Palmatolepis

Elements of apparatus of Palmatolepis minuta, from Donoghue (2001). Elements in adaxial view except S₀ and P₂ in caudad view.

Belongs within: Palmatolepididae.
Contains: Palmatolepis (Palmatolepis).

Palmatolepis is a genus of conodonts known from the Upper Devonian (Donoghue 2001) in which the platform elements of the apparatus are asymmetrical, commonly with a sigmoid axis and a large anterior lobe. In earlier members of the genus, sometimes treated as the subgenus Manticolepis, the axial carina of these elements is straight or only slightly sinuous (Sweet 1988).

Synapomorphies (from Donoghue 2001): P₁ pastinate, lobe present, offset in dorsoventral axis. S₀ caudal process absent; rostral process present; abaxial processes with rostral flexure immediately adjacent to cusp followed by caudally-directed recurvature of distal ends. S₁ adaxial 'lateral' process present; rostral processes 'posteriorly' recurved. S₂ vestigial 'lateral' process present. S_3–4 'anterior' process ventro-caudal. M 'anterior' process straight; basal margin recessive.

Palmatolepis Ulrich & Bassler 1926 D02 (see below for synonymy)
    |--P. (Manticolepis) transitans Müller 1956 M62, KU04
    `--+--P. punctata (Hinde 1879) S88, KU04
       `--+--+--P. (M.) proversa Ziegler 1958 M62, S88, KU04
          |  `--+--P. (M.) foliacea Youngquist 1945 M62, KU04
          |     |--P. (M.) martenbergensis M62
          |     `--+--P. (M.) coronata M62
          |        `--P. (M.) unicornis M62, S88
          `--+--P. (M.) hassi Müller & Müller 1957 M62, KU04 [=Kielcelepis hassi D02]
             `--+--P. gigas (Miller & Youngquist 1947) S88, D02 [=Manticolepis gigas D02]
                |--P. (M.) linguiformis Müller 1956 M62, KU04 [=Conditolepis linguiformis D02]
                |--‘Manticolepis rhenana’ (Ziegler 1958) non Palmatolepis rhenana Bischoff 1956 M62, D02
                `--+--P. subgracilis Bischoff 1956 D01 [=P. (Deflectolepis) subgracilis M62]
                   `--+--P. (Panderolepis Helms 1963) D01, D02
                      |    |  i. s.: P. (P.) falcata (Helms 1959) D01
                      |    |         P. (P.) regularis Cooper 1931 M62, KU04
                      |    |         P. (P.) rhomboidea Sannemann 1955 M62, KU04
                      |    |--P. (P.) tenuipunctata Sannemann 1955 M62, KU04
                      |    |--P. klapperi S88
                      |    `--+--P. (*P.) glabra Ulrich & Bassler 1926 D02, M62, D02
                      |       |    |  i. s.: P. g. glabra KU04
                      |       |    |         P. g. unca (Sannemann 1955) KU04
                      |       |    |--P. g. acuta S88
                      |       |    |--P. g. lepta S88
                      |       |    |--P. g. prima Ziegler & Huddle 1969 S88, KU04
                      |       |    `--+--P. g. distorta S88
                      |       |       `--P. g. pectinata Ziegler 1962 S88, KU04 [=P. serrata pectinata M62]
                      |       |--P. (P.) elongata M62
                      |       `--P. (P.) serrata M62
                      `--+--P. minuta Branson & Mehl 1934 D01 (see below for synonymy)
                         |    |--P. m. minuta S88
                         |    `--P. m. schleizia S88 [=P. (Deflectolepis) schleizia M62]
                         |--+--P. (M.) winchelli Stauffer 1938 D01, KU04 (see below for synonymy)
                         |  `--+--Lagovilepis Dzik 2002 D02
                         |     |    `--*L. bogartensis (Stauffer 1938) D02 (see below for synonymy)
                         |     |--P. gracilis Branson & Mehl 1934 D01 (see below for synonymy)
                         |     |    |--P. g. gracilis M62
                         |     |    |--P. g. deflectens M62
                         |     |    |--P. g. gonioclymeniae S88 [=P. (Deflectolepis) gonioclymeniae M62]
                         |     |    `--P. g. manca S88
                         |     `--+--P. (M.) quadrantinodosalobata Sannemann 1955 D01 (see below for synonymy)
                         |        `--P. (M.) subperlobata Branson & Mehl 1934 M62, S88, KU04
                         `--+--+--P. loba Helms 1963 [=P. (Deflectolepis) loba] D01
                            |  `--P. (M.) muelleri Kapper & Foster 1993 D01
                            `--+--P. (M.) deliculata Branson & Mehl 1934 D01
                               |    |--P. d. delicatula KU04
                               |    `--P. d. platys Ziegler & Sandberg 1990 KU04
                               `--+--P. (M.) triangularis Sannemann 1955 M62, KU04 (see below for synonymy)
                                  |--P. (Palmatolepis) M62
                                  `--+--P. elegans [=P. (Panderolepis) elegans] M62
                                     |--P. marginifera Helms 1959 M62, D02 (see below for synonymy)
                                     |    |--P. m. marginifera KU04
                                     |    `--P. m. utahensis Ziegler & Sandberg 1984 KU04
                                     `--P. quadrantinodosa Branson & Mehl 1934 M62, KU04 (see below for synonymy)
                                          |--P. q. quadrantinodosa S88
                                          |--P. q. inflexa Müller 1956 S88, KU04 [=P. (Panderolepis) inflexa M62]
                                          `--P. q. inflexoidea S88

