Belongs within: Life.
Contains: Chitinozoa, Acritarcha, Microrhabdulaceae, Palaeopascichnida, Discicristata, Jakobida, Corticata, Amorphea, Metamonada.
The Eukaryota is the group of organisms in which the chromosomes are contained within a nuclear membrane that is separate from the external cell membrane. In the majority of cases, cells of eukaryotes are much larger than those of non-eukaryotes. Movement of cells is commonly via the beating of one or more cilia (alternatively referred to as 'flagella' when relatively long compared to the remainder of the cell) but numerous lineages have lost cilia for at least part of the life cycle.
Basal relationships within the eukaryotes have been subject to much argument in the past and even now are far from settled. Cavalier-Smith (2018) regarded the biflagellate Tsukubamonas globosa as the basalmost known eukaryote owing to its simple cytoskeleton, lacking the dorsal microtubular fan and second posterior centriolar microtubular root R1 ancestrally possessed by other eukaryotes. Tsukubamonas and the Discicristata are further excluded from the clade of the remaining eukaryotes (dubbed 'orthokaryotes' by Cavalier-Smith 2018) by their unstacked Golgi bodies and generally parallel centrioles (orthogonal in orthokaryotes). The orthokaryotes (excluding Jakobida) were mostly included in a clade Neozoa, ancestrally supported by a derived cytochrome c lyase biogenesis as opposed to the bacterial pathway found in more basal taxa. In contrast to this system, other authors would recognise a clade 'Excavata' of flagellates with a ventral feeding groove and related taxa, including Tsukubamonas, Discicristata, Jakobida and Loukozoa in the tree below.
Characters (from Cavalier-Smith 2002): Chromosomes and ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear envelope, which is topologically within, and separate from, plasma membrane; endoplasmic reticulum growing by direct insertion of individual lipid molecules synthesised by proteins embedded in same membrane; plasma membrane growing by fusion of vesicles budded from endomembranes. Complex endoskeleton (cytoskeleton) present of microtubules and actin filaments using attached molecular motors to mediate chromosome segregation and cell division, respectively; cells ancestrally phagotrophic. Cell motile organs (when present) cilia.
<==Eukaryota (see below for synonymy)
|--Tsukubamonas Yabuki et al. 2011 C-S18, AS12 [Tsukubamonadea]
| `--T. globosa AS12
`--+--Discicristata C-S18
`--Orthokaryotes [Protomonadina, Zoomastigota] C-S18
|--Jakobida C-S18
`--Neozoa (see below for synonymy) C-S18
| i. s.: Oscana Bosc 1797 B97
| `--*O. astacaria Bosc 1797 B97
|--Corticata C-S10
`--Scotokaryotes C-SCL15
|--Amorphea C-S18
`--Loukozoa C-S18
|--Metamonada C-S18
`--Malawimonas O’Kelly & Nerad 1999 C-S18, AS12 (see below for synonymy)
|--M. californiana C-SCL15
`--M. jakobiformis C-SCL15
Eukaryota incertae sedis:
Melanocyrillium C-S10
Trachyhystrichosphaera C-S02
Chitinozoa WBN02
Haemohormidium terraenovae K-M02
Pseudodevescovina uniflagellata WR03
Corollolithion kennedyi GT02
Helenea chiastia GT02
Marthasterites Deflandre 1959 FT93
|--M. contortus P79
|--M. furcatus VH02
`--M. tribrachiatus P79
Lithastrinus septenarius VH02
Eprolithus VH02
|--E. moratus VH02
`--E. octopetalus VH02
