Pedicularis

Pedicularis rhinanthoides ssp. labellata, from here.

Belongs within: Orobanchaceae.
Contains: Pedicularis section Phanerantha, Pedicularis section Nothosigmantha.

Pedicularis, louseworts, are a genus of hemiparasitic herbs with hooded flowers.

Characters (from Flora of China): Herbs perennial or annual, rarely biennial, hemiparasitic. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, usually pinnatifid to 1- or 2-pinnatisect, rarely entire or dentate. Lower leaves usually long petiolate; upper leaves often more or less sessile. Inflorescences terminal or flowers axillary; bracts usually leaflike. Calyx tubular to campanulate, often more or less bilabiate, usually deeply cleft anteriorly, (2-)5-lobed. Corolla purple, red, yellow, or white, strongly bilabiate; upper lip (galea) hooded, enclosing anthers, laterally compressed, rounded or truncate, or terminating in teeth or in a beak; lower lip 3-lobed, usually spreading, external to upper lip in bud. Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments glabrous or pubescent; anthers mucronate or not. Stigma capitate. Capsule moderately compressed or not, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, reticulate or costate.

<==Pedicularis Linnaeus 1753 Y88
    |--P. group Allophyllum Li 1948 [incl. P. group Poeophyllum Li 1949] Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Pedicularis Y88
    |    |    |--P. ser. Carnosae Prain 1890 Y88
    |    |    |    `--P. bifida (Buchanan-Ham.) Pennell 1943 (see below for synonymy) Y88
    |    |    `--P. ser. Furfuraceae Prain 1891 Y88
    |    |         |--P. furfuracea Wallich ex Bentham 1835 Y88
    |    |         |--P. microcalyx Hooker 1884 Y88
    |    |         `--P. pantlingii Prain 1889 [incl. P. furfuracea var. integrifolia Hooker 1884] Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Botryantha Li 1949 Y88
    |    |    `--P. ser. Rhinanthoises Prain 1890 Y88
    |    |         `--P. rhinanthoides Y88
    |    |              |--P. r. ssp. rhinanthoides Y88
    |    |              `--P. r. ssp. labellata (Jacquem.) Prain ex Pennell 1943 (see below for synonymy) Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Dolichomischus Li 1949 Y88
    |    |    |--P. ser. Corydaloides Li 1949 Y88
    |    |    |    |--P. breviscaposa Yamazaki 1954 Y88
    |    |    |    `--P. cryptantha Y88
    |    |    `--P. ser. Regelianae Yamazaki in Hara et al. 1982 Y88
    |    |         `--P. (ser. *Regelianae) regeliana Prain 1889 Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Lasioglossa Li 1949 Y88
    |    |    |--P. ser. Craspedotrichae Li 1949 Y88
    |    |    |    |--P. anserantha Yamazaki 1963 [incl. P. ingentoides Yamazaki 1970] Y88
    |    |    |    |    |--P. a. var. anserantha Y88
    |    |    |    |    `--P. a. var. elevatogaleata (Yamazaki) Yamazaki 1988 [=P. elevatogaleata Yamazaki 1970] Y88
    |    |    |    `--P. clarkei Hooker 1884 Y88
    |    |    |--P. ser. Lachnoglossae Prain 1949 Y88
    |    |    |    `--P. lachnoglossa Hooker 1884 Y88
    |    |    `--P. ser. Trichoglossae Li 1949 Y88
    |    |         `--P. trichoglossa Hooker 1884 Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Leptochilus Yamazaki 1988 [=P. ser. Excelsae Maximowicz 1888] Y88
    |    |    `--P. (sect. *Leptochilus) excelsa Hooker 1884 Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Leptocladus Yamazaki 1988 [=P. ser. Muscicolae Maximowicz 1888] Y88
    |    |    |--P. (sect. *Leptocladus) muscicola Y88
    |    |    `--P. terrenoflora Yamazaki in Ohashi 1975 Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Phanerantha Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Rhizophyllastrum (Tsoong) Yamazaki 1988 (see below for synonymy) Y88
    |    |    |--P. ser. Asplenifoliae Prain 1890 [incl. P. ser. Albiflorae Tsoong 1963] Y88
    |    |    |    |--P. albiflora (Hooker) Prain 1889 [=P. asplenifolia var. albiflora Hooker 1884] Y88
    |    |    |    `--P. sikkimensis Bonati ex Smith 1913 [incl. P. lamjungensis Yamazaki 1970] Y88
    |    |    |--P. ser. Filiculae Li 1949 Y88
    |    |    |    |--P. trichodonta Yamazaki 1978 Y88
