Comatulida

Comatula rotalaria, copyright Teresa Zubi.

Belongs within: Articulata.
Contains: Tropiometracea, Antedonacea, Solanocrinitacea, Comasterinae, Capillasterinae.

The Comatulida, feather stars, are a group of crinoids in the larval column has been reduced to a single cirriferous centrodorsal attached to the calyx (Wienberg Rasmussen 1978). They are the most prominent crinoid group in the modern fauna.

<==Comatulida [Comatuladae, Comatulidae, Comatulidia, Macrophreata, Macrophreatina, Oligophreata]
    |  i. s.: Pachyantedon Jaekel 1891 (n. d.) WR78
    |           |--*P. beyrichi Jaekel 1891 WR78
    |           `--P. gracilis (Walther 1886) [=Solanocrinus gracilis, Antedon gracilis] C50
    |--Paracomatulacea UL78
    |    |--Paracomatula Hess 1951 [Paracomatulidae] WR78
    |    |    `--*P. helvetica Hess 1951 WR78
    |    `--Atelecrinidae [Atelecrininae] WR78
    |         |--Atopocrinus Clark 1912 WR78
    |         |    `--*A. sibogae Clark 1912 WR78
    |         |--Jaekelometra Gislén 1924 WR78
    |         |    |--J. belgica (Jaekel 1902) [=Atelecrinus belgicus] WR78
    |         |    |--J. columnaris Gislén 1924 E01
    |         |    |--J. concava (Schlüter 1878) E01
    |         |    `--J. meijeri Rasmussen 1961 E01
    |         |--Sibogacrinus Clark in Clark & Clark 1967 WR78
    |         |    `--*S. anomalus (Clark 1912) [=Atelecrinus anomalus] WR78
    |         `--Atelecrinus Carpenter 1881 WR78
    |              |--*A. balanoides Carpenter 1881 (see below for synonymy) WR78
    |              `--A. conifer WR78
    |--+--Tropiometracea UL78
    |  `--Antedonacea UL78
    `--+--Solanocrinitacea UL78
       `--Comasteridae [Actinometridae, Actinometrinae, Comasteracea, Comasterida, Comasterina] UL78
            |  i. s.: Clarkcomanthus MG-H11
            |           |--C. albinotus (Rowe, Hogget et al. 1986) LR06
            |           |--C. littoralis (Carpenter 1888) MG-H11
            |           `--C. luteofuscum (Clark 1915) MG-H11
            |         Oxycomanthus MG-H11
            |           |--O. bennetti (Müller 1841) LR06
            |           |--O. japonica (Müller 1841) LR06
            |           `--O. plectrophorum (Clark 1916) MG-H11
            |--Comasterinae WR78
            |--Capillasterinae WR78
            `--Comactiniinae WR78
                 |--Comatulella Clark 1911 WR78
                 |    `--*C. brachiolata (Lamarck 1816) [=Comatula brachiolata; incl. Alecto rosea Müller 1841] WR78
                 |--Comatulides Clark 1918 [=Cominia Clark 1909 non Brown 1844] WR78
                 |    `--*C. decameros (Clark 1908) [=Comanthus decameros] WR78
                 |--Comactinia Clark 1909 WR78
                 |    |--*C. echinoptera (Müller 1841) [=Alecto echinoptera] WR78
                 |    `--C. meridionalis BLWR78 [=C. echinoptera var. meridionalis MMR78]
                 `--Comatula Lamarck 1816 (see below for synonymy) WR78
                      |--*C. solaris Lamarck 1816 [incl. *Actinometra imperialis Müller 1841] WR78
                      |--C. pectinata (Linnaeus 1758) MG-H11
                      |--C. rotalaria WR78
                      `--C. tenuicirra Clark 1912 MG-H11

*Atelecrinus balanoides Carpenter 1881 [incl. A. cubensis Carpenter 1881, A. pourtalesi Clark 1907, A. helgae Clark 1913] WR78

Comatula Lamarck 1816 [incl. Actinometra Müller 1841, Actinomedra (l. c.), Actinomerta (l. c.), Actinometer (l. c.), Actynometra (l. c.), Aetinometra (l. c.)] WR78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BLWR78] Brower, J. C., N. G. Lane & H. Wienberg Rasmussen. 1978. Postlarval ontogeny of fossil crinoids. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 1 pp. T244–T274. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[C50] Clark, A. H. 1950. A monograph of the existing crinoids. Vol. 1. The comatulids. Part 4c. Superfamily Tropiometrida (the families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 82 vol. 1 (4c): 1–383.

[E01] Eagle, M. K. 2001. New fossil crinoids (Articulata: Comatulida) from the late Oligocene of Waitete Bay, northern Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 81–92.

[LR06] Lanterbecq, D., G. W. Rouse, M. C. Milinkovitch & I. Eeckhaut. 2006. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate multiple independent emergences of parasitism in Myzostomida (Protostomia). Systematic Biology 55 (2): 208–227.

[MMR78] Macurda, D. B., Jr., D. L. Meyer & M. Roux. 1978. The crinoid stereom. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 1 pp. T217–T228. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[UL78] Ubaghs, G., N. G. Lane, H. Wienberg Rasmussen & H. L. Strimple. 1978. Evolution. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 2 pp. T275–T316. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[WR78] Wienberg Rasmussen, H. 1978. Articulata. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 3 pp. T813–T927. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).