Micula VH02
|--M. decussata VH02
`--M. mura K79
Quadrum gartneri VH02
Calculites anfractus VH02
Reinhardites antophorus VH02
Lucianorhabdus Deflandre 1959 H75
`--*L. cayeuxi Deflandre 1959 H75
Lithocodium aggregatum HS02
Cinetidomyxa chattoni T72
Lagenidiopsis Golemansky 1974 G86
|--L. ancora Sudzuki 1979 G86
|--L. elegans (Gruber 1884) G86
`--L. valkanovi Golemansky 1974 G86
Pseudolagenidiopsis Sudzuki 1979 G86
`--P. golemanskyi Sudzuki 1979 G86
‘Voluta’ Chardez 1972 non Linnaeus 1758 G86
`--V. hemispiralis Chardez 1972 G86
Bicorium Maslov 1956 BB05
`--*B. kusbassense Maslov 1956 BB05
Archaeolithothamnium BB05
|--A. irinae Maslov 1956 BB05
`--A. saipanense [=Sporolithon saipanense] A04
Wengania Zhang 1989 X04
|--*W. globosa Zhang 1989 X04
|--W. exquisita Zhang, Yin et al. 1998 X04
`--W. minuta Xiao 2004 X04
Paratetraphycus giganteus Zhang 1985 X04
Meghystricosphaeridium Zhang, Yin et al. 1998 X04
|--*M. chadianensis (Chen & Liu 1986) (see below for synonymy) X04
|--M. densum (Kolosova 1991) Zhang, Yin et al. 1998 X04
|--M. gracilentum (Yin in Yin & Liu 1988) Zhang, Yin et al. 1998 X04
|--M. magnificum Zhang, Yin et al. 1998 X04
|--M. perfectum (Kolosova 1991) Zhang, Yin et al. 1998 X04
`--M. reticulatum X04
Dicrospinasphaera Yuan & Hofmann 1998 X04
`--*D. zhangii Yuan & Hofmann 1998 X04
Apodostoides basileus Zhang et al. 1998 X04
Tianzhushania spinosa Yin & Li 1978 X04
Ericiasphaera X04
|--E. magna (Zhang 1984) X04
|--E. rigida X04
`--E. sparsa X04
Asterocapsoides sinensis X04
Cerionopora ordinata [incl. Bacatisphaera baokangensis] X04
Briareus borealis Knoll 1992 X04
Castaneasphaera speciosa X04
Cymatiosphaeroides yinii X04
Distosphaera speciosa Zhang et al. 1998 X04
Echinosphaeridium maximum X04
Eotylotopalla X04
|--E. dactylos X04
`--E. delicata X04
Filisphaeridium X04
Goniosphaeridium X04
|--G. acuminatum X04
|--G. conoideum X04
`--G. cratum X04
Lophosphaeridium X04
Mastosphaera changyangensis X04
Micrhystridium X04
Pustulisphaera membranacea X04
Sinosphaera rupina X04
Vulcanisphaera phacelosa X04
Gremiphyca corymbiata Zhang et al. 1998 X04
Paramecia incognata Zhang & Yuan 1992 X04
Thallophycoides phloeatus Zhang & Yuan 1992 X04
Monas LB90
|--M. minima LB90
|--M. socianilis SX97
`--M. stigmatica PHK96
Radiosus Zhuravleva 1964 T84, G79
|--*R. limpidus Zhuravleva 1964 G79
`--R. radialis T84
Granomarginata T84
|--G. dhalli T84
|--G. primitiva T84
`--G. simlaensis T84
Griffonia simplicifolia WN00
Mizzia VH01
|--M. velebitana Schubert 1908 VH01
`--M. yabei VH01
Pseudoepimastopora likana Kochansky-Devidé & Herak 1960 VH01
Arabicodium [incl. Siamporidium Endo 1969] VH01
Ortonella VH01
|--O. latifibrosa Endo in Endo & Kanuma 1954 VH01
`--O. morikawai Endo 1958 VH01
Nanopora VH01
|--‘Anthracoporella’ fragilissima Maslov 1939 VH01
`--‘Anthracoporella’ kasachiensis Maslov 1939 VH01
Roquesselsia Termier et al. 1977 VH01
`--‘Anthracoporella’ insolita Ivanova 1988 VH01
Oligoporella Pia 1912 VH01
Clavaphysoporella Endo 1958 VH01
Clavaporella [incl. Eoclypeina Poncet 1987 non Emberger in Vachard 1985] VH01
`--C. reinae Racz 1966 [incl. *Eoclypeina crassa Poncet 1987] VH01
Neoanchicodium Endo in Endo & Kanuma 1954 VH01
Nostocites Maslov 1929 VH01
`--*N. vesiculosa Maslov 1929 VH01
Sphairionia Tien 1989 [incl. Pseudosphairionia Pronina 1996] VH01