    |    |    |    `--P. wallichii Bunge ex Walpers 1844-1845 [incl. P. wallichoides Yamazaki 1971] Y88
    |    |    `--P. ser. Perpusillae Yamazaki 1986 Y88
    |    |         |--P. pseudoregeliana Tsoong 1955 Y88
    |    |         `--P. yalungensis Yamazaki 1986 Y88
    |    |--P. sect. Rhizophyllum Li 1949 Y88
    |    |    `--P. ser. Flammeae Prain 1890 Y88
    |    |         |--P. muscoides Y88
    |    |         |    |--P. m. ssp. muscoides Y88
    |    |         |    `--P. m. ssp. himalayca Yamazaki 1986 Y88
    |    |         `--P. oederi Y88
    |    |              |--P. o. ssp. oederi Y88
    |    |              `--P. o. ssp. heteroglossa (Prain) Pennell 1943 [=P. oederi var. heteroglossa Prain 1889] Y88
    |    `--P. sect. Saccochilus Yamazaki 1988 [=P. ser. Megalanthae Prain 1890] Y88
    |         |--P. (sect. *Saccochilus) megalantha Don 1846 Y88
    |         |--P. cornigera Yamazaki 1980 Y88
    |         |--P. hoffmeisteri Klotzsch in Klotzsch & Garke 1862 (see below for synonymy) Y88
    |         `--P. pauciflora (Prain) Pennell 1943 (see below for synonymy) Y88
    `--P. group Cyclophyllum Li 1948 Y88
         |--P. sect. Astenocaulus (Tsoong) Yamazaki 1988 [=Grex Cyclocladus subgrex Astenocaulus Tsoong 1963] Y88
         |    |--P. ser. Flexuosae Prain 1890 Y88
         |    |    |--P. annapurnensis Yamazaki 1970 Y88
         |    |    |--P. flexuosa Hooker 1884 Y88
         |    |    |--P. oxyrhyncha Yamazaki 1986 Y88
         |    |    `--P. porrecta Wallich ex Bentham 1835 Y88
         |    `--P. ser. Pectinatae Prain 1891 Y88
         |         `--P. pectinata Y88
         |              |--P. p. ssp. pectinata Y88
         |              `--P. p. ssp. palans (Prain) Pennell 1943 [=P. pectinata var. palans Prain 1891] Y88
         |--P. sect. Brachystachys (Tsoong) Yamazaki 1988 [=Grex Dolichophyllum subgrex Brachystachys Tsoong 1963] Y88
         |    |--P. ser. Collatae Prain 1890 Y88
         |    |    `--P. collata Prain 1889 Y88
         |    `--P. ser. Ophiocephalae Prain 1890 Y88
         |         `--P. ophiocephala Maximowicz 1888 Y88
         |--P. sect. Cryptorhynchus Yamazaki 1988 (see below for synonymy) Y88
         |    |--P. (sect. *Cryptorhynchus) ludlowiana Y88
         |    `--P. tamurensis Yamazaki 1970 Y88
         |--P. sect. Elephanticeps Yamazaki 1988 [=P. ser. Integrifoliae Prain 1890] Y88
         |    `--P. (sect. *Elephanticeps) integrifolia Hooker 1884 Y88
         |--P. sect. Nothosigmantha Y88
         |--P. sect. Orthorrrhynchus (Prain) Yamazaki 1988 [=Orthorrhynchae B. Euorthorrhynchae Prain 1890] Y88
         |    |--P. ser. Debiles Prain 1890 Y88
         |    |    |--P. confertiflora Prain 1889 [incl. P. sectifolia Yamazaki 1982] Y88
         |    |    |--P. heydei Prain 1889 Y88
         |    |    |--P. paradoxa (Prain) Yamazaki 1986 [=P. instar var. paradoxa Prain 1889] Y88
         |    |    `--P. poluninii Tsoong 1955 Y88
         |    |--P. ser. Pseudo-asplenifoliae Prain 1891 [incl. P. ser. Pseudorostratae Limpricht 1924] Y88
         |    |    `--P. schizorrhyncha Prain 1889 Y88
         |    `--P. ser. Remotilobae Tsoong 1963 Y88
         |         `--P. odontoloma Yamazaki 1978 Y88
         |--P. sect. Orthosiphonia Li 1948 Y88
         |    |--P. ser. Denudatae Prain 1890 Y88
         |    |    `--P. denudata Hooker 1884 Y88
         |    |--P. ser. Gibberae Prain 1891 Y88
         |    |    `--P. gibbera Prain 1889 Y88
         |    `--P. ser. Molles Tsoong 1963 Y88
         |         `--P. mollis Wallich ex Bentham 1835 Y88
         `--P. sect. Sigmantha Li 1948 Y88
              `--P. ser. Verticillatae Maximowicz 1877 Y88
                   |--P. diffusa Prain 1893 Y88
                   |--P. kansuensis Maximowicz 1881 [incl. P. verticillata var. chinensis Maximowicz 1877] Y88
                   |--P. muguensis Yamazaki 1988 Y88
                   |--P. nana Fischer 1940 Y88
                   |--P. nodosa Pennell 1943 Y88
                   `--P. roylei Maximowicz 1881 Y88
                        |--P. r. var. roylei Y88
                        `--P. r. var. speciosa (Prain) Yamazaki 1988 (see below for synonymy) Y88

