Toryminae

Female Torymoides kiesenwetteri, photographed by El Gritche.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Monodontomerini, Podagrion, Torymini.

The Toryminae as recognised herein was supported as monophyletic in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Chalcidoidea by Heraty et al. (2013); it had been treated as two separate subfamilies Toryminae and Monodontomerinae by Bouček (1988). The majority of members of this clade are parasitic; many are metallic in coloration. Members of the Podagrionini and Chrysochalcissini have enlarged hind femora with a number of ventral teeth; a single ventral tooth may be present on a less enlarged hind femur in Monodontomerini and Microdontomerini. The Podagrionini are parasites of mantis oothecae (Bouček 1988).

<==Toryminae [Monodontomerinae, Torymoidini]
    |  i. s.: Odopoia Walker 1871 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |           |--*O. atra B88
    |           |--O. dentatinota (Girault 1925) [=*Australtorymus dentatinotus; incl. *Ua maria Girault 1929] B88
    |           |--O. josephinae Bouček 1988 B88
    |           `--O. philippiae [=*Pauliana philippiae] B88
    |--Chalcimerus [Chalcimerini] B88
    |    `--C. borceai HB13
    |--+--Platykula albihirta MH11
    |  `--Boucekinus tatianae MH11
    `--+--Glyphomerus stigma HB13
       `--+--+--Monodontomerini HB13
          |  `--+--Palachiini HB13
          |     |    |--Palachia hayati MH11
          |     |    `--Propalachia borneana HB13
          |     `--Podagrionini [Podagrioninae] HB13
          |          |  i. s.: Pachytomoides Girault 1913 B88
          |          |           |--*P. mirus Girault 1913 B88
          |          |           |--P. bicinctus Girault 1929 B88
          |          |           |--P. frater Girault 1915 B88
          |          |           `--P. queenslandicus Girault 1913 B88
          |          |--Podagrionella Girault 1913 MH11, B88 [incl. Iridophaga Picard 1933 B88]
          |          |    |--*P. bella Girault 1913 B88
          |          |    |--P. blepharodesi [=Podagrion blepharodesi, Iridophaga blepharodesi] B88
          |          |    |--P. empusae [=Podagrion empusae, Iridophaga empusae] B88
          |          |    |--P. korsakowi [=Iridophaga korsakowi] B88
          |          |    `--P. lichtensteini [=*Iridophaga lichtensteini] B88
          |          `--+--Propachytomoides Girault 1917 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
          |             |    |--*P. semialbiclavus Girault 1917 B88
          |             |    |--P. fasciatipennis (Girault 1914) [=*Podagrionella fasciatipennis] B88
          |             |    |--P. pentlandensis (Girault 1913) [=Podagrionella pentlandensis] B88
          |             |    `--P. spilopterion (Cameron 1912) [=Podagrion spilopterion, Propodagrion spilopterion] B88
          |             `--+--Mantiphaga MH11
          |                `--Podagrion MH11
          `--+--+--Torymini HB13
             |  `--Pseudotorymus sapphyrinus HB13
             `--+--Echthrodape Burks 1969 HB13, B88 [Echthrodapinae]
                |    |--*E. africana B88
                |    `--E. papuana Bouček 1988 B88
                `--Microdontomerini [Erimerinae, Erimerini] HB13
                     |  i. s.: Hyperimerus Girault 1917 G17
                     |         `--*H. corvus Girault 1917 G17
                     |--+--Idarnotorymus pulcher HB13
                     |  `--Pseuderimerus HB13
                     |       |--P. luteus MH11
                     |       `--+--P. burgeri MH11
                     |          `--Erimerus wickhami MH11
                     `--+--Microdontomerus MH11
                        `--+--Chrysochalcissini B88
                           |    |--Oopristus B88
                           |    `--Chrysochalcissa Girault 1915 MH11, B88
                           |         `--*C. olivacea Girault 1915 B88
                           `--+--Torymoides Walker 1871 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
                              |    |--*T. amabilis B88
                              |    |--T. acaciae (Cameron 1912) [=Callimone (l. c. for Callimome) acaciae B88
                              |    |--T. aligherini (Girault 1927) [=Macrodontomerus aligherini] B88
                              |    |--T. antipoda (Kirby 1883) [=Callimome antipoda] B88
                              |    |--‘*Dimeromicrus’ ashmeadi B88
                              |    |--T. atricornis (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus atricornis] B88
                              |    |--T. australiensis (Girault 1913) [=Dimeromicrus australiensis] B88
                              |    |--T. capricornis (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus capricornis] B88
                              |    |--T. cinctiventris (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus cinctiventris] B88
                              |    |--T. daonus (Walker 1838) [=Callimome daonus] B88
                              |    |--‘*Didactyliocerus’ dispar B88
                              |    |--T. eucalypti (Ashmead 1900) [=Torymus eucalypti] B88
                              |    |--T. iole (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus iole] B88
                              |    |--T. justitia (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus justitia] B88
                              |    |--T. kiesenwetteri (Mayr 1875) (see below for synonymy) B88
                              |    |--T. osinius (Walker 1839) [=Callimome osinius] B88
                              |    |--T. semisanguineus (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus semisanguineus] B88
                              |    |--T. triangularis (Girault 1913) [=Macrodontomerus triangularis] B88
                              |    |--T. unguttatipennis (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus unguttatipennis] B88
                              |    |--T. unimaculatus (Girault 1913) [=*Macrodontomerus unimaculatus] B88
                              |    `--T. vibidia (Walker 1839) [=Callimome vibidia] B88
                              `--+--Eridontomerus Crawford 1907 HB13, GM79
                                 |    `--E. arrabonicus MH11
                                 `--Ditropinotus MH11

Odopoia Walker 1871 [incl. Australtorymus Girault 1925, Pauliana Risbec 1952, Ua Girault 1929; Odopoiini] B88

Propachytomoides Girault 1917 MH11, B88 [incl. Podagrionella Girault 1914 non Girault 1913 B88]

Torymoides Walker 1871 MH11, B88 [incl. Didactyliocerus Masi 1916 B88, Dimeromicrus Crawford 1910 B88, Macrodontomerus Girault 1913 B88]

Torymoides kiesenwetteri (Mayr 1875) [=Holaspis kiesenwetteri, Dimeromicrus kiesenwetteri] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.