|--*S. sikuoides Tien 1989 (see below for synonymy) VH01
`--S. gallinae Vachard, Hauser et al. 2001 VH01
Marpolia spissa CM98
Coccobotrys D03
|--*C. verrucariae D03
`--C. mucosus D03
Hyalostachybotrys D03
|--H. bisbyi D03
`--H. sacchari D03
Streptobotrys D03
|--S. arisaematis D03
|--S. caulophyllii D03
`--S. streptothrix D03
Polysphaerinella bulla CM01
Luffisphaera [Holosea] C-S03
Kamaena E03
|--K. delicata E03
`--K. tatarstanica E03
Izhella nubiformis E03
Bosea Srivastava 1975 FT93
Evittia Brito 1967 FT93
Anthosphaeridium Cookson & Eisenack 1968 FT93
Archaeodinium Shu 1979 FT93
Artemisiocysta Benedek 1972 FT93
Ascostomocystis Drugg & Loeblich 1967 FT93
`--A. hydria Drugg & Loeblich 1967 E77
Beringiella Bujak 1984 FT93
Caddasphaera Fenton et al. 1980 FT93
Catillopsis Drugg 1970 FT93
Ceratocystidiopsis Deflandre 1937 FT93
Chonesphaera Klumpp 1953 FT93
Cirrifera Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
Collumosphaera Jain & Dutta in Dutta & Jain 1980 FT93
Conicoidium Jiabo 1978 FT93
Cupritia Courtinat & Gaillard 1980 FT93
‘Cyclodictyon’ Cookson & Eisenack 1958 non Mitt. 1864 FT93
Cyclopsiella Drugg & Loeblich 1967 FT93
Cystidiopsis Nagy 1965 FT93
Deflandridium Nagy 1969 FT93
Dictyosphaeridium Wetzel 1952 FT93
Diplofusa Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
Wallodinium Loeblich & Loeblich 1968 [=Diplotesta Cookson & Eisenack 1960 (preoc.)] FT93
Domasiella Eisenack 1969 FT93
Enigmadinium Wrenn & Hart 1988 FT93
Acritarcha E77
Halodinium Bujak 1984 FT93
Halophoridia Cookson & Eisenack 1962 FT93
Korojonia Cookson & Eisenack 1958 FT93
Lophodictyotidium Pocock 1972 FT93
Mathurosphaera Varma & Dangwal 1964 FT93
Membranosphaera Samoilovich in Samoilovich & Mtchedlishvili 1961 FT93
Mirificysta Yu 1982 FT93
Nummus Morgan 1975 FT93
Ollula Góczán 1962 FT93
Palaeohystrichosphaeridium Eiserhardt 1986 FT93
Palaeostomocystis Deflandre 1937 FT93
Palhistiodinia Deflandre 1939 FT93
Piperodinium Mudie in Scott et al. 1984 FT93
Platycystidia Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
Polyasterias Meunier 1910 non Perrier 1894 (ICZN) FT93
Prismatocystis Habib 1969 FT93
Pseudofromea Burger 1980 FT93
Pterocystidiopsis Deflandre 1937 FT93
Quadrina Bujak 1980 FT93
Rhombodella Cookson & Eisenack 1962 FT93
Schizocystia Cookson & Eisenack 1962 FT93
Sicyoideum He 1980 FT93
Spicadinium Batten & Lister 1988 FT93
Spinuliferites Huang 1981 FT93
Stylodiniopsis Eisenack 1954 FT93
`--*S. maculatum Eisenack 1954 H75
Tetragonidium Pascher 1914 FT93
Tubulifera Schumacker-Lambry 1978 FT93
Sinosabellidites Zheng 1980 [incl. Huainanella Wang 1982] SWZ86
`--*S. huainanensis Zheng 1980 [incl. Huainanella cylindrica Wang 1982] SWZ86
Vindhyania Mathur 1983 SWZ86
Phimopollenites pannosus (Dettmann & Playford 1968) Dettmann 1974 RC02
Sarjeantia Horowitz 1975 FT93
Prothyris lanceolata JP97
Ammoclathrinidae [Ammoconidae] T72
|--Ammosolenia Haeckel 1889 T72
| `--A. rhizammina Haeckel 1889 T72
|--Ammoclathrina Laubenfels 1948 [=Ammoconia Haeckel 1889 (preoc.)] T72
| |--*A. aulopegma (Haeckel 1889) [=Ammoconia aulopegma] T72
| `--A. sagenella (Haeckel 1889) [=Ammoconia sagenella] T72
`--Ammolynthus Haeckel 1889 T72
|--*A. haliphysema Haeckel 1889 T72
`--A. prototypus Haeckel 1889 T72
Cysticercus cellulosae B32
Morania Walcott 1919 H85
