Belongs within: Peridiniales.
Contains: Peridinium.
The Peridiniaceae are a group of dinoflagellates with a distinct cingulum, containing four to six cingular plates, and at least one intercingular boundary on the dorsal surface (Fensome et al. 1993).
Characters (from Fensome et al. 1993): Test with four Kofoid apical plates; five postcingular plates; cingulum distinct with four to six cingular plates, excluding transitional plate where present; at least one dorsal intercingular boundary present. Cysts typically cavate, peridinioid; archeopyle may be focussed on dorsal surface or in apical region.
Peridiniaceae (see below for synonymy)
| i. s.: Maduradinium Cookson & Eisenack 1970 FT93
| Morkallacysta Harris 1974 FT93
| Muiradinium Harland & Sarjeant 1970 FT93
| Talimudinium Mao & Norris 1988 FT93
| Zhongyuandinium Zhu, He & Jin in He et al. 1989 FT93
|--Lithoperidinioideae FT93
| |--Jusella Vozzhennikova 1963 FT93
| `--Lithoperidinium Deflandre 1933 [incl. Peridinites Lefèvre 1933] FT93
| `--‘Peridinites’ globosus Lefèvre 1933 FT93
|--Peridinioideae [Peridiniinae] FT93
| |--Peridinium FT93
| |--Durinskia Carty & Cox 1986 FT93
| `--Kansodinium Carty & Cox 1986 FT93
|--Wetzelielloideae [Wetzeliellaceae] FT93
| |--Apectodinium (Costa & Downie 1976) Lentin & Williams 1977 FT93
| |--Wilsonidium Lentin & Williams 1976 FT93
| |--Wetzeliella Eisenack 1938 [incl. Gochtodinium Bujak 1979] FT93
| |--Charlesdowniea Lentin & Vozzhennikova 1989 FT93
| |--Dracodinium Gocht 1955 FT93
| |--Kisselovia Vozzhennikova 1963 (see below for synonymy) FT93
| `--Rhombodinium Gocht 1955 FT93
| `--R. porosum Bujak 1979 FT93
|--Ovoidinioideae [Ascodinioideae, Ovoidiniaceae] FT93
| |--Bohaidina Jiabo 1978 FT93
| |--Bosedinia He 1984 [=Bosea He & Qian 1979 non Srivastava 1975] FT93
| |--Cepadinium Duxbury 1983 FT93
| |--Corculodinium Batten & Lister 1988 FT93
| |--Craspedodinium Cookson & Eisenack 1974 FT93
| |--Epelidosphaeridia Davey 1969 FT93
| |--Holmwoodinium Batten 1985 FT93
| |--Huanghedinium Zhu, He & Jin in He et al. 1989 FT93
| |--Parabohaidina Jiabo 1978 FT93
| |--Paraperidinium Jin, He & Zhu in He et al. 1989 FT93
| |--Prominangularia Jiabo 1978 FT93
| |--Ripea Batten 1985 FT93
| |--Leberidocysta Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
| | `--L. chlamydata (Cookson & Eisenack 1962) Stover & Evitt 1978 RC02
| |--Ovoidinium Davey 1970 [incl. Evittia Pocock 1972 non Brito 1967, Pocockia Lentin & Williams 1973] FT93
| | |--O. cinctum (Cookson & Eisenack 1958) Davey 1970 RC02
| | `--O. ovale (Cookson & Eisenack 1970) Lentin & Williams 1976 RC02
| `--Ascodinium Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
| |--A. acrophorum Cookson & Eisenack 1960 RC02
| `--A. serratum Cookson & Eisenack 1960 RC02
|--Spinidinioideae [Spinidinieae] QS03
| |--Volkheimeridium Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 QS03
| | |--*V. lanterna (Cookson & Eisenack) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| | |--V. clavum (Harland) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Spinidinium clavum Harland 1973] QS03
| | |--V. irmoechinatum (Heisecke) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| | `--V. luciae (Wrenn & Hart) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Spinidinium luciae Wrenn & Hart 1988] QS03
| |--Spinidinium Cookson & Eisenack 1962 QS03
| | |--*S. styloniferum Cookson & Eisenack 1962 QS03
| | |--S. colemanii Wrenn & Hart 1988 QS03
| | |--S. denticulatum Pothë de Baldis & Ramos 1983 QS03