Palmatolepis incertae sedis:
  P. abnormis (Branson & Mehl 1934) (n. d.) KU04 [=Nothognathella abnormis KU04, Klapperilepis abnormis D02]
  P. adamantea Metzger 1994 KU04
  P. angularis Klapper, Uyeno et al. 2004 KU04
  P. angusta Klapper, Uyeno et al. 2004 KU04
  P. boogaardi Klapper & Foster 1993 KU04
  P. circularis S88
  P. clarki OC97
  P. domanicensis Ovnatanova 1976 KU04
  P. ederi Ziegler & Sandberg 1990 KU04
  P. elegantula Wang & Ziegler 1983 [=P. minuta elegantula] KU04
  ‘Lagovilepis’ jamieae Ziegler & Sandberg 1990 [=Kielcelepis jamieae] D02
  P. juntianensis Han 1987 [=P. coronata juntianensis] KU04
  P. ljashenkoae Ovnatanova 1976 KU04 [=*Kielcelepis ljashenkoae D02]
  P. lobicornis Schülke 1995 [incl. P. subperlobata helmsi Ovnatanova 1976 non P. helmsi Ziegler 1962] KU04
  P. mucronata Klapper, Kuz’min & Ovnatanova 1996 KU04
  P. mystica Klapper, Uyeno et al. 2004 KU04
  P. nodosa Klapper, Uyeno et al. 2004 KU04
  P. parva Klapper, Uyeno et al. 2004 KU04
  P. plana Ziegler & Sandberg 1990 KU04
  P. poolei S88
  P. rhenana Bischoff 1956 KU04
  ‘Klapperilepis’ sandbergi (Ji & Ziegler 1993) D02
  P. semichatovae Ovnatanova 1976 KU04
  P. stoppeli Sandberg & Ziegler 1973 KU04
  P. subtilis Khalymbadzha & Chernysheva 1978 KU04
  P. ultima Ziegler 1958 (see below for synonymy) KU04
  ‘*Gnamptognathus’ walliseri Ziegler 1958 D02

*Lagovilepis bogartensis (Stauffer 1938) D02 [=Palmatolepis bogartensis D02, P. (Manticolepis) bogartensis D01]

Palmatolepis Ulrich & Bassler 1926 D02 [incl. Conditolepis van den Boogard & Kuhry 1979 D02, Deflectolepis Müller 1956 D01, S88, Gnamptognathus Ziegler 1958 D02, Kielcelepis Dzik 2002 D02, Klapperilepis Dzik 2002 D02, Ligonodinoides Stauffer 1938 D02, Manticolepis Müller 1956 D02]

Palmatolepis gracilis Branson & Mehl 1934 D01 [=P. (Deflectolepis) gracilis M62, P. (Tripodellus) gracilis D01]

Palmatolepis marginifera Helms 1959 M62, D02 [=*Conditolepis marginifera D02, P. (Panderolepis) marginifera M62]

Palmatolepis minuta Branson & Mehl 1934 D01 [=P. (Deflectolepis) minuta M62, P. (Tripodellus) minuta D01]

Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa Branson & Mehl 1934 M62, KU04 [=P. (Panderolepis) quadrantinodosa M62]

Palmatolepis ultima Ziegler 1958 [incl. P. praetriangularis Ziegler & Sandberg 1988, Klapperilepis praetriangularis] KU04

Palmatolepis (Manticolepis) quadrantinodosalobata Sannemann 1955 D01 [=Klapperilepis quadrantinodosolobata D02]

Palmatolepis (Manticolepis) triangularis Sannemann 1955 M62, KU04 [=*Klapperilepis triangularis D02; incl. P. quadrantinodosalobata praeterita Schülke 1995 KU04]

Palmatolepis (Manticolepis) winchelli Stauffer 1938 D01, KU04 [incl. *Ligonodinoides ohioensis Stauffer 1938 D02, Palmatolepis subrecta Miller & Youngquist 1947 D02, *Manticolepis subrecta D02]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D01] Donoghue, P. C. J. 2001. Conodonts meet cladistics: recovering relationships and assessing the completeness of the conodont fossil record. Palaeontology 44 (1): 65–93.

[D02] Dzik, J. 2002. Emergence and collapse of the Frasnian conodont and ammonoid communities in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 565–650.

[KU04] Klapper, G., T. T. Uyeno, D. K. Armstrong & P. G. Telford. 2004. Conodonts of the Williams Island and Long Rapids Formations (Upper Devonian, Frasnian–Famennian) of the Onakawana B Drillhole, Moose River Basin, northern Ontario, with a revision of the Lower Famennian species. Journal of Paleontology 78: 371–387.

[M62] Müller, K. J. 1962. Taxonomy, evolution, and ecology of conodonts. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W83–W91. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[OC97] Over, D. J., C. A. Conaway, D. J. Katz, W. D. Goodfellow & D. C. Gregoire. 1997. Platinum group element enrichments and possible chondritic Ru:Ir across across the Frasnian-Famennian boundary, western New York State. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 132: 399–410.

[S88] Sweet, W. C. 1988. The Conodonta: Morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long extinct animal phylum. Clarendon Press: Oxford.