|--*M. globosa Walcott 1919 H85
`--M. antiqua Fenton & Fenton 1939 H85
Longfengshania Du 1982 H85
`--*L. stipitata Du 1982 H85
Daltaenia Hofmann 1985 H85
`--*D. mackenziensis Hofmann 1985 H85
Globochaete Lombard 1945 MS99
`--G. alpina F71
Ovummuridae MSV00
|--Ovummurus Minoura & Chitoku 1979 MSV00
| `--*O. duoportius Minoura & Chitoku 1979 [=O. duoportio] MSV00
|--Minourella Munnecke, Servais & Vachard 2000 MSV00
| `--*M. gotlandica Munnecke, Servais & Vachard 2000 MSV00
|--Arouxina Munnecke, Servais & Vachard 2000 MSV00
| `--*A. pluricellata Munnecke, Servais & Vachard 2000 MSV00
`--Samtlebenella Munnecke, Servais & Vachard 2000 MSV00
`--*S. circumcamerata Munnecke, Servais & Vachard 2000 MSV00
Calcisphaeridae MSV00
|--Polyderma Derville 1950 MSV00
|--Asterosphaerella Villain 1975 MSV00
|--Eovolvox Kazmierczak 1975 MSV00
`--Calcisphaera Williamson 1880 MSV00 [incl. Granulosphaera Derville 1931 H75]
|--*C. robusta Williamson 1881 H75
`--C. leavis Williamson 1881 M98 [=*Granulosphaera laevis H75]
Pleuromonas jaculans LB90
Thylacomonas compress SX97
Nebula carinatalla SX97
Rosenia Waagen & Wentzel 1886 BR05
Pseudodimorpha Mikrjukov 2000 M00
`--*P. marina (Fenchel et al. 1995) [=Tetradimorpha marina] M00
Moncharmontia apeninica LSM-CG00
Disphaeria Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
`--D. macropyla Cookson & Eisenack 1960 RC02
Nanogyra nana YZ83
Thurmanella pentaptycta YZ83
Paleonuculus makitoensis YZ83
Yatsengia hangchowensis DX84
Triflagellum S03
|--T. diaphanum Ruinen 1938 S03
`--T. hardyi Ruinen 1938 S03
Eothrix alpina F71
Sphenolithus [Sphenolithaceae] VC88
|--S. abies Deflandre in Deflandre & Fert 1954 VC88
|--S. belemnos P79
|--S. ciperoensis P79
|--S. distentus P79
|--S. heteromorphus P79
|--S. neoabies Bukry & Bramlette 1969 EB93
|--S. predistentus P79
|--S. primus Perch-Nielsen 1971 EB93
`--S. pseudoradians P79
Heteroderma Fitzinger 1843 LT64a
Astacoderma Harley 1861 Has62
Bransonella Harlton 1933 Has62
Dermatolithis Ehrenberg 1854 Has62
Fortscottella Gunnell 1931 Has62
Icthyodus Harris & Hollingsworth 1933 Has62
Lepodus Branson & Mehl 1933 Has62
Lepognathodus Mehl in Fay 1959 Has62
Multidentodus Harlton 1933 Has62
Prionognathodus Fay 1959 [=Prionognathus Pander 1856 non Ferté-Sénèctere 1851] Has62
Scolopodella Stauffer & Plummer 1932 Has62
Stephanodella Matern 1933 Has62
Halysium Swidzinski 1934 [incl. Arthrodendron Ulrich 1904 (n. n.) nec Seward 1898 nec Scott 1900] H75
|--*H. problematicum Swidzinski 1934 H75
|--‘Hormosira’ moniliformis Heer 1877 H75
`--‘Halimeda’ saportae Fuchs 1894 H75
Hensonella Elliott 1960 H75
`--*H. cylindrica Elliott 1960 H75
Margaretia Walcott 1931 H75
`--*M. dorus Walcott 1931 H75
Nannoconus Kamptner 1931 [Nannoconaceae] H75
|--*N. steinmanni Kamptner 1931 H75
|--N. colomi (de Lapparent 1931) [=Lagena colomi] Han62
|--N. compressus Bralower & Thierstein in Bralower et al. 1989 EB93
`--N. elongatus Bronnimann 1955 EB93
Porocystis Cragin 1893 H75
`--P. globularis (Giebel 1853) Han62 (see below for synonymy)
Taitia Crookall 1931 H75
`--*T. catena Crookall 1931 H75
Brooksella Walcott 1896 [incl. Laotira Walcott 1896] H75
Tubulites Bein 1932 (ICBN) non Gesner 1758 (ICZN) H75
Ampelitocystis Deunff 1957 H75
`--*A. feuguerollensis Deunff 1957 H75
Ampulites Flower 1961 H75
`--*A. vasiformis Flower 1961 H75
