Pseudocaecilioidea

Trichopsocus clarus, photographed by Alby Oakshott.

Belongs within: Homilopsocidea.
Contains: Trichocaeciliinae, Pseudocaeciliinae.

The Pseudocaecilioidea are a clade of bark lice usually found on living foliage. Members include the Calopsocidae, in which the fore wings have the membrane densely setose and are often more or less coriaceous (New & Lienhard 2007).

Characters (from Yoshizawa 2002): Small to middle in size, about 2–4 mm. Coloration variable. Usually living-foliage dwellers, except for some genera of Pseudocaeciliidae (e.g. Ophiodopelma). Vertex generally rounded but strongly angled in Calopsocidae; postclypeus not strongly bulged; epistomal suture faint dorsally, without broad internal ridge; anteclypeus sclerotized. Forewing veins with more than one row of setae; marginal setae crossing on anterior margin or not (Trichopsocidae). Apex of first axillary sclerite broadened. Hindwing veins and margins setose; Rs and M + Cu separate or fused for short distance basally; Rs and M fused. Tarsi usually 2-segmented; claws with or without preapical tooth; pulvillus broad. Abdomen with eversible vesicles ventrally except some dead-foliage dwelling taxa in Pseudocaeciliidae. Male genitalia: hypandrium articulated laterally with clunium or not (Trichopsocidae); with or without (Trichopsocidae) lateral projection and lateral bristle. Phallosome: aedeagus pointed apically; parameres long, extending far beyond aedeagus; endophallus with or without (Trichopsocidae and some genera of Pseudocaeciliidae) rod-like sclerites. Female genitalia: subgenital plate with well-developed egg guide extending from dorsal margin; egg guide 2-lobed, each bearing 1 or 2 apical setae. Gonapophyses complete; ventral valve usually with dorsal lobe apically; dorsal valve with dorsal lobe and subapical process; external valve variable, bearing many long bristles.

<==Pseudocaecilioidea
    |--Trichopsocus Kolbe 1882 SN08 [Trichopsocidae Y02]
    |    |--T. dalii (McLachlan 1867) M93 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--T. brincki Badonnel 1963 L98
    |    |--T. clarus (Banks 1908) SN08 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--T. coloratus Lienhard 1983 L98
    |    |--T. difficilis Lienhard 19096 L98
    |    |--T. fastusosus (Navás 1915) [=Caecilius fastuosus; incl. T. harteni Lienhard 1983] L98
    |    `--T. marmoratus (Hagen 1865) [=Psocus marmoratus] L98
    `--+--Pseudocaeciliidae Y02
       |    |  i. s.: Howeanum Smithers 1995 SN08
       |    |           |--*H. huberi Smithers 1995 SN08
       |    |           |--H. costale (Thornton & New 1977) [=Austropsocus costalis] SN08
       |    |           `--H. tasmaniensis Schmidt & New 2008 SN08
       |    |         Trimerocaecilius Meinander 1978 SN04
       |    |           |--*T. popovi Meinander 1978 L98
       |    |           `--T. becheti Meinander 1978 L98
       |    |         Cladioneura Enderlein 1906 SN08
       |    |           |  i. s.: C. foliata Smithers 1984 T13
       |    |           |--*C. (Cladioneura) pulchripennis Enderlein 1906 SN08
       |    |           `--C. (Scytopsocus) M74
       |    |                |--C. (S.) coriacea (Roesler 1940) [=Scytopsocus coriaceus] M74
       |    |                `--C. (S.) difficilis M74
       |    |--Trichocaeciliinae L02
       |    |--Pseudocaeciliinae NL07
       |    |--Electropsocus [Electropsocinae] NL07
       |    `--Zelandopsocinae NL07
       |         |--*Novopsocus stenopterus (Thornton & Smithers 1977) (see below for synonymy) NL07
       |         |--Zelandopsocus Tillyard 1923 SN04
       |         |    `--*Z. formosellus NL07
       |         `--Austropsocus Smithers 1962 NL07, SN08
       |              |--*A. insularis Smithers 1962 SN08
       |              |--A. antennalis Thornton & New 1977 SN08
       |              |--A. nimbosus M83
       |              |--A. novoguinensis (Thornton & Smithers 1977) [=Zelandopsocus novoguinensis] NL07
       |              |--A. perforatus Thornton & Smithers 1977 NL07
       |              |--A. sinuosus (Banks 1939) [=Zelandopsocus sinuosus] SN08
       |              |--A. tibialis Thornton & New 1977 SN08
       |              `--A. viridis (Enderlein 1903) [=Philotarsus viridis] SN08
       `--Calopsocidae [Neurosemidae] Y02
            |--Callistoptera [Callistopteridae, Callistopterinae] NL07
            |    `--*C. anna Enderlein 1903 NL07
            `--Calopsocinae NL07
                 |--*Calosema browningae Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |--*Dendropsocus swartensis Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |--*Nemupsocus lobatus New 1978 NL07
                 |--Torrepsocus NL07
                 |    |--*T. pulleni (Smithers 1981) [=Dirla pulleni] NL07
                 |    `--T. novoguinensis Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |--Cyclopsocus NL07
                 |    |--*C. hyalinus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--C. gressitti Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--C. hyaloides Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--C. navasi (New 1978) NL07
                 |    `--C. straatmani Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |--Neurosema NL07
                 |    |--*N. apicale McLachlan 1866 NL07
                 |    |--N. alobum Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--N. dimorphum Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    |--N. pulchroides Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                 |    `--N. pulchrum New 1978 NL07
                 `--Calopsocus [incl. Dirla, Mindaus] NL07
                      |  i. s.: C. apicatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |         C. gorokensis Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |         C. iridescens Banks 1920 NL07
                      |         C. irretitus [=*Mindaus irretitus] NL07
                      |         C. maculatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |         C. yatesi Smithers 1995 S95
                      |--C. infelix group NL07
                      |    |--*C. infelix (Hagen 1858) [=Psocus infelix] NL07
                      |    |--C. guttatus Smithers 1967 NL07
                      |    |--C. koridensis New 1978 NL07
                      |    `--C. solomonensis Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |--C. marginatus gorup NL07
                      |    |--C. furcatus (New 1978) NL07
                      |    |--C. javanus (Navás 1924) [=*Dirla javana] NL07
                      |    `--C. marginatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |--C. reticulatus group NL07
                      |    |--C. reticulatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      |    `--C. reticuloides Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                      `--C. rizali group NL07
                           |--C. ovatus Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                           |--C. pallistigma Thornton & Smithers 1984 NL07
                           `--C. rizali Banks 1916 NL07