| | |--S. echinoideum (Cookson & Eisenack) Lentin & Williams 1976 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| | |--S. rhombicum (Cookson & Eisenack) Stover & Evitt 1978 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| | `--S. sagittula (Drugg) Lentin & Williams 1976 [=Deflandrea sagittula Drugg 1970] QS03
| `--Magallanesium Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 QS03
| |--*M. macmurdoense (Wilson) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| |--M. asymmetricum (Wilson) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| |--M. balmei (Cookson & Eisenack) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| |--M. densispinatum (Stanley) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Spinidinium densispinaton Stanley 1965] QS03
| |--M. denticulatum (Pothë de Baldis & Ramos) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| |--M. essoi (Cookson & Eisenack) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| |--M. pilatum (Stanley) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| |--M. pulchrum (Benson) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 (see below for synonymy) QS03
| `--M. rallum (Heisecke) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Spinidinium rallum Heisecke 1970] QS03
|--Palaeoperidinioideae (see below for synonymy) QS03
| | i. s.: ‘Peridinium’ limbatum (Stokes 1887) Lemmermann 1899 FT93
| |--Williamsidinium Lentin 1983 FT93
| |--Colonsaydinium Hunt in Hunt et al. 1985 FT93
| |--Geiselodinium Krutzsch 1962 [incl. Cubiculosphaera Harris 1974] FT93
| |--Ginginodinium Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
| |--Indosphaera Kumar 1986 FT93
| |--Jinhudinium Qian et al. 1986 FT93
| |--Soaniella Vozzhennikova 1967 FT93
| |--Teneridinium Krutzsch 1962 FT93
| |--Vectidinium Liengjarern et al. 1980 FT93
| |--Chichaouadinium Below 1981 FT93
| | `--C. vestitum (Brideaux 1971) Bujak & Davies 1983 FT93
| |--Dioxya Cookson & Eisenack 1958 FT93
| | `--D. armata Cookson & Eisenack 1958 RC02
| |--Laciniadinium McIntyre 1975 [incl. Sinocysta He 1984] FT93
| | `--L. tenuistriatum (Eisenack & Cookson 1960) Morgan 1977 RC02
| |--Palaeohystrichophora Deflandre 1935 FT93
| | `--P. infusorioides Deflandre 1935 FT93
| |--Saeptodinium Harris 1974 [incl. Sanshuia Yu et al. 1981] FT93
| | `--‘Scriniodinium’ eurypylum Manum & Cookson 1964 FT93
| |--Subtilisphaera Jain & Millepied 1973 FT93
| | |--S. senegalensis Jain & Millepied 1973 I02
| | `--S. terrula (Davey 1974) Lentin & Williams 1976 FT93
| |--Phthanoperidinium Drugg & Loeblich 1967 FT93
| | |--P. amoenum Drugg & Loeblich 1967 FT93
| | `--‘Hystrichogonyaulax’ coreoides Benedek 1972 FT93
| |--Palaeoperidinium Deflandre 1934 (see below for synonymy) FT93
| | |--P. cretaceum (Pocock 1962) Lentin & Williams 1976 RC02
| | |--P. pyrophorum (Ehrenberg 1838) Sarjeant 1967 [=Peridinium pyrophorum] FT93
| | `--P. spinosissimum H75
| `--Diconodinium Eisenack & Cookson 1960 FT93
| |--D. cristatum Cookson & Eisenack 1974 RC02
| |--D. multispinum (Deflandre & Cookson 1955) Eisenack & Cookson 1960 RC02
| |--D. pelliferum (Cookson & Eisenack 1958) Eisenack & Cookson 1960 RC02
| |--D. psilatum Morgan 1977 RC02
| `--D. pusillum Singh 1971 RC02
`--Deflandreoideae (see below for synonymy) QS03
|--Smolenskiella Vozzhennikova 1967 FT93
|--Abratopdinium Mao & Mohr 1992 FT93
|--Amphidiadema Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
|--Andalusiella Riegel 1974 FT93
|--Arvalidinium Lentin & Vozzhennikova 1990 FT93
|--Bulbodinium Wetzel 1960 FT93