Ancestrulites Flower 1961 H75
`--*A. tubiformis Flower 1961 H75
Ancientia Ross 1967 H75
`--*A. ohioensis Ross 1967 H75
Bicornifera Lindenberg 1965 H75
`--*B. alpina Lindenberg 1965 H75
Birrimarnoldia Hovasse & Couture 1961 [=Arnoldia Hovasse 1956 nec Mayer-Eymar 1887 nec Stolley 1937] H75
`--*B. antiqua (Hovasse 1956) [=*Arnoldia antiqua] H75
Cayeuxipora Graindor 1957 H75
Cayeuxistylus Graindor 1957 H75
Cheneyella Flower 1961 H75
`--*C. clausa Flower 1961 H75
Chisibyllites Deflandre 1961 H75
`--*C. kerguelenensis Deflandre 1961 H75
Chotecella Obrhel 1964 H75
`--*C. leiotheca Obrhel 1964 H75
Claviradix Ferguson 1961 H75
`--*C. ashi Ferguson 1961 H75
Palaeocoryne Duncan & Jenkins 1869 H75
Coptocampylodon Elliott 1963 H75
`--*C. lineolatus Elliott 1963 H75
Cystosphaera Flower 1961 H75
`--*C. rotunda Flower 1961 H75
Dicasignetella Keij 1969 H75
`--*D. eocaenica Keij 1969 H75
Draffania Cummings 1957 H75
`--*D. biloba Cummings 1957 H75
Eliasites Flower 1961 H75
`--*E. pedunculatus Flower 1961 H75
Eotaeniopsis Eisenack 1955 H75
`--*E. articulata Eisenack 1955 H75
Fentonites Flower 1961 H75
`--*F. irregularis Flower 1961 H75
Gochtia Eisenack 1968 H75
`--*G. rete Eisenack 1968 H75
Goldringella Flower 1961 H75
`--*G. plana Flower 1961 H75
Harjesia Flower 1961 H75
`--*H. anomala Flower 1961 H75
Hikorocodium Endo 1951 [=Hicorocodium (l. c.)] H75
`--*H. elegantae Endo 1951 H75
Hydrocytium silicula Matthew 1890 H75
Induropilarius Deflandre & Ters in Ters & Deflandre 1966 H75
`--*I. aenigmaticus Deflandre & Ters in Ters & Deflandre 1966 H75
Ivesella Flower 1961 H75
`--*I. adnata Flower 1961 H75
Kockelites Alberti 1968 H75
`--*K. longus Alberti 1968 H75
Kruschevia Flower 1961 H75
`--*K. verruca Flower 1961 H75
Lacrymorphus Elliott 1958 H75
`--*L. perplexus Elliott 1958 H75
Ladinella Ott in Kraus & Ott 1968 H75
`--*L. porata Ott in Kraus & Ott 1968 H75
Ladinosphaera Oberhauser 1940 H75
`--*L. geometrica Oberhauser 1940 H75
Lamellitubus Ott in Kraus & Ott 1968 H75
`--*L. cauticus Ott in Kraus & Ott 1968 H75
Linotolypa Eisenack 1962 H75
`--*L. arcuata Eisenack 1962 H75
Lombardia Brönnimann 1955 H75
|--*L. arachnoidea Brönnimann 1955 H75
|--L. angulata H75
`--L. perplexa H75
Microrhabdulaceae EB93
Microrhabduloidus Deflandre 1963 H75
`--*M. rugosus (Bouché 1962) [=Microrhabdulus rugosus] H75
Microrhabdulus Deflandre 1959 H75
`--*M. decoratus Deflandre 1959 H75
Microtubus Flügel 1964 H75
`--*M. communis Flügle 1964 H75
Mooreopsis Flower 1961 H75
`--*M. rotundus Flower 1961 H75
Moundia Flower 1961 H75
`--*M. fibrosa Flower 1961 H75
Niccumites Flower 1961 H75
`--*N. oculatus Flower 1961 H75
Palambages Wetzel 1961 H75
`--*P. morulosa Wetzel 1961 H75
Palamphimorphium Deflandre & Ters in Ters & Deflandre 1966 H75
`--*P. speciosum Deflandre & Ters in Ters & Deflandre 1966 H75
Paleocryptidium Deflandre 1955 H75
`--*P. cayeuxi Deflandre 1955 H75
Papinochium Deflandre & Ters in Ters & Deflandre 1966 H75
`--*P. dubium Deflandre & Ters in Ters & Deflandre 1966 H75
Pedicellaria Flower 1961 H75
`--*P. bifurcata Flower 1961 H75
Pictonicopila Deflandre & Ters 1966 H75
`--*P. polymorpha Deflandre & Ters 1966 H75
Plutoneptunites Deflandre 1961 H75
`--*P. antarcticus Deflandre 1961 H75
Polysiphonidia Eisenack 1971 H75
`--*P. enigmatica Eisenack 1971 H75
Pyritella Love 1958 H75
