Quinqueloculininae

Pyrgo murrhina, copyright Bruce Hayward.

Belongs within: Miliolida.
Contains: Quinqueloculina, Alveolinidae, Soritidae, Triloculina, Fabulariinae.

The Quinqueloculininae are a group of miliolid Foraminifera known from the Jurassic to the present, with a simple wall and an aperture with a bifid tooth or modification of such (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

<==Quinqueloculininae [Massilininae, Sigmoilopsinae] LT64
    |--+--+--Quinqueloculina C40
    |  |  `--Alveolinidae PHT13
    |  `--Soritidae PHT13
    |--Sigmoilina Schlumberger 1887 C40
    |    |--*S. sigmoidea (Brady 1884) [=Planispirina sigmoidea] LT64
    |    |--S. celata (Costa 1856) [=Spiroloculina celata] LT64
    |    |--S. herzensteini C40
    |    `--S. manicura JW99
    |--Massilina Schlumberger 1893 C40 [incl. Proemassilina Lacroix 1938 LT64]
    |    |--*M. secans (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Quinqueloculina secans] C40
    |    |--M. peruviana LT64
    |    |--M. pratti C40
    |    |--M. pulchra Cushman & Gray 1930 S-VC91
    |    |--M. robustior Cushman & Valentine 1930 S-VC91
    |    `--M. rugosa Sidebottom 1904 [=*Proemassilina rugosa] LT64
    `--+--Triloculina C40
       |--Flintina Cushman 1921 C40
       |    |--*F. bradyana Cushman 1921 [incl. Miliolina fichteliana Brady 1884 non d’Orbigny 1839] LT64
       |    `--F. triquetra C40
       `--+--Pyrgo Defrance 1824 C40, LT64 [incl. Praelacazina Hofker 1959 LT64]
          |    |--*P. laevis Defrance 1824 LT64
          |    |--P. bradyi C40
          |    |--P. denticulata C40
          |    |--P. fischeri LT64
          |    |--‘Biloculina’ fragilis Hofker 1927 [=*Praelacazina fragilis] LT64
          |    |--P. murrhina C40
          |    |--P. sarsi LT64
          |    `--P. williamsoni LT64
          |--Fabulariinae C40
          `--Biloculina d’Orbigny 1826 C40, G86
               |--*B. bulloides d’Orbigny 1826 LT64
               |--B. comata H04
               |--B. elongata G86 (see below for synonymy)
               `--B. turkomanica Brodsky 1928 G86

Quinqueloculininae incertae sedis:
  Pateoris Loeblich & Tappan 1953 S-VC91
    `--P. hauerinoides (Rhumbler 1936) [=Quinqueloculina subrotunda f. hauerinoides] LT64
  Sigmoilopsis Finlay 1947 LT64
    |--*S. schlumbergeri (Silvestri 1904) [=Sigmoilina schlumbergeri] LT64
    `--S. asperula JW99
  Cruciloculina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 LT64
    `--*C. triangularis d’Orbigny 1839 LT64
  Dentostomina Carman 1933 LT64
    `--*D. bermudiana Carman 1933 C40
  Flintinella Didkovskiy 1960 LT64
    `--*F. volhynica Didkovskiy 1960 LT64
  Palaeomiliolina Loeblich & Tappan 1964 LT64
    `--*P. occulta (Antonova 1958) [=Spirophthalmidium occultum] LT64
  Podolia Serova 1961 LT64
    `--*P. lyra (Serova 1955) [=Hauerina lyra] LT64
  Pseudomassilina Lacroix 1938 LT64
    |--*P. australis (Cushman 1932) [=Massilina australis] LT64
    `--P. subgranulata S05
  Ptychomiliola Eimer & Fickert 1899 LT64
    `--*P. separans (Brady 1881) [=Miliolina separans] C40
  Pyrgoella Cushman & White 1936 LT64
    `--*P. sphaera (d’Orbigny 1839) [=Biloculina sphaera] LT64
  Siphonaperta Vella 1957 LT64
    `--*S. macbeathi Vella 1957 LT64
  Spirosigmoilina Parr 1942 LT64
    `--*S. tateana (Howchin 1889) [=Spiroloculina tateana] LT64
  Wellmanella Finlay 1947 [incl. Hechtina Bartenstein & Brand 1949] LT64
    |--*W. kaiata Finlay 1947 LT64
    `--W. praeantiqua (Bartenstein & Brand 1949) [=*Hechtina praeantiqua] LT64

Biloculina elongata G86 [=Pyrgo elongata M62; incl. B. elongata var. turkomanica Brodsky 1929 non B. turkomanica Bridsky 1928 G86]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G86] Golemansky, V. G. 1986. Rhizopoda: Foraminiferida. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 17–20. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[PHT13] Pawlowski, J., M. Holzmann & J. Tyszka. 2013. New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: molecules meet morphology. Marine Micropalaeontology 100: 1–10.

[S-VC91] Segura-Vernis, L. R., & A. L. Carreño. 1991. Foraminíferos y ostrácodos de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Inv. Mar. CICIMAR 6 (1): 195–224.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.