Glyptosphaeritida

Specimen of Gomphocystites bownockeri, from the Field Museum; scale bar equals 1 cm.

Belongs within: Diploporita.

The Glyptosphaeritida are a group of Lower Ordovician to Middle Silurian cystoids bearing radial ambulacra with alternating lateral branches.

Characters (from Kesling 1967): Diplopore-bearing cystoids with globular, ovate, pear-shaped, or saclike thecae. Ambulacra radial, extending over theca, with alternating lateral branches ( single or in groups) leading to brachiole facets; in many genera, ambulacra bordered by alternating "adambulacrals" on which facets are located. Diplopores invariably present on ambulacra-bearing plates, in some forms also in the interambulacral areas. Most with column, a few molting column as adults.

<==Glyptosphaeritida K67 [Seriolata]
    |--Dactylocystidae [Estonocystidae] K67
    |    |--Revalocystis Jaekel 1918 K67
    |    |    `--*R. mickwitzi (Jaekel 1899) [=Dactylocystis mickwitzi] K67
    |    |--Estonocystis Jaekel 1918 [=Esthonocystis Chauvel 1941] K67
    |    |    `--*E. antropoffi Jaekel 1918 [=*Esthonocystis antropoffi] K67
    |    `--Dactylocystis Jaekel 1899 [=Proteroblastus Jaekel 1895 (n. n.)] K67
    |         `--*D. schmidti Jaekel 1899 K67 [=*Proteroblastus schmidti J18]
    `--+--Glyptosphaerites Müller 1854 (see below for synonymy) K67
       |    |--*G. leuchtenbergi (Volborth 1846) [=Sphaeronites leuchtenbergi, *Glyptosphaera leuchtenbergi] K67
       |    |    |--G. l. leuchtenbergi K67
       |    |    `--G. l. hispanicus K67
       |    |--G. ferrigenus K67
       |    |--G. mariae K67
       |    `--G. suecicus K67
       `--+--Protocrinitidae [Protocrinidae] K67
          |    |--Eumorphocystis Branson & Peck 1940 [Eumorphocystidae] K67
          |    |    `--E. multiporata Branson & Peck 1940 K67
          |    |--Regnellicystis Bassler 1950 [Regnellicystidae] K67
          |    |    `--*R. typicalis Bassler 1950 K67
          |    |--Fungocystites Barrande 1887 [=Fungocystis Haeckel 1896] K67
          |    |    |--*F. rarissimus Barrande 1887 [=*Fungocystis rarissima] K67
          |    |    `--F. solitarius K67
          |    `--Protocrinites Eichwald 1840 [=Protocrinus Bronn 1848] K67
          |         |--*P. oviformis Eichwald 1840 [=*Protocrinus oviformis] K67
          |         |--P. fragum K67
          |         |--P. rugatus A99
          |         `--P. sparsiporus K67
          `--Gomphocystitidae [Gomphocystidae] K67
               |--Pyrocystites Barrande 1887 [=Pirocystis Bather 1889, Pyrocistis Carpenter 1891] K67
               |    |--*P. pirum Barrande 1887 [=*Pirocystis pirum, *Pyrocistis pirum] K67
               |    |--P. incertus K67
               |    |--P. orientalis K67
               |    `--P. patulus K67
               `--Gomphocystites Hall 1865 [=Gomphocystis Angelin 1878] K67
                    |--*G. glans Hall 1864 [=*Gomphocystis glans] K67
                    |--G. bownockeri K67
                    |--G. californicus Stauffer 1930 K67
                    |--G. clavus K67
                    |--G. gotlandicus K67
                    |--G. indianensis K67
                    `--G. tenax K67

Glyptosphaerites Müller 1854 [=Glyptosphaera Angelin 1878, Glyptosphora (l. c.); Glyptosphaeridae, Glyptosphaeritidae] K67

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A99] Ausich, W. I. 1999. Origin of crinoids. In Echinoderm Research 1998 (M. D. Candia Carnevali & F. Bonasoro, eds) pp. 237-242. A. A. Balkema: Rotterdam.

[J18] Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3: 1-128.

[K67] Kesling, R. V. 1967. Cystoids. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt. S. Echinodermata 1. General characters. Homalozoa-Crinozoa (except Crinoidea) (R. C. Moore, ed.) vol. 1 pp. S85-S267. The Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).