`--*P. polygonalis Love 1958 H75
Pyritosphaera Love 1958 H75
`--*P. barbaria Love 1958 H75
Skylonia Thomas 1961 H75
`--*S. mirabilis Thomas 1961 H75
Slocomia Flower 1961 H75
`--*S. quadrata Flower 1961 H75
Spinophenia Szczechuria 1969 H75
`--*S. multituba Szczechuria 1969 H75
Tetrabrachiophora Eisenack 1954 H75
`--*T. natans Eisenack 1954 H75
Tholella Flower 1961 H75
`--*T. idiotica Flower 1961 H75
Triangulina Quilty 1970 H75
`--*T. aequilateralis Quilty 1970 H75
Urnulella Szczechura 1969 H75
`--*U. costata Szczechura 1969 H75
Vallenia Raunsgaard Pedersen 1967 H75, G79
`--*V. erlingi Raunsgaard Pedersen 1967 G79
Voorthuyseniella Szczechura 1969 H75
`--*V. lageniformae Szczechura 1969 H75
Warthinites Flower 1961 H75
`--*W. adhaerens Flower 1961 H75
Xenokalymma Eisenack 1968 H75
`--*X. trematophora Eisenack 1968 H75
Argonevis Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*A. nuda Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Limolepis Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*L. interruptus Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Erinea Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*E. triassica Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Venerella Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Nemotapis Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Cornuvacites Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Irinella Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*I. canalifera Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Bogschites Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*B. carnicus Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Havinellites Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*H. spinosus Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Strechoritina Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*S. radiata Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Uvanogelia Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*U. incurvata Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Radimonis Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*R. foliacea Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Placerotapis Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*P. subplanus Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Fanerocoelia Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
`--*F. pennata Kozur & Mostler 1972 H75
Bavlinella Shepeleva 1962 [incl. Sphaerocongregus Moorman 1974] G79
`--‘*Sphaerocongregus’ variabilis Moorman 1974 G79
Beltanelloides Sokolov 1965 G79
`--*B. sorichevae Sokolov 1965 G79
Beltanelliformis Menner 1968 EL11, G79
`--*B. brunsae Menner 1963 G79
Bronicella podolica EL11
Corumbella werneri EL11
Funisia dorothea EL11
Hadrynichorde catalenensis EL11
Hadryniscala avalonica EL11
Lomosovis malus EL11
Palaeopascichnida G14
Paracharina dengyingensis EL11
Parviscopa bonavistensis EL11
Primocandelabrum hemialoranum EL11
Somatohelix sinuosus EL11
Yangtziramulus zhangi EL11
Anabylia improvisa EL11
Archangelia valdaica EL11
Barmia lobatus EL11
Blackbrookia oaksi EL11
Bonata septata EL11
Elasenia EL11
|--E. aseevae EL11
`--E. uralica EL11
Evmiaksia aksionovi EL11
Garania petali EL11
Gehlingia dibrachida EL11
Glaessneria imperfecta EL11
Irridinitus multiradiatus EL11
