Chalcididae

Trigonura sp., copyright Lynn Bergen.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Cratocentrini, Haltichellinae, Epitranus, Dirhininae, Phasgonophorini, Conura, Brachymeria (Brachymeria).

The Chalcididae are a group of chalcidoid wasps characterised by large, ventrally dentate hind femora that are adapted for jumping.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body often large and non-metallic, gaster convex, not collapsing; gena posteriorly with strong carina; thorax strongly punctate, prepectus very small, tegula only slightly longer than broad; hind femur strongly enlarged with teeth on ventral edge.

<==Chalcididae [Chalcidae, Chalcidinae] HB13
    |  i. s.: Spilochalcis mariae B37
    |--+--Cratocentrini HB13
    |  `--Xenanastatus Bouček 1988 MH11, B88
    |       `--*X. partisanguineus (Girault 1923) [=Eupelmus partisanguineus] B88
    `--+--+--Haltichellinae HB13
       |  `--+--+--Epitranus HB13
       |     |  `--Dirhininae HB13
       |     `--Smicromorpha Girault 1913 B88 [incl. Smicromorphella Girault 1930 B88; Smicromorphinae HB13]
       |          |--*S. doddi Girault 1913 [incl. S. cadaverosa Girault 1914] B88
       |          |--S. banksi Naumann 1986 B88
       |          |--S. eudela Naumann 1986 B88
       |          |--S. lagynos Naumann 1986 B88
       |          `--S. minera Girault 1926 [=*Smicromorphella minerva] B88
       `--+--+--Phasgonophorini HB13
          |  `--Conura HB13
          `--+--Trigonura Sichel 1865 HB13, B88 (see below for synonymy)
             |    |--*T. crassicauda [=Phasgonophora (*Trigonura) crassicauda] B88
             |    |--T. algerti HB13
             |    |--T. californica HB13
             |    |--T. euthyrrhinni (Dodd 1921) [=Chalcis euthyrrhini, *Chalcidellia euthyrrhini] B88
             |    |--T. guttatipennis (Girault 1927) [=Chalcidellia guttatipennis] B88
             |    `--‘Chalcidellia’ ucalegon R70
             `--Brachymeria Westwood in Stephens 1829 B88 (see below for synonymy)
                  |  i. s.: B. coloradensis (Cresson 1872) GM79 [incl. Chalcis tachinae Howard 1885 G17, GM79]
                  |         B. femorata (Panzer 1801) G38 [=Chalcis femorata G38; incl. C. ornatipes Cameron 1906 B88]
                  |         B. ovata N91 [=Chalcis ovata B37
                  |           |--B. o. ovata G17
                  |           `--‘Chalcis’ o. abiesae Girault 1917 G17
                  |         B. pedalis (Cresson 1872) GM79
                  |         B. pulchripes Holmgren 1868 B88
                  |         B. tibialis HB13
                  |--B. (Brachymeria) B88
                  |--B. (Australochalcis Girault 1939) B88
                  |    `--B. (*A.) humilicrus (Girault 1939) [=*Australochalcis humilicrus] B88
                  |--B. (Dirrhinomorpha Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) B88
                  |    `--B. (*D.) angusta (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=*Dirrhinomorpha angusta] B88
                  `--B. (Mirochalcis Girault 1915) B88
                       `--B. (*M.) atricorpus (Girault 1915) [=*Mirochalcis atricorpus] B88

Brachymeria Westwood in Stephens 1829 B88 [incl. Ceyxia Cameron 1911 B88, Gahanula Burks 1960 B88, Meyeriella Krausse 1916 B88, Oncochalcis Cameron 1904 B88, Pseudobrachymeria Burks 1960 B88; Brachymerariae, Brachymeriini HB13]

Trigonura Sichel 1865 HB13, B88 [incl. Bactrochalcis Kieffer 1912 B88, Centrochalcidea Gahan & Fagan 1923 B88, Centrochalcis Cameron 1913 non Cameron 1905 B88, Chalcidellia Girault 1924 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B37] Balduf, W. V. 1937. Bionomic notes on the common bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw., (Lepid., Psychidae) and its insect enemies (Hym., Lepid.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 39 (7): 169–184.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G38] Gahan, A. B. 1938. Notes on some genera and species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (8): 209–227.

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted in: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80–101).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466–542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PloS One 6 (11): e27023.

[N91] Naumann, I. D. 1991. Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants, sawflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 916–1000. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[R70] Riek, E. F. 1970. Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 867–959. Melbourne University Press.