Adephaga

Haliplus lineatocollis, photographed by Christoph Benisch.

Belongs within: Coleoptera.
Contains: Gyrinidae, Geadephaga, Dytiscoidea.

The Adephaga is a major clade of mostly predatory beetles. Adephaga have sometimes been divided between the terrestrial Geadephaga and the primarily aquatic Hydradephaga, with members of the latter having fringes of stiff hairs on the adult legs (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). However, as not all hydradephagan families are active swimmers and those that are often differ in their adaptations for swimming, it is possible that swimming has evolved multiple times. Some analyses have supported the whirligig beetles of the Gyrinidae as the sister group of other living adephagans (Beutel et al. 2013). Permosialis, known from aquatic larvae from the Permian of Russia previously classified near Megaloptera, may represent a stem relative of the Gyrinidae. Living adephagans also include the Haliplidae, aquatic beetles that swim weakly by alternate movement of the legs, and have extremely large hind coxal plates covering most of the abdominal ventrites (Roughley 2001).

Synapomorphies (from Grimaldi & Engel 2005): Hind coxae immovable; abdominal sternite two divided by hind coxae; pygidial defense glands present; larvae prognathous, with labium and clypeus fused, mouthparts modified for liquid feeding.

<==Adephaga [Carabina, Caraboidea, Glabricornia, Haliploidea, Hydradephaga, Hydrocanthari, Timarchopsinae]
    |  i. s.: Tritarsus Hong 2002 [Tritarsusidae] H02
    |           `--*T. latus Hong 2002 H02
    |--+--Gyrinidae BW13
    |  `--Permosialidae [Perloblattidae, Tologopteridae] R02
    |       |--Permonka R02
    |       `--Permosialis BW13 [incl. Sarbalopterodes R02, Tologoptera R02]
    |            |--P. asiatica R02
    |            `--P. belmontensis Riek 1968 F71
    `--+--Triaplus [Triaplidae] BW13
       |    `--T. laticoxa Ponomarenko 1977 BW13
       `--+--Geadephaga BW13
          `--+--+--Dytiscoidea BW13
             |  `--Bolbonectes BW13
             |       |--B. intermedius S02
             |       `--B. occidentalis Ponomarenko 1993 BW13
             `--Haliplidae BW13
                  |--Peltodytes Régimbart 1872 BW13, R01 [incl. Neopeltodytes Satô 1963 R01]
                  |    |--P. edentulus R01
                  |    `--P. rotundatus RB02
                  `--+--Brychius Thomson 1859 BW13, R01
                     |    |--B. albertanus R01
                     |    |--B. hornii R01
                     |    |--B. hungerfordi Spangler 1954 R01
                     |    `--B. pacificus R01
                     `--Haliplus Latreille 1802 BW13, WM10 (see below for synonymy)
                          |  i. s.: *H. (Haliplus) impressus (Fabricius 1787) [=Dytiscus impressus] WM10
                          |         H. bistriatus Wehncke 1880 LM87
                          |         H. bonariensis Steinh. 1869 R89
                          |         ‘Cnemidotus’ caesus C01
                          |         H. fluviatilis C01
                          |         H. gibbus Clarke 1862 WM10, LM87
                          |         H. mucronatus RB02 [incl. H. badius R89]
                          |         H. obconicus Régimbart 1888 [incl. H. gravidus, H. robustus] R89
                          |         H. obliquus [=Dystiscus obliquus] L02
                          |         H. pinderi GMD11
                          |         H. timmsi WM10
                          |         H. triopsis R01
                          |         H. (Haliplinus Guignot 1939) (see below for synonymy) BB01
                          |         H. (Paraliaphlus Guignot 1930) BB01
                          |           `--H. (P.) leopardus Roberts 1913 B14
                          |         H. (Phalilus Guignot 1935) BB01
                          |--H. (Liaphlus Guignot 1928) BW13, WM10
                          |    |--H. (*L.) fulvus (Fabricius 1801) [=Dytiscus fulvus] WM10
                          |    |--H. (L.) australis Clark 1862 WM10, LM87
                          |    |--H. (L.) halsei Watts & McRae 2010 WM10
                          |    |--H. (L.) pilbaraensis Watts & McRae 2010 WM10
                          |    |--H. (L.) testudo Clark 1862 WM10, LM87
                          |    `--H. (L.) wattsi WM10
                          `--+--Apteraliplus Chandler 1943 BW13, R01
                             |    `--A. parvulus (Roberts 1913) [incl. Haliplus wallisi Hatch 1944] R01
                             `--H. (Neohaliplus Netolitzky 1911) BW13, WM10 [incl. Protohaliplus Scholz 1929 BB01]
                                  |--H. (*N.) lineatocollis (Marsham 1802) [=Dytiscus lineatocollis] WM10
                                  |--H. (N.) fortescueensis Watts & McRae 2010 WM10
                                  |--H. (N.) fuscatus Clark 1862 WM10
                                  `--H. (N.) pinderi Watts & McRae 2010 WM10

Haliplus Latreille 1802 BW13, WM10 [incl. Cnemidotus Illiger 1802 BB01, Haliplidius Guignot 1928 BB01, Hoplitus Clairville 1806 BB01]

Haliplus (Haliplinus Guignot 1939) [incl. Hoplites Kinel 1929 nec Koch 1869 nec Neumayr 1875 nec Eggers 1923] BB01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BW13] Beutel, R. G., B. Wang, J.-J. Tan, S.-Q. Ge, D. Ren & X.-K. Yang. 2013. On the phylogeny and evolution of Mesozoic and extant lineages of Adephaga (Coleoptera, Insecta). Cladistics 29 (2): 147–165.

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[GMD11] George, A. S., N. L. McKenzie & P. Doughty. 2011. A Biodiversity Survey of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia 2002–2007. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78 (1).

Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LM87] Lawrence, J. F., B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke & T. A. Weir. 1987. Zoological Catalogue of Australia vol. 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

[R02] Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002. Cohors Scarabaeiformes Laicharting, 1781. The holometabolans (=Holometabola Burmeister, 1835, =Endopterygota Sharp, 1899, =Oligoneoptera Martynov, 1938). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 157–164. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[R89] Régimbart, M. 1889. Enumération des Haliplidae, Dytiscidae et Gyrinidae recueillis par M.^r le Prof. L. Balzan dans l’Amérique méridionale et description de quelques autres espèces voisines. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 256–268.

[RB02] Ribera, I., R. G. Beutel, M. Balke & A. P. Vogler. 2002. Discovery of Aspidytidae, a new family of aquatic Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B – Biological Sciences 269: 2351–2356.

[R01] Roughley, R. E. 2001. Haliplidae Aubé, 1836. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas (eds) American Beetles vol. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia pp. 138–143. CRC Press: Boca Raton.

[S02] Sinitshenkova, N. D. 2002. Ecological history of the aquatic insects. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 388–426. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[WM10] Watts, C. H. S., & J. McRae. 2010. The identity of Haliplus (Coleoptera: Haliplidae) from the Pilbara region of Australia, including the description of four new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (4): 387–398.

Last updated: 10 November 2018.