Lagomorpha

American pika Ochotona princeps, from here.

Belongs within: Glires.
Contains: Leporidae.

The Lagomorpha contains the modern pikas (Ochotona) together with the rabbits and hares (Leporidae). Living lagomorphs practice coprophagy, producing soft faecal pellets that they then re-ingest in order to extract more nutriments from their food (the final digestive wastes are produced as hard pellets that are not re-ingested).

Synapomorphies (from Averianov 1999): Tooth germs of P₂ and P₃ fused; I₃ absent; diastema between I₂ and P₃ widened; I² with groove on anterior surface.

<==Lagomorpha
    |--Leporida A99
    |    |--Litolagus Dawson 1958 A99
    |    `--+--Archaeolagus Dice 1917 [Archaeolaginae] A99
    |       |--Lepoides White 1987 A99
    |       |--Pewelagus White 1984 A99
    |       `--Leporidae A99
    `--+--Prolagus sardus AM05, L78
       `--Ochotonida A99
            |--Amphilagidae A99
            `--Ochotonidae A99
                 |--Gymnesicolagus gelaberti Mein & Adrover 1982 BG-PQ-C02
                 |--Austrolagomys L78
                 |--Kenyalagomys L78
                 |--Sinolagomys B74
                 `--Ochotona Link 1795 A99
                      |--O. alpina QE06
                      |--O. cansus IT07
                      |--O. collaris AA02
                      |--O. curzoniae QE06
                      |--O. daurica QE06
                      |--O. erythrotis IT07
                      |--O. forresti IT07
                      |--O. gaoligongensis IT07
                      |--O. gloveri IT07
                      |--O. himalayana IT07
                      |--O. hyperborea BF01
                      |    |--O. h. hyperborea M76
                      |    `--O. h. yesoensis Kishida 1930 M76
                      |--O. iliensis IT07
                      |--O. koslowi IT07
                      |--O. ladacensis QE06
                      |--O. macrotis BF01
                      |--O. muliensis IT07
                      |--O. nubrica IT07
                      |--O. pallasi BF01
                      |--O. princeps MHL03
                      |--O. pusilla BF01
                      |--O. roylei IT07
                      |--O. rufescens B74
                      |--O. rutila IT07
                      |--O. thibetana IT07
                      `--O. thomasi IT07

Lagomorpha incertae sedis:
  Lushilagus B74
  Megalagus turgidus MHL03
  Lagomyidae P04
    |--Ochotonoma Sen 1998 P04
    |    |--*O. anatolica Sen 1998 P04
    |    `--O. csarnotanus (Kretzoi 1959) [=Ochotonoides csarnotana] P04
    |--Pliolagomys Erbaeva 1983 P04
    |    |--P. danubicus (Topacevski & Scorik 1977) P04
    |    `--P. kujalnikensis (Topacevski & Scorik 1977) P04
    `--Ochotonoides P04
         |--O. complicidens Boule & Teilhard de Chardin 1928 P04
         `--O. primitivus Zheng & Li 1982 P04
  Shamolagus B74

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AA02] Arnason, U., J. A. Adegoke, K. Bodin, E. W. Born, Y. B. Esa, A. Gullberg, M. Nilsson, R. V. Short, X. Xu & A. Janke. 2002. Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99 (12): 8151-8156.

[AM05] Asher, R. J., J. Meng, J. R. Wible, M. C. McKenna, G. W. Rougier, D. Dashzeveg & M. J. Novacek. 2005. Stem Lagomorpha and the antiquity of Glires. Science 307: 1091-1094.

[A99] Averianov, A. O. 1999. Phylogeny and classification of Leporidae (Mammalia, Lagomorpha). Vestnik Zoologii 33 (1-2): 41-48.

[BG-PQ-C02] Bailon, S., J. Garcia-Porta & J. Quintana-Cardona. 2002. Première découverte de Viperidae (Reptilia, Serpentes) dans les îles Baléares (Espagne): Des vipères du Néogène de Minorque. Description d’une nouvelle espèce du Pliocène. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1: 227-234.

[BF01] Bochkov, A. V., & A. Fain. 2001. Phylogeny and system of the Cheyletidae (Acari: Prostigmata) with special reference to their host-parasite associations. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 71: 5-36.

[B74] Bugge, J. 1974. The cephalic arterial system in insectivores, primates, rodents and lagomorphs, with special reference to the systematic classification. Acta Anatomica 87 (Suppl 62): 1-160.

[IT07] Isaac, N. J. B., S. T. Turvey, B. Collen, C. Waterman & J. E. M. Baillie. 2007. Mammals on the EDGE: conservation priorities based on threat and phylogeny. PLoS One 2 (3): e296.

[L78] Lavocat, L. 1978. Rodentia and Lagomorpha. In Evolution of African Mammals (V. J. Maglio & H. B. S. Cooke, eds) pp. 69-89. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[M76] Masui, M. 1976. Nihon no Doobutsu. Kogakukan: Tokyo.

[MHL03] Meng, J., Y. Hu & C. Li. 2003. The osteology of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications for phylogeny and evolution of Glires. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 275: 1-247.

[P04] Popov, V. V. 2004. Pliocene small mammals (Mammalia, Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia) from Muselievo (north Bulgaria). Geodiversitas 26 (3): 403-491.

[QE06] Qu, Y., P. G. P. Ericson, F. Lei, A. Gebauer, M. Kaiser & A. J. Helbig. 2006. Molecular phylogenetic relationship of snow finch complex (genera Montifringilla, Pyrgilauda, and Onychostruthus) from the Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (1): 218-226.