Ivesheadia lobata EL11
Jampolium wyrzhykoowskii EL11
Kaisalia EL11
|--K. levis EL11
`--K. mensae EL11
Kubisia glabra EL11
Nadalina yukonensis EL11
Namiana bakeevi EL11
Nimbia EL11
|--N. dniesteri EL11
|--N. occlusa EL11
`--N. paula EL11
Paliella patelliformis EL11
Platyopholinia pholata EL11
Ramellina pennata EL11
Sekwia excentrica EL11
Shepshedia palmata EL11
Stauinidia crucicula EL11
Vendella EL11
|--V. haelenicae EL11
`--V. sokolovi EL11
Veprina undosa EL11
Vladimissa missarzhevskii EL11
Annulina Terquem 1862 (n. d.) LT64b
`--*A. metensis Terquem 1862 LT64b
Cylidria Desvoidy 1830 [=Cylindria (l. c.) non de Gregorio 1930] LT64b
Balanulina Rzehak 1888 (n. d.) LT64b
`--*B. kittlii Rzehak 1888 (n. d.) LT64b
Millarella Carter 1888 LT64b
`--*M. cantabrigiensis Carter 1888 LT64b
Spongina de Gregorio 1930 LT64b
`--*S. permica (de Gregorio 1930) [=Globigerina (*Spongina) permica] LT64b
Terquemina Galloway 1933 LT64b
`--*T. devonica Galloway 1933 LT64b
Callimastix cyclopsis HAJ00
Adelphamoeba galeacystis LB90
Anthophysa vegetans H04
Poteriodendron petiolatum H04
Uvella glaucoma H04
Rigifilida AS12
|--Micronuclearia AS12
`--Rigifila AS12
Actinocoma AS12
Adinomonas AS12
Aletium AS12
Amphimonas AS12
Amylophagus AS12
Aphelidiopsis AS12
Asterocaelum AS12
Asthmatos AS12
Aurospora AS12
Bertarellia AS12
Bertramia AS12
Bjornbergiella AS12
Bodopsis AS12
Boekelovia AS12
Branchipocola AS12
Camptoptyche AS12
Chalarodora AS12
Cibdelia AS12
Cichkovia AS12
Cladomonas AS12
Codonoeca AS12
Coelosporidium AS12
Copromonas AS12
Cyanomastix AS12
Cyclomonas AS12
Cytamoeba AS12
Dallingeria AS12
Dictyomyxa AS12
Dimastigamoeba AS12
Dinemula AS12
Diplocalium AS12
Diplomita AS12
Diplophysalis AS12
Diploselmis AS12
Dobellia AS12
Dobellina AS12
Ducelleria AS12
Ectobiella AS12
Elaeorhanis cincta G84
Embryocola AS12
Endemosarca AS12
Endobiella AS12
Endomonas AS12
Endospora AS12
Enteromyxa AS12
Eperythrocytozoon AS12
Errera AS12
Fromentella AS12
Gymnococcus AS12
Gymnophrydium AS12
Haematotractidium AS12
Hartmannina AS12
Heliobodo AS12
Heliomonas AS12
Hermisenella AS12
Hillea AS12
Hyalodaktylethra AS12
Immnoplasma AS12
Isoselmis AS12
Joyeuxella AS12
Kamera AS12
Liegeosia AS12
Lymphocytozoon AS12
Lymphosporidium AS12
Macappella AS12
Magosphaera AS12
Malpighiella AS12
Martineziella AS12
Megamoebomyxa AS12
Meringosphaera AS12
Mononema AS12
Myrmicisporidium AS12
Naupliicola AS12
Nephrodinium AS12
Neurosporidium AS12
Ovicola AS12
Palisporomonas AS12
Paradinemula AS12
Paramastix AS12
Paraplasma AS12
Parastasiella AS12
Peliainia AS12
Peltomonas AS12
Petasaria AS12
Phanerobia AS12
Phloxamoeba AS12
Phyllomonas AS12
Physcosporidium AS12
Piridium AS12
Pleuromastix AS12
Protenterospora AS12
Rhynchodinium AS12
Schewiakoffia AS12
Sergentella AS12
Serpentoplasma AS12
Sphaerasuctans AS12
Spiriopsis AS12
Spirogregarian AS12
Stephanomonas AS12
Strobilomonas AS12
Thaulirens AS12
Topsentella AS12
Toshiba AS12
Toxocystis AS12
Vavraia culicis L91
Concentricisporites bianulatus (Neves 1961) DV06
Ovalipollis pseudoalatus DV06
Pityosporites neomundanus DV06
Kyrtomisporis ervii Van der Eem 1983 DV06
Cotyledion tyloides Luo & Hu in Luo et al. 1999 AH07
Cyclomedusa Sprigg 1947 G14, G79 (see below for synonymy)
|--*C. davidi Sprigg 1947 G79
|--‘Madigania’ annulata EL11
|--C. delicata EL11
|--C. gigantea G79
