Cacatuidae

Sulphur-crested cockatoo Cacatua galerita, copyright Arthur Chapman.

Belongs within: Psittaciformes.

The Cacatuidae, cockatoos, are a group of parrots found in Australasia and the islands of south-east Asia, characterised by the presence of a long, erectile crest (Rutgers & Norris 1972). Most species are large, noisy and gregarious. The cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus is a smaller, slender, long-tailed species that has become widely kept as a cage bird.

<==Cacatuidae [Cacatoinae, Cacatuidae, Cacatuoidea, Kakatoeidae, Kakatoeinae]
    |--‘Calyptorhynchus’ banksii (Latham 1790) BKB15, WS48 [=Psittacus banksii WS48]
    |    |--C. b. banksii WS48
    |    |--C. b. graptogyne M03
    |    |--C. b. macrorhynchus M03 [=C. magnificus macrorhynchus RN72]
    |    |--C. b. naso Gould 1836 WS48 [=C. magnificus naso RN72; incl. C. banksii fitzroyi Mathews 1912 WS48]
    |    `--C. b. samueli M03 [=C. magnificus samueli RN72]
    `--+--+--Nymphicus Wagler 1832 BKB15, JoTo12 (see below for synonymy)
       |  |    |--N. cornutus S13
       |  |    |--N. hollandicus (Kerr 1792) JeTh12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
       |  |    |--‘Calopsittacus’ novaehollaendiae R87
       |  |    `--N. uveaensis S13
       |  `--Calyptorhynchus Desmarest 1826 BKB15, JoTo12 [incl. Zanda JoTo12; Calyptorhynchinae]
       |       |--C. baudinii Lear 1832 JK08 (see below for synonymy)
       |       |--C. funereus JeTh12
       |       |--C. lathami CW03
       |       |    |--C. l. lathami CW03
       |       |    |--C. l. erebus M03
       |       |    `--C. l. halmaturinus CW03
       |       |--C. latirostris Carnaby 1948 JeTh12, JK08 [=C. funereus latirostris SWK87]
       |       `--C. magnificus ZJM03
       `--Cacatuinae JoTo12
            |--Probosciger Kuhl 1820 (see below for synonymy) JoTo12
            |    `--P. aterrimus JeTh12
            |         |--P. a. aterrimus RN72
            |         |--P. a. alecto RN72
            |         |--P. a. goliath RN72
            |         |--P. a. intermedius RN72
            |         `--P. a. stenolophus RN72
            `--Cacatuini JoTo12
                 |--Lophochroa JoTo12
                 |--Callocephalon Lesson 1837 JoTo12, B94 (see below for synonymy)
                 |    `--C. fimbriatum JeTh12
                 `--Cacatua Vieillot 1817 JoTo12 (see below for synonymy)
                      |  i. s.: C. leadbeateri (Vigors 1831) JeTh12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                      |         C. pastinator (Gould 1840) JK08, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                      |           |--C. p. pastinator JK08
                      |           `--C. p. butleri JK08
                      |         C. tenuirostris (Kuhl 1820) JeTh12, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                      |--C. roseicapilla (Vieillot 1817) JeTh12, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                      |    |--C. r. roseicapilla M03
                      |    `--C. r. albiceps M03
                      `--+--+--C. haematuropygia JeTh12
                         |  `--+--C. goffiniana JeTh12 [=C. sanguinea goffini RN72]
                         |     `--+--C. ducorpsii JeTh12
                         |        `--C. sanguinea Gould 1842 JeTh12, WS48 [=Kakatoe sanguinea WS48]
                         |             |--C. s. sanguinea WS48 (see below for synonymy)
                         |             |--C. s. gymnopis M03 [=C. (Licmetis) gymnopis R87, C. pastinator gymnopis SWK87]
                         |             `--C. s. normantoni M03
                         `--+--C. ophthalmica JeTh12 [=C. galerita ophthalmica]
                            `--+--+--C. alba (Statius Müller 1776) JeTh12, CC10 [incl. *C. cristata Vieillot 1817 CC10]
                               |  `--C. moluccensis JeTh12
                               `--+--C. galerita (Latham 1790) JeTh12, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
                                  |    |--C. g. galerita RN72 (see below for synonymy)
                                  |    `--C. g. triton RN72
                                  `--C. sulphurea JeTh12
                                       |--C. s. sulphurea RN72
                                       |--C. s. abbotti RN72
                                       |--C. s. citrinocristata RN72
                                       |--C. s. djampeana RN72
                                       |--C. s. occidentalis RN72
                                       `--C. s. parvula RN72