*Novopsocus stenopterus (Thornton & Smithers 1977) [=Zelandopsocus stenopterus, Austropsocus stenopterus] NL07

Trichopsocus clarus (Banks 1908) SN08 [=Caecilius clarus SN08, Pseudocaecilius clarus M93; incl. Trichopsocus acuminatus Badonnel 1943 M93, T. australis Edwards 1950 SN08]

Trichopsocus dalii (McLachlan 1867) M93 [=Caecilius dalii M93, Philotarsus dalii G74, Trichopsocus dalei L98; incl. T. hirtellus var. angulata Navás 1916 M93, C. hirtellus McLachlan 1877 M93, *T. hirtellus SN08, T. kolosvaryi Danks 1950 L98]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G74] Günther, K. K. 1974. Staubläuse, Psocoptera. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 61: 1–315.

[L02] Li F. 2002. Psocoptera of China vol. 1. Science Press: Beijing.

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[M74] Mockford, E. L. 1974. Records and descriptions of Cuban Psocoptera. Entomologica Americana 48 (2): 103–215.

[M93] Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Sandhill Crane Press, Inc.

[NL07] New, T. R., & C. Lienhard. 2007. The Psocoptera of Tropical South-east Asia. Brill: Leiden.

[SN04] Schmidt, E. R., & T. R. New. 2004. A systematic and phylogenetic revision of the family Elipsocidae (Insecta: Psocoptera), with the erection of two new families: Lesneiidae and Sabulopsocidae. Invertebrate Systematics 18: 157–213.

[SN08] Schmidt, E. R., & T. R. New. 2008. The Psocoptera (Insecta) of Tasmania, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 65: 71–152.

[S95] Smithers, C. N. 1995. Psocoptera (Insecta) of Christmas Island. Invertebrate Taxonomy 9: 529–561.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.

[Y02] Yoshizawa, K. 2002. Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 371–400.

Last updated: 10 August 2020.