Cerithium

Cerithium nodulosum, from Houbrick (1992).

Belongs within: Cerithioidea.

Cerithium is a genus of high-spired marine gastropods found in tropical and subtropical waters with the highest diversity in the Indo-Pacific. This genus has been conflated in the past with a number of superficially similar taxa, some belonging to quite different families. Cerithium species are algal-detritus feeders, mostly grazing on diatoms and other microalgae.

Characteristics (from Houbrick 1992): Shell many whorled, turreted, ranging from ovate to fusiform elongate, and sculptured with variously placed varices, axial ribs, and spiral cords ornamented with beads and nodes. Aperture ovate with crenulated outer lip,distinct anal canal and moderately extended, constricted, slightly reflected anterior siphonal canal. Operculum corneous, ovate, and paucispiral with eccentric nucleus. Mantle edge bilobed with small papillae arising from inner lobe. Propodial mucus gland present; in females, ciliated egg-laying groove on right side of foot. Osphradium elongate, narrow, bipectinate, comprised of tiny leaflets. Hypobranchial gland well developed. Radula taenioglossate. Salivary glands pass through nerve ring; esophageal gland present. Stomach large, with style sac, crystalline style and gastric shield. Nervous system epiathroid. Pallial gonoducts open; pallial oviduct with large spermatophore bursa and small posterior seminal receptacle in medial lamina; anterior seminal receptacle sometimes in lateral lamina. Sperm dimorphic, transferred by spermatophores. Egg mass consisting of gelatinous strings.

<==Cerithium Bruguière 1789 [incl. Ptychocerithium Sacco 1895] DK08
    |--C. nodulosum Bruguière 1792 BW09 (see below for synonymy)
    |--C. abbreviatum Leckenby 1858 F27b
    |--C. album Hombron & Jacquinot 1853 H09
    |--C. aluco Linnaeus 1758 WG71
    |--C. alveolus Hombron & Jacquinot 1854 BW09
    |--C. apheles Tenison-Woods 1878 F71
    |--C. articulatum Adams & Reeve 1850 H09
    |--C. atratum (Born 1778) [incl. C. floridanum f. cruzana Usticke 1959] BC01
    |--C. atromarginatum Dautzenberg & Bouge 1933 BW09
    |--C. australis Quoy & Gaimard 1834 F27a, H09 [=Pyrazus australis H09; incl. Cerithidea alternata F27a]
    |--C. balteatum Philippi 1848 H09
    |--C. bicanaliferum Brazier 1877 H09
    |--C. calculosum Defrance in Basterot 1825 GK02
    |--C. citrinum Sowerby 1855 BW09
    |--C. coarctatum Sowerby 1866 H09
    |--C. columna Sowerby 1831 BW09
    |--C. contractum Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. cribarioides Tenison-Woods 1878 F71
    |--C. (Aluco) cumingi Adams 1855 WG71
    |--C. (Fibula) detectum Stoliczka 1867 S98
    |--C. echinatum Lamarck 1822 BW09
    |--C. egenum Gould 1849 BW09
    |--C. eusmilia Tenison-Woods 1879 F71
    |--C. eximium Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. fasciatum Bruguière 1792 WG71
    |--C. fusiforme Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. gracilentum Mighels 1845 J49
    |--C. graciliforme Sowerby 1865 H09
    |--C. granosum Kiener 1842 H09
    |--C. inaequicostatum Wilckens 1922 (n. d.) F27a
    |--C. kochi Philippi 1848 H09
    |--C. lachensis [=Campanile lachensis; incl. C. giganteum] G92
    |--C. laciniosum Mighels 1845 J49
    |--C. lemniscatum Quoy & Gaimard 1834 H09
    |--C. lifuense Melvill & Standen 1895 BW09
    |--C. lutosum Menke 1828 (see below for synonymy) BC01
    |--C. macrostoma Hinds 1844 H09
    |--C. maculosum Mighels 1845 J49
    |--C. mitraeforme Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. morus Lamarck 1822 H09
    |--C. munitum Sowerby 1855 BW09
    |--C. nesioticum Pilsbry & Vanatta 1905 BW09 (see below for synonymy)
    |--C. nigrobalteatum Smith 1884 H09
    |--C. novaehiberniae Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. novaehollandiae Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. petrosum Wood 1828 H09
    |--C. piperitum Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. pritchardi Harris 1897 [=Potamides semicostatum Tate 1885 (preoc.)] F27b
    |--C. rostratum Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. rubus (Martyn 1784) [=Clava rubus] H09
    |--C. salebrosum Sowerby 1855 BW09
    |--C. salteriana Tenison-Woods 1879 F71
    |--C. scabridum Philippi 1849 BD86
    |--C. taeniatum Sowerby 1865 H09
    |--C. tenellum W01
    |--C. tessellatum Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. torresi Smith 1884 BW09
    |--C. trailli (Sowerby 1855) BW09
    |--C. turritum Sowerby 1855 H09
    |--C. variegatum Quoy & Gaimard 1834 H09
    |--C. wilya Darragh & Kendrick 2008 DK08
    `--C. zonatum (Wood 1828) BW09

Cerithium lutosum Menke 1828 [incl. Thericium biminiense Pilsbry & McGinty 1949, C. variabile var. calcarea Usticke 1959] BC01

Cerithium nesioticum Pilsbry & Vanatta 1905 BW09 [=Semivertagus nesioticus BD86; incl. C. lacteum Kiener 1841 non Philippi 1836 BD86, Liocerithium lacteum BD86]

Cerithium nodulosum Bruguière 1792 WG71 [incl. *Ce. adansonii Bruguière 1792 DK08, Ce. erythraeonense Lamarck 1822 DK08, Contumax hedleyi Viader 1951 L96]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BD86] Barash, A., & Z. Danin. 1986. Further additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrants). Spixiana 9 (2): 117-141.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B. & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1-170.

[BW09] Bryce, C. & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177-208.

[DK08] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2008. Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (3): 217-246.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320-485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488-533.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.

[G92] Gingerich, P. D. 1992. Marine mammals (Cetacea and Sirenia) from the Eocene of Gebel Mokattam and Fayum, Egypt: Stratigraphy, age, and paleoenvironments. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 30: i-ix, 1-84.

[GK02] Gründel, J., & T. Kowalke. 2002. Palaeorissoinidae, a new family of marine and brackish water Rissooidea (Gastropoda, Littorinimorpha). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 226 (1): 43-57.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

Houbrick, R. S. 1992. Monograph of the genus Cerithium Bruguière in the Indo-Pacific (Cerithiidae: Prosobranchia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 510: 1-211.

[J49] Johnson, R. I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 1 (14): 213-231.

[L96] Loch, I. 1996. Notice: R. Viader collection. Molluscan Research 17: 110.

[S98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29-85.

[W01] Williams, J. D. 2001. Polydora and related genera associated with hermit crabs from the Indo-West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with descriptions of two new species and a second polydorid egg predator of hermit crabs. Pacific Science 55 (4): 429-465.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.