Cacatua Vieillot 1817 JoTo12 [incl. Cacatoes Duméril 1805 B94, Camptolophus Sundevall 1872 B94, Eolophus Bonaparte 1854 CC10, Kakatoe Cuvier 1800 B94, Plissolophus Gloger 1842 B94, Plyctolophus Vieillot 1816 B94; Camptolophinae, Eolophinae, Plissolophinae, Plyctolophinae]

Cacatua galerita (Latham 1790) JeTh12, CC10 [=Psittacus galeritus CC10, Kakatoe galerita CC10]

Cacatua galerita galerita (Latham 1790) CC10 [incl. Cacatoes galerita fitzroyi Mathews 1912 WS48, Cacatua galerita fitzroyi M03]

Cacatua leadbeateri (Vigors 1831) JeTh12, WS48 [=Plyctolophus leadbeateri WS48, Kakatoe leadbeateri WS48; incl. Cacatua leadbeateri aberrans Söderberg 1912 WS48, Cacatoes leadbeateri mollis Mathews 1912 WS48, Cacatua leadbeateri mollis M03, Cacatoes leadbeateri mungi Mathews 1912 WS48]

Cacatua pastinator (Gould 1840) JK08, WS48 [=Licmetis pastinator WS48, C. tenuirostris pastinator RN72]

Cacatua roseicapilla (Vieillot 1817) JeTh12, CC10 [=Eolophus roseicapillus CC10, Kakatoe roseicapilla WS48; incl. Cacatoes roseicapilla assimilis Mathews 1912 WS48, Cacatua roseicapilla assimilis M03, Eolophus roseicapillus assiniclis RN72, Cacatoes roseicapilla derbyana Mathews 1912 WS48, Cacatua rosea CC10, *Eolophus roseus CC10]

Cacatua sanguinea sanguinea Gould 1842 WS48 [incl. Licmetis tenuirostris derbyi Mathews 1916 WS48, Cacatua derbyi M03, Cacatoes sanguinea subdistincta Mathews 1912 WS48, Cacatua sanguinea subdistincta RN72, Ducorpsius sanguineus westralensis Mathews 1917 WS48, Cacatua sanguinea westralensis M03]

Cacatua tenuirostris (Kuhl 1820) JeTh12, WS48 [=Psittacus tenuirostris WS48, Kakatoe tenuirostris WS48]

Callocephalon Lesson 1837 JoTo12, B94 [incl. Callocorydon Mathews 1917 B94; Callocephaloninae, Callocorydontinae]

Calyptorhynchus baudinii Lear 1832 JK08 [=C. funereus baudinii RN72; incl. C. baudinii tenuirostris Mathews 1913 WS48]

Nymphicus Wagler 1832 JoTo12 [incl. Calopsittus Lesson 1835 B94, Leptolophus Swainson 1833 B94; Calopsittinae, Leptolophinae, Nymphicidae, Nymphicinae]

Nymphicus hollandicus (Kerr 1792) JeTh12, WS48 [=Psittacus hollandicus WS48, Leptolophus hollandicus WS48; incl. L. auricomis intermedius Mathews 1912 WS48, L. auricomis pallescens Mathews 1912 WS48]

Probosciger Kuhl 1820 [incl. Microglossus Vieillot 1822; Microglossinae, Microglossini, Proboscigerini] JoTo12

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[CW03] Cooper, C. E., P. C. Withers, P. R. Mawson, R. Johnstone, T. Kirkby, J. Prince, S. D. Bradshaw & H. Robertson. 2003. Characteristics of marri (Corymbia calophylla) fruits in relation to the foraging behaviour of the forest red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 86 (4): 139–142.

[JeTh12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[JK08] Johnstone, R. E., & T. Kirkby. 2008. Distribution, status, social organisation, movements and conservation of Baudin's cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii) in south-west Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 107–118.

[JoTo12] Joseph, L., A. Toon, E. E. Schirtzinger, T. F. Wright & R. Schodde. 2012. A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes). Zootaxa 3205: 26-40.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[R87] Ramsay, E. P. 1887. List of Western Australian birds collected by Mr. Cairn, and Mr. W. H. Boyer-Bower, at Derby and its vicinity, with remarks on the species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1085–1100.

[RN72] Rutgers, A., & K. A. Norris (eds.) 1972. Encyclopaedia of Aviculture vol. 2. Blandford Press: London.

[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[SWK87] Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.

[ZJM03] Zeffer, A., L. C. Johansson & Å. Marmebro. 2003. Functional correlation between habitat use and leg morphology in birds (Aves). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 79: 461–484.