Isotomidae

Archisotoma pulchella, copyright Arne Fjellberg.

Belongs within: Collembola.
Contains: Anurophorus, Tetracanthella, Cryptopygus, Folsomia, Folsomides, Proisotoma, Isotoma, Isotomurus.

The Isotomidae are a diverse family of elongate springtails. Members of the subfamily Anurophorinae are characterised by a ventral anal opening in contrast to the terminal anus of Proisotominae and Isotominae.

Characters (from Soto-Adames et al. 2008): Scales, trochanteral organs and postocular bothriothrica absent. Antenna with four segments. Fourth abdominal segment usually subequal or shorter than third (except in a few genera with fused segments 4-6). Bothriothrica often absent.

<==Isotomidae
    |--Anurophorinae [Anurophorini] W67
    |    |--Anurophorus CB80
    |    |--Proctostephanus stuckeri W39
    |    |--Tetracanthella W39
    |    |--Cryptopygus W39
    |    |--Folsomia W39
    |    |--Folsomides W39
    |    |--Astephanus Denis 1927 W39
    |    |    `--A. denisi Womersley 1935 W39
    |    |--Arlea Womersley 1939 W39
    |    |    `--*A. lucifuga (Arle 1939) [=Isotomina lucifuga] W39
    |    |--Uzelia Absolon 1901 W39, CB80 [incl. Pentapleotoma W39, Protanurophorus W39]
    |    |    |--*U. setifera Absolon 1901 CB80
    |    |    `--U. hansoni Mills & Richards 1953 CB80
    |    |--Coloburella Latzel 1918 CB80
    |    |    |--C. (Coloburella) [incl. Boernerella Denis 1925] CB80
    |    |    |    |--*C. (C.) reticulata Latzel 1918 CB80
    |    |    |    |--C. (C.) octogenaria (Mills & Schmidt 1957) [=Boernerella octogenaria] CB80
    |    |    |    `--‘*Boernerella’ zangherii Denis 1925 CB80
    |    |    `--C. (Paranurophorus Denis 1929) CB80, W39, CB80
    |    |         `--C. (*P.) simplex (Denis 1929) [=*Paranurophorus simplex; incl. P. armatus Stach 1947] CB80
    |    |--Isotomodes Linnaniemi 1907 W39, CB80
    |    |    |--*I. productus (Axelson 1906) (see below for synonymy) CB80
    |    |    |--I. britanicus Bagnall 1939 W39
    |    |    |--I. falsus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |    |--I. fiscus Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    |    |    `--I. klostermani Bernard 1973 CB80
    |    |--Gressittacantha Wise 1967 W67
    |    |    `--G. terranova W67
    |    |--Neocryptopygus Salmon 1965 W67
    |    |    `--N. nivicolus Salmon 1965 W67
    |    `--Weberacantha Christiansen 1951 W67
    |         `--*W. octa Christiansen 1951 CB80
    |--Proisotominae W67
    |    |--Proisotoma W39
    |    `--Archisotoma Linnaniemi 1912 W67, CB80
    |         |--*A. besselsi (Packard 1877) [=Isotoma besselsi; incl. Proisotoma laguna Folsom 1937] CB80
    |         |--A. brucei (Carpenter 1907) [=Isotoma brucei, Proisotoma brucei] W67
    |         |--A. interstitialis Delamare 1954 TM86
    |         |--A. pauliani Delamare 1954 TM86
    |         |--A. pulchella (Moniez 1890) TM86
    |         `--A. renaudi Delamare 1956 TM86
    `--Isotominae [Isotomini] W67
         |--Alloschaefferia W39
         |--Pteronychella W39
         |--Isotoma SL06
         |--Isotomurus W39
         |--Cliforga alleghaniensis Wray 1952 (n. d.) CB81
         |--Agrenia Börner 1906 W39, CB80
         |    `--*A. bidenticulata (Tullberg 1876) [=Isotoma bidenticulata] CB80
         |--Acanthomurus Womersley 1934 W39
         |    `--*A. plumbeus Womersley 1934 [incl. A. plumbeus var. lineata Womersley 1934] W39
         |--Proisotomurus Womersley 1934 W39
         |    `--*P. papillatus Womersley 1934 W39
         |--Isotomiella Bagnall 1939 W39
         |    `--*I. minor (Schäffer 1896) [=Isotoma minor] CB80
         |--Pseudisotoma Handschin 1924 CB80
         |    |--*P. sensibilis (Tullberg 1876) CB80, SL06 (see below for synonymy)
         |    `--P. monochaeta [=Isotoma (Pseudisotoma) monochaeta] Kos 1942 CB80
         |--Spinisotoma Stach 1926 W39
         |    |--*S. pectinata W39
         |    `--S. dimorpha Womersley 1934 W39
         |--Tomocerura Wahlgren 1900 W39
         |    |--*T. picta Wahlgren 1900 W39
         |    |--T. conjugens (Schffr. 1897) W39
         |    `--T. wahlgreni Womersley 1939 W39
         |--Axelsonia Börner 1906 W39, CB80
         |    |--*A. thalassophila Börner 1906 CB80
         |    |--A. littoralis (Moniez 1890) [incl. A. australis Bagnall 1939] W39
         |    |--A. nitida W39
         |    `--A. tubifera Strenzke 1958 CB80
         `--Antarcticinella Salmon 1965 W67
              `--A. monoculata Salmon 1965 W67