Pedicularis incertae sedis:
  P. aspleniifolia C55b
  P. capitata C55a
  P. euphrasioides C55a
  P. flammea C55a
  P. foliosa OP01
  P. hirsuta C55a
  P. jacquini C55a
  P. langsdorffii C55a
  P. lapponica C55a
  P. palustris C55a
  P. recutita C55a
  P. rostrata C55a
  P. sceptrum-carolinum RS99
  P. sudetica C55a
  P. versicolor C55a
  P. verticillata C55a

Pedicularis sect. Cryptorhynchus Yamazaki 1988 non Cryptorhynchus Illiger 1807 (ICZN) [=P. ser. Ludlowianae Tsoong 1954] Y88

Pedicularis sect. Rhizophyllastrum (Tsoong) Yamazaki 1988 [=Grex Rhizophyllum subgrex Rhizophyllastrum Tsoong 1963] Y88

Pedicularis bifida (Buchanan-Ham.) Pennell 1943 [=Rhinanthus bifidus Buchanan-Ham. ex Don 1825; incl. P. carnosa Wallich 1831] Y88

Pedicularis hoffmeisteri Klotzsch in Klotzsch & Garke 1862 [=P. megalantha var. hoffmeisteri (Klotzsch) Sealy 1939] Y88

Pedicularis pauciflora (Prain) Pennell 1943 [=P. megalantha var. pauciflora Prain ex Maximowicz 1888; incl. P. megalochila ssp. longituba Yamazaki 1980] Y88

Pedicularis rhinanthoides ssp. labellata (Jacquem.) Prain ex Pennell 1943 [=P. labellata Jacquem. 1835, P. rhinanthoides var. labellata (Jacquem.) Prain 1889; incl. P. rhinanthoides var. tibetica Bonati 1913 non P. anas var. tibetica Bonati 1907, P. rhinanthoides ssp. tibetica (Bonati) Tsoong 1963] Y88

Pedicularis roylei var. speciosa (Prain) Yamazaki 1988 [=P. roylei subvar. speciosa Prain 1891; incl. P. roylei ssp. megalantha Tsoong 1963 non P. megalantha Don 1825, P. rupicoloides Yamazaki 1954, P. saipalensis Yamazaki 1970] Y88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C55a] Candolle, A. de. 1855a. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C55b] Candolle, A. de. 1855b. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[OP01] Olmstead, R. G., C. W. dePamphilis, A. D. Wolfe, N. D. Young, W. J. Elisons & P. A. Reeves. 2001. Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae. American Journal of Botany 88 (2): 348-361.

[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1-248.

[Y88] Yamazaki, T. 1988. A revision of the genus Pedicularis in Nepal. In The Himalayan Plants vol. 1 (H. Ohba & S. B. Malla, eds) The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 91-161.