Prioniodontida

Apparatus elements of Plectodina tenuis, from here.

Belongs within: Conodonti.
Contains: Prioniodontidae, Balognathidae, Cyrtoniodontidae, Prioniodinida, Ozarkodinida.

The Prioniodontida are a group of conodonts characterised by the possession of apparatus including pastinate P elements, though they are believed to be paraphyletic with regard to the Ozarkodinida (with carminate P elements) and Prioniodinida (with digyrate P elements) (Sweet & Donoghue 2001). They first appear in the Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian) in the form of the genus Rossodus, which may include the ancestors the remainder of the clade (Sweet 1988).

<==Prioniodontida [Oistodontidae, Prioniodontacea, Tripodontinae]
    |  i. s.: Acodus Pander 1856 (n. d.) S88
    |           |--*A. erectus Pander 1856 DJ71
    |           |--A. acutus H62
    |           |--A. cambricus Nogami 1967 DJ71
    |           |--A. deltatus PBJ03
    |           |--A. kechikaensis PBJ03
    |           |--A. neodeltatus PBJ03
    |           `--A. oneotensis Furnish 1938 DJ71
    |         Diaphorodus Kennedy 1980 S88
    |--Rossodus Repetski & Ethington 1983 SD01, S88
    |    `--R. manitouensis FEZ05
    `--+--Multioistodontidae SD01
       |    |--Paraprioniodus Ethington & Clark 1982 S88
       |    |    `--P. costatus PBJ03
       |    |--Pteracontiodus Harris & Harris 1965 (see below for synonymy) S88
       |    |    |--P. brevibasis S88
       |    |    `--P. cryptodens PBJ03
       |    `--+--Multoistodus Cullison 1938 S88, H62
       |       |--Neomultioistodus Harris & Harris 1965 S88
       |       |    |--N. auritus S88
       |       |    |--N. compressus S88
       |       |    `--N. clypeus S88
       |       `--Leptochirognathus Branson & Mehl 1943 S88, H62
       |            |--*L. quadrata Branson & Mehl 1943 H62
       |            |--L. resimus Ethington et al. 1983 LM05
       |            `--L. wilcoxi Pyle, Barnes & Ji 2003 PBJ03
       `--+--Periodontidae SD01
          |    |--Periodon Hadding 1913 S88
          |    |    |--*P. aculeata S88
          |    |    |--P. flabellum PBJ03
          |    |    `--P. grandis S88
          |    `--Microzarkodina Lindström 1971 S88
          |         |--*M. flabellum S88
          |         |--M. ozarkodella S88
          |         `--M. parva PBJ03
          `--+--Rhipidognathidae SD01
             |    |--Bergstroemognathus Serpagli 1974 S88
             |    |    `--B. extensus PBJ03
             |    `--+--Rhipidognathus Branson, Mehl & Branson 1951 H62
             |       |    `--*R. symmetrica Branson, Mehl & Branson 1951 H62
             |       `--Appalachignathus Bergström et al. 1974 S88
             |            `--A. delicatulus S88
             `--+--Prioniodontidae SD01
                `--+--+--Balognathidae SD01
                   |  `--Oistodontinae S88
                   |       |--Oistodus Pander 1856 S88 [incl. Eobelodina Sweet, Turco et al. 1959 M62]
                   |       |    |--*O. lanceolatus Pander 1856 DJ71
                   |       |    |--O. fornicalis Stauffer 1935 [=*Eobelodina fornicalis] M62
                   |       |    |--O. gracilis DJ71
                   |       |    |--O. inaequalis Pander 1856 DJ71
                   |       |    `--O. multicorrugatus PBJ03
                   |       `--+--Oelandodus van Wamel 1974 S88
                   |          |    `--O. elongatus PBJ03
                   |          `--Protoprioniodus McTavish 1973 S88
                   |               |--P. aranda PBJ03
                   |               |--P. marathonensis S88
                   |               |--P. nyinti PBJ03
                   |               `--P. simplicissimus PBJ03
                   `--+--Juanognathinae S88
                      |    |--Juanognathus Serpagli 1974 [incl. Aurilobodus An 1983] S88
                      |    |    |--P. jaanussoni S88
                      |    |    `--J. variabilis PBJ03
                      |    `--Histiodella Harris 1962 S88
                      |         |--H. altifrons PBJ03
                      |         |--H. donnae LM05
                      |         |--H. holodentata PBJ03
                      |         `--H. sinuosa PBJ03
                      `--+--Cyrtoniodontidae SD01
                         |--Prioniodinida SD01
                         |--Tripodus Bradshaw 1969 S88
                         |    |--T. deltatus S88
                         |    `--T. laevis PBJ03
                         `--+--Ozarkodinida SD01
                            `--Plectodinidae SD01
                                 |  i. s.: ‘Aphelognathus’ gigas S88
                                 |         ‘Aphelognathus’ kimmswickensis S88
                                 |--Tangshanodus An 1983 S88
                                 |--Scyphiodus Stauffer 1935 S88, H62
                                 |    `--*S. primus Stauffer 1935 H62
                                 `--Plectodina Stauffer 1935 [incl. Subcordylodus Stauffer 1935] H62
                                      |--*P. dilata Stauffer 1935 H62
                                      |--P. aculeata LM05
                                      |--P. aculeatoides S88
                                      |--P. joachimensis LM05
                                      `--P. tenuis SS05

Pteracontiodus Harris & Harris 1965 [incl. Eoneoprioniodus Mound 1965, Triangulodus Van Wamel 1974, Trigonodus Nieper 1969] S88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DJ71] Druce, E. C., & P. J. Jones. 1971. Cambro-Ordovician conodonts from the Burke River Structural Belt, Queensland. Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 110: 1–159.

[FEZ05] Feng, H., B.-D. Erdtmann & Y. Zhang. 2005. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Staurograptus Emmons from the base of the Ordovician. Palaeontology 48 (5): 1007–1019.

[H62] Hass, W. H. 1962. Conodonts. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W3–W69. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[LM05] Lehnert, O., J. F. Miller, S. A. Leslie, J. E. Repetski & R. L. Ethington. 2005. Cambro-Ordovician sea-level fluctuations and sequence boundaries: the missing record and the evolution of new taxa. Special Papers in Palaeontology 73: 117–134.

[M62] Müller, K. J. 1962. Supplement to systematics of conodonts. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W246–W249. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[PBJ03] Pyle, L. J., C. R. Barnes & Z. Ji. 2003. Conodont fauna and biostratigraphy of the Outram, Skoki, and Owen Creek Formations (Lower to Middle Ordovician), Wilcox Pass, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 958–976.

[SS05] Sansom, I. J., & M. P. Smith. 2005. Late Ordovician vertebrates from the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming, USA. Palaeontology 48 (1): 31–48.

[S88] Sweet, W. C. 1988. The Conodonta: Morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long extinct animal phylum. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[SD01] Sweet, W. C., & P. C. J. Donoghue. 2001. Conodonts: past, present, future. Journal of Paleontology 75 (6): 1174–1184.