|--Cerodinium Vozzhennikova 1963 [incl. Ceratiopsis Vozzhennikova 1963 non de Wildeman 1896] FT93
|--Eucladinium Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
|--Eurydinium Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
|--Evittodinium Deflandre 1964 FT93
|--Gippslandia Stover & Williams 1987 FT93
|--Godavariella Mehrotra & Sarjeant 1987 FT93
|--Hexagonifera Cookson & Eisenack 1961 FT93
|--Nelsoniella Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
|--Pierceites Habib & Drugg 1987 FT93
|--Planoperidinium de Coninck 1986 FT93
|--Satyrodinium Lentin & Manum 1986 FT93
|--Svalbardella Manum 1960 FT93
|--Trivalvadinium Islam 1983 FT93
|--Uvatodinium Vozzhennikova 1963 FT93
|--Vozzhennikovia Lentin & Williams 1976 FT93
|--Xenikoon Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
|--Xuidinium Mao & Norris 1988 FT93
|--Lentinia Bujak 1980 FT93
| `--L. serrata Bujak 1980 FT93
|--Senegalinium Jain & Millepied 1973 FT93
| `--S. aenigmaticum (Boltenhagen) Lentin & Williams 1981 I02
|--Pyxidiella Cookson & Eisenack 1958 FT93
| `--P. scrobiculata (Deflandre & Cookson 1955) Cookson & Eisenack 1958 FT93
|--Sumatradinium Lentin & Williams 1976 FT93
| `--‘Xenicodinium’ hispidum Drugg 1970 FT93
|--Chatangiella Vozzhennikova 1967 (see below for synonymy) FT93
| |--C. campbellensis CF03
| `--C. verrucosa (Manum 1963) Lentin & Williams 1976 FT93
|--Manumiella Bujak & Davies 1983 FT93
| |--M. druggii CF03
| `--M. seelandica CF03
|--Alterbidinium Lentin & Williams 1985 (see below for synonymy) FT93
| |--A. acutulum CF03
| `--A. pentaradiatum QS03
|--Trithyrodinium Drugg 1967 FT93
| |--T. suspectum (Manum & Cookson 1964) Davey 1969 RC02
| `--T. vermiculatum (Cookson & Eisenack 1961) Lentin & Williams 1976 RC02
|--Palaeocystodinium Alberti 1961 [incl. Cystodiniopsis Vozzhennikova 1963] FT93
| |--P. golzowense Alberti 1961 QS03
| |--P. granulatum CF03
| `--‘*Cystodiniopsis’ hyperxantha Vozzhennikova 1963 FT93
|--Isabelidinium Lentin & Williams 1977 [=Isabelia Lentin & Williams 1976 non Barbosa-Rodrigues 1877] FT93
| |--I. acuminatum (Cookson & Eisenack 1958) Stover & Evitt 1978 RC02
| |--I. bakeri (Deflandre & Cookson 1955) Lentin & Williams 1977 QS03
| |--I. cingulatum QS03
| `--I. glabrum (Cookson & Eisenack 1969) Lentin & Williams 1977 RC02
`--Deflandrea Eisenack 1938 FT93
|--D. boloniensis (Riegel) Wrenn & Hart 1988 QS03
|--D. cygniformis Pöthe de Baldis 1966 QS03
|--D. dartmooria QS03
|--D. foveolata QS03
|--D. fuegensis Menéndez 1965 QS03
`--D. granulata Menéndez 1965 QS03
Alterbidinium Lentin & Williams 1985 [=Albertia Vozzhennikova 1967 non Schimper in Voltz 1837, Alterbia Lentin & Williams 1976 (nom. illeg.)] FT93
Chatangiella Vozzhennikova 1967 [incl. Australiella Vozzhennikova 1967, Cooksoniella Vozzhennikova 1967] FT93
Deflandreoideae [Ceratiopsieae, Chatangielleae, Deflandreae, Lentinieae, Manumielleae, Nelsonielleae, Palaeocystodinioideae, Senegalinioideae] QS03
Kisselovia Vozzhennikova 1963 [=Kiselevia Vozzhennikova 1960 (nom. inv.), Kisseljovia Vozzhennikova 1961 (nom. inv.)] FT93
Magallanesium asymmetricum (Wilson) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Deflandrea asymmetrica Wilson 1967, Alterbia asymmetrica (Wilson) Lentin & Williams 1976 (nom. illeg.), Senegalinium asymmetricum (Wilson) Stover & Evitt 1978] QS03
Magallanesium balmei (Cookson & Eisenack) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Deflandrea minor Cookson & Eisenack 1960 (nom. illeg.), D. balmei Cookson & Eisenack 1960, Alterbia minor (Cookson & Eisenack) Morgan 1977 (nom. illeg.), Isabelidinium balmei (Cookson & Eisenack) Stover & Evitt 1978, Spinidinium balmei (Cookson & Eisenack) Ioannides 1986] QS03