|--C. minima EL11
|--C. plana G79
|--C. radiata EL11
`--‘Spriggia’ wadei EL11
Caudina cauda Gnilovskaya 1979 G14
Pleraplysilla minchini PP64
Corbulomya maeotica PP64
Biflabellum anthophyllum PP64
Carteria subcordiformis PP64
Myxastrum G84
|--M. liguricum Gruber 1884 G84
`--M. radians G84
Dorimorphe Audouin & Milne-Edwards 1832 [=Dorimorpha Herrmannsen 1852] BR17
Conusphaeraceae EB93
|--Eoconusphaera zlambachensis Jafar 1983 EB93
`--Conusphaera rothii EB93
Fasciculithus [Fasciculithaceae] EB93
|--F. magnus Bukry & Percival 1971 EB93
`--F. thomasii Perch-Nielsen 1971 EB93
Goniolithus [Goniolithaceae] EB93
`--G. fluckigeri Deflandre 1957 EB93
Heliolithus [Heliolithaceae] EB93
|--H. elegans EB93
`--H. megastypus EB93
Trochoaster [Lithostromationaceae] EB93
|--T. deflandrei EB93
`--T. simplex Klumpp 1953 EB93
Prinsiosphaera Jafar 1983 EB93
`--P. triassica Jafar 1983 EB93
Scampanella Forchheimer & Stradner 1973 EB93
`--S. bispinosa Perch-Nielsen 1977 EB93
Lapideacassis Black 1971 EB93
`--L. mariae Black 1971 EB93
Triquetrorhabdulus [Triquetrorhabdulaceae] EB93
|--T. carinatus Martini 1965 EB93
`--T. striatus Muller 1974 EB93
Calpionellidea HW93
|--Colomiella Bonet 1956 [Colomiellidae] HW93
`--Calpionellidae HW93
|--Chitinoidella HW93
`--Tintinnopsella Colom 1948 HW93
Cyclomedusa Sprigg 1947 G14, G79 [incl. Madigania Sprigg 1949 non Whitley 1945 G79, Spriggia Southcott 1958 G79]
Eukaryota [Actinopodea, Acyttaria, Alternatia, Anisomonadea, Anisomonadia, Aphrotoraca, Archaeprotista, Archimycetes, Autotractea, Axostylaria, Biciliata, Bikonta, Cabozoa, Cnidosporidia, Cyathobodonea, Cyclia, Discoba, Eolouka, Eosarcodina, Eozoa, Euglenobiontes, Eukarya, Eukaryotae, Eurymonada, Eustomata, Excavata, Extrumonada, Flagellata, Fungilli, Gymnica, Gymnomycota, Gymnomyxa, Heliozoia, Heterozooflagellata, Histionia, Histionida, Hydraulea, Infusoria, Isomita, Jakobidea, Kinetomonada, Kinetomonadea, Mastigogenina, Mastigophora, Metakaryota, Monocyphia, Mycetozoia, Myxothallophyta, Neomonada, Neosarcodina, Neosporidia, Panstomata, Pantostomata, Phycomycetes, Phytomastigophorea, Plasmodroma, Plasmodromata, Polystomata, Proterozoa, Protista, Protoctista, Protomycota, Protoneozoa, Protophyta, Protoplasta, Protozoa, Pseudoplasmodida, Rhizoflagellata, Rhizomastigina, Rhizopoda, Rhizopodea, Rhizopodes, Rhizopodia, Sarcodea, Sarcodina, Sarcomastigophora, Sarcomastigota, Sarkodina, Sorophora, Sorophorae, Sorophoreae, Sorophorina, Symplectomeres, Tetramitacea, Thecomonadia, Varicristia, Vermes, Zoomastigina, Zoomastigophorea, Zoophyta]
Malawimonas O’Kelly & Nerad 1999 C-S18, AS12 [Malawimonadea, Malawimonadida, Malawimonadidae, Neolouka]
*Meghystrichosphaeridium chadianensis (Chen & Liu 1986) [incl. M. acrotrichum Yin in Yin & Liu 1988, Tianzhushania tuberifera] X04
Neozoa [Adjungentiidae, Athalamia, Athalamida, Homogenea, Mastigiomycota, Protrudentiidae, Reticulolobosa, Testacea, Testareticulosina] C-S10
Porocystis globularis (Giebel 1853) Han62 [=Siphonia globularis H75; incl. Araucarites wardi Hill 1893 H75, *Porocystis pruniformis Cragin 1893 H75]
*Sphairionia sikuoides Tien 1989 [incl. Soroorina ghezelbashi Baghbani 1993 (n. n.), Sp. (*Pseudosphairionia) tienii Pronina 1996] VH01
*Type species of generic name indicated
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