Isotomidae incertae sedis:
  Rhyniella praecursor Hirst & Maulik 1926 CP02
  Folsomotoma bioculata CP02, G91
  Stachanorema Wray 1957 CB80
    |--*S. arnaudi Wray 1957 CB80
    `--S. contra Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
  Coloberella octogenaria C90
  Metisotoma Maynard 1951 CB80
    `--M. grandiceps (Reuter 1891) (see below for synonymy) CB80
  Semicerura Maynard 1951 CB80
    |--*S. bishopi Maynard 1951 CB80
    `--S. multispinata (James 1933) [=Isotoma multispinata] CB80
  Bonetrura Christiansen & Bellinger 1980 CB80
    `--*B. boneti (Yosii 1962) [=Guthriella boneti] CB80
  Micrisotoma Bellinger 1952 CB80
    `--*M. achromata Bellinger 1952 CB80
  Protoisotoma Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
    `--*P. micromucra Christiansen & Pike 2002 CP02
  Scutisotoma Bagnall 1949 [incl. Dimorphotoma Grinbergs 1975] SL06
    |--*S. titusi (Folsom 1937) [=Proisotoma titusi] CB80
    `--‘Dimorphotoma’ porcellus Ellis 1976 SL06
  Psammisotoma kingi MC13
  Micranurophorus Bernard 1977 CB80
    `--*M. musci Bernard 1977 CB80
  Dagamaea Yosii 1965 CB80
    `--D. tenuis (Folsom 1937) [=Isotomodes tenuis; incl. *D. japonica Yosii 1965] CB80
  Pentacanthella decemoculata Deharveng 1979 CB80
  Pectenisotoma S-AB08

*Isotomodes productus (Axelson 1906) [=Isotoma producta; incl. Isotoma elongata Axelson 1903 non MacGillivray 1896] CB80

Metisotoma grandiceps (Reuter 1891) [=Isotoma grandiceps, *Cephalotoma grandiceps; incl. M. capitona Maynard 1951, Isotoma macnamarai Folsom 1918, *M. spiniseta Maynard 1951] CB80

*Pseudisotoma sensibilis (Tullberg 1876) CB80, SL06 [=Isotoma sensibilis CB80; incl. I. determinata MacGillivray 1896 CB80, I. longidens Schäffer 1896 S00, I. monstrosa Schäffer 1896 S00, I. parva MacGillivray 1896 CB80]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C90] Christiansen, K. A. 1990. Insecta: Collembola. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 965–995. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[CB80] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1980. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 2. Families Onychiuridae and Isotomidae. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CB81] Christiansen, K., & P. Bellinger. 1981. The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande: A taxonomic analysis vol. 4. Families Neelidae and Sminthuridae; glossary; bibliography; index. Grinnell College: Grinnell (Iowa).

[CP02] Christiansen, K., & E. Pike. 2002. Cretaceous Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada. Cretaceous Research 23: 165–188.

[G91] Greenslade, P. J. 1991. Collembola (springtails). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers vol. 1 pp. 252–264. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[SL06] Schulz, H.-J., & P. Lymberakis. 2006. First contribution to the knowledge of the Collembola fauna of the White Mountains (Lefká Óri) in west Crete (Insecta, Collembola, Isotomidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 229–234.

[S-AB08] Soto-Adames, F. N., J.-A. Barra, K. Christiansen & R. Jordana. 2008. Suprageneric classification of Collembola Entomobryomorpha. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101 (3): 501–513.

[TM86] Thibaud, J.-M., & Z. Massoud. 1986. Insecta: Collembola. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 616–617. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[W67] Wise, K. A. J. 1967. Collembola (springtails). Antarctic Research Series 10: 123–148.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Last updated: 1 June 2022.