Magallanesium denticulatum (Pothë de Baldis & Ramos) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Dioxya denticulata Pothë de Baldis & Ramos 1983 non Spinidinium denticulatum Pothë de Baldis & Ramos 1983, Spinidinium argentinum Lentin & Williams 1985] QS03
Magallanesium essoi (Cookson & Eisenack) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Spinidinium essoi Cookson & Eisenack 1967] QS03
*Magallanesium macmurdoense (Wilson) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Deflandrea macmurdoense Wilson 1967, Spinidinium macmurdoense (Wilson) Lentin & Williams 1976] QS03
Magallanesium pilatum (Stanley) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Wetzeliella pilata Stanley 1965, Spinidinium pilatum (Stanley) Costa & Downie 1979] QS03
Magallanesium pulchrum (Benson) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Deflandrea pulchra Benson 1976, Spinidinium pulchrum (Benson) Lentin & Williams 1977] QS03
Palaeoperidinioideae [Chichaouadinieae, Luxadinieae, Palaeoperidiniaceae, Palaeoperidinieae, Phthanoperidineae, Subtilisphaeroideae] QS03
Palaeoperidinium Deflandre 1934 [incl. Astrocysta Davey 1970, Pentagonum Vozzhennikova 1963 non Pentagonium Schauer 1843] FT93
Peridiniaceae [Chatangiellaceae, Cooksoniellaceae, Deflandreaceae, Deflandreidae, Endodiniaceae, Hexagoniferaceae, Lithoperidiniaceae, Lithoperidinidae, Nelsoniellaceae, Nelsoniellidae, Peridinidae, Peridiniidae, Peridinitaceae, Phthanoperidiniaceae, Pyxidiellaceae]
Spinidinium echinoideum (Cookson & Eisenack) Lentin & Williams 1976 [=Deflandrea echinoidea Cookson & Eisenack 1960, Vozzhennikovia echinoidea (Cookson & Eisenack) Stover & Evitt 1978] QS03
Spinidinium rhombicum (Cookson & Eisenack) Stover & Evitt 1978 [=Deflandrea rhombica Cookson & Eisenack 1974, S. echinoideum ssp. rhombicum (Cookson & Eisenack) Lentin & Williams 1976] QS03
Volkheimeridium irmoechinatum (Heisecke) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Deflandrea irmoechinata Heisecke 1970, Gonyaulacysta irmoechinata (Heisecke) Lentin & Williams 1976, Spinidinium irmoechinatum (Heisecke) Stover & Evitt 1978] QS03
*Volkheimeridium lanterna (Cookson & Eisenack) Quattrocchio & Sarjeant 2003 [=Spinidinium lanterna Cookson & Eisenack 1970] QS03
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[CF03] Cruickshank, A. R. I., & R. E. Fordyce. 2003. A new marine reptile (Sauropterygia) from New Zealand: Further evidence for a Late Cretaceous austral radiation of cryptoclidid plesiosaurs. Palaeontology 45 (3): 557–575.
[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i–viii, 1–351.
[H75] Häntzschel, W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea Suppl. 1. Trace Fossils and Problematica 2nd ed. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[I02] Ibrahim, M. I. A. 2002. Late Albian–Middle Cenomanian palynofacies and palynostratigraphy, Abu Gharadig-5 well, Western Desert, Egypt. Cretaceous Research 23: 775–788.
[QS03] Quattrocchio, M. E., & W. A. S. Sarjeant. 2003. Dinoflagellates from the Chorrillo Chico Formation (Paleocene) of southern Chile. Ameghiniana 40 (2): 129–153.
[RC02] Riding, J. B., & J. A. Crame. 2002. Aptian to Coniacian (Early–Late Cretaceous) palynostratigraphy of the Gustav Group, James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research 23: 739–760.
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