Sulcavitida

Reconstruction of Haplophrentis by Smokeybjb.

Belongs within: Hyolitha.

The Sulcavitida are a group of hyoliths defined by Kruse (2002) to include those species with a ligula present on the venter, and in which the dorsoventral and lateral transitions coincide such that the dorsum perimeter is equal to or greater than the venter perimeter. The type family Sulcavitidae includes less differentiated forms in which the transverse section is elliptical to ovoid, and a median trough may be present on the dorsum (Kruse 2002).

<==Sulcavitida
    |--Aimitidae K02
    |--Parakorilithes He & Pei in He et al. 1984 [Parakorilithidae] K02
    |--Notabilitidae [Crestjahitidae, Doliutidae] K02
    |--Pauxillites Marek 1966 [Pauxillitidae] K02
    |--Parentilites MB05 [Atdabanithidae, Parentilitidae K02]
    |    `--P. parens MB05
    |--Trapezovitus Syssoiev 1958 M02 [Amydaicornidae, Trapezovitidae K02]
    |    `--*T. sinscus Syssoiev 1958 F62
    |--Dorsojugatus Sysoyev 1968 [Dorsojugatidae] K02
    |    `--*D. multicostatus Sysoyev 1968 K02
    |--Cardiolithidae K02
    |    |--Cardiolithes Qian in Qian & Xiao 1995 K02
    |    `--Shandongolithes Qian in Qian & Xiao 1995 K02
    |         |--*S. jiulongshanensis Qian in Qian & Xiao 1995 K02
    |         `--S. thakal Kruse 2002 K02
    |--Gakidae K02
    |    |--Gaka Kruse 1990 K02
    |    |    `--G. gakawurin Kruse 1990 K02
    |    `--Kalkatungu Kruse 2002 K02
    |         `--*K. murlu Kruse 2002 K02
    |--Angusticornidae [Similothecidae] K02
    |    |--Haplophrentis Babcock & Robison 1988 K02
    |    |    `--‘Hyolithes’ carinatus Matthew 1899 M90
    |    |--Yuku Kruse 2002 K02
    |    |    `--*Y. tjurtu Kruse 2002 K02
    |    `--Similotheca Malinky 1988 M02
    |         `--‘Hyolithes’ similis Walcott 1890 M02
    |--Inflaticornidae [Linevitidae] K02
    |    |--Nelegerocornus Meshkova in Repina et al. 1974 [Nelegerocornidae] K02
    |    |--Lenalituus Missarzhevskiy 1980 K02
    |    |--Linevitus Syssoiev 1958 M02
    |    |    |--*L. obscurus (Holm 1893) [=Hyolithes obscurus] F62
    |    |    `--L. springerensis M02
    |    |--Gerkella Malinky & Sixt 1990 K02
    |    |    |--*G. humboldti Malinky & Sixt 1990 K02
    |    |    `--G. thuka Kruse 2002 K02
    |    |--Yacutolituus Missarzhevskiy 1974 K02
    |    |    |--*Y. fusiformis Missarzhevskiy 1974 K02
    |    |    `--Y. rakatju Kruse 2002 K02
    |    `--Microcornus Mambetov 1972 K02
    |         |--M. egregius Demidenko in Gravestock et al. 2001 K02
    |         |--M. eximius Duan 1984 K02
    |         `--M. petilus Bengtson in Bengtson et al. 1990 K02
    `--Sulcavitidae [Altaicornidae, Tulenicornidae] K02
         |--Paraeonovitatus Qian 1989 M02
         |--Sulcavitus Syssoiev 1958 M02
         |    `--*S. caelatus (Holm 1893) [=Hyolithes caelatus, Hyolithus (l. c.) caelatus] M02
         |--Kulangarra Kruse 2002 K02
         |    `--*K. kutjurru Kruse 2002 K02
         |--Yankongovitus Qian 1978 M02
         |    `--‘Hyolithes’ wynnei Waagen 1885 M02
         |--Ambrolinevitus Syssoiev 1958 F62
         |    `--*A. straitellus (Syssoiev 1958) [=Hyolithus striatellus] M02
         `--Altaicornus Sysoyev 1970 [incl. Tulenicornus Val’kov 1970] K02
              |--‘Tulenicornus’ alatus Val’kov 1970 M90
              |--‘Tulenicornus’ gratus Val’kov 1970 M90
              |--‘Tulenicornus’ jugatus Val’kov 1970 M90
              |--‘Tulenicornus’ laccatus Val’kov 1970 M90
              |--‘Hyolithes’ matthewi Sinclair 1946 (see below for synonymy) M90
              |--‘Tulenicornus’ mollis Val’kov 1970 M90
              |--‘Tulenicornus’ oelandicus (Holm 1893) M90
              |--‘Tulenicornus’ operosus (Cobbold & Pocock 1934) M90
              `--‘*Tulenicornus’ ovalis Val’kov 1970 M90

‘Hyolithes’ matthewi Sinclair 1946 [=H. decipiens Matthew 1894 non Barrande 1867, Tulenicornus matthewi] M90

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F62] Fisher, D. W. 1962. Small conoidal shells of uncertain affinities. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W98–W143. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[K02] Kruse, P. D. 2002. Biostratigraphic potential of Middle Cambrian hyoliths from the eastern Georgina Basin. Alcheringa 26: 353–398.

[M90] Malinky, J. M. 1990. Cambrian Hyolitha from northeast Canada: reappraisal of the hyolith orders Camerothecida and Diplothecida. Journal of Paleontology 64 (4): 587–595.

[M02] Malinky, J. M. 2002. A revision of Early to Mid Ordovician hyoliths from Sweden. Palaeontology 45: 511–555.

[MB05] Mus, M. M., & J. Bergström. 2005. The morphology of hyolithids and its functional implications. Palaeontology 48 (6): 1139–1167.