Synocheta

Trichoniscus pusillus, photographed by Krister Hall.

Belongs within: Oniscidea.

The Synocheta are a clade of small slaters restricted to damp habitats. Some species have become aquatic cave-dwellers. Males of this group have the genital ducts fusing within the penis, so that they penis bears only a single opening.

Synapomorphies (from Schmidt 2008): Male genital ducts distally fused; eyes with at most 3 ommatidia; remotor muscles of pleopod protopodites M9, 11 and 13 composed of 2 strands each.

<==Synocheta MD01
    |--Styloniscoidea MD01
    |    |--Schoebliidae MD01
    |    |--Titaniidae MD01
    |    |--Tunanoniscidae MD01
    |    `--Styloniscidae [Patagoniscidae] MD01
    |         |--Notoniscus [Notoniscinae] Va73
    |         |    `--N. tasmanicus (Chilton 1915) Va73
    |         `--Styloniscus Dana 1852 [Styloniscinae] Va73
    |              |--S. (Styloniscus) Va73
    |              |    |--S. (S.) australiensis Vandel 1973 Va73
    |              |    |    |--S. a. australiensis Va73
    |              |    |    `--S. a. cavernicolus Vandel 1973 Va73
    |              |    |--S. (S.) otakensis (Chilton 1901) [=Trichoniscus otakensis] Va73
    |              |    |--S. (S.) squarrosus Green 1961 Va73
    |              |    |--S. (S.) thomsoni (Chilton 1901) [=Trichoniscus thomsoni] Va73
    |              |    `--S. (S.) verrucosus (Budde-Lund 1906) [=Trichoniscus verrucosus] Va73
    |              `--S. (Euroniscus Vandel 1973) Va73
    |                   `--S. (*E.) commensalis (Chilton 1910) Va73
    `--Trichoniscoidea [Endophora] MD01
         |--Buddelundiellidae MD01
         `--Trichoniscidae MD01
              |  i. s.: Cantabroniscus Vandel 1965 S86
              |           `--C. primitivus Vandel 1965 S86
              |         Scotoniscus Racovitza 1908 S86
              |           `--S. macromelos Racovitza 1908 S86
              |         Bureschia Verhoeff 1926 S86
              |           `--B. bulgarica Verhoeff 1926 S86
              |         Typhlotricholigioides Rioja 1953 S86
              |           `--T. aquaticus Rioja 1953 S86
              |         Brackenridgia Eigenmann & Ulrich 1902 [incl. Protrichoniscus] S86
              |           |--B. bridgesi (van Name 1942) S86
              |           |--B. cavernarum M90
              |           |--B. heroldi M90
              |           `--B. reddelli M90
              |         Titanethes Schioedte 1849 S86
              |           |--T. (Titanethes) S86
              |           |    |--T. (T.) albus Schioedte 1849 S86
              |           |    |--T. (T.) biseriatus Verhoeff 1900 S86
              |           |    `--T. (T.) dahli Verhoeff 1926 S86
              |           `--T. (Cyphonethes Verhoeff 1926) S86
              |                `--T. (C.) hercegovinensis Verhoeff 1900 S86
              |         Alpioniscus Racovitza 1908 S86
              |           |  i. s.: A. feneriensis Vu73
              |           |         A. kratochvili Frankenberger 1939 UO05
              |           |--A. (Illyrionethes Verhoeff 1927) S86
              |           |    |--A. (I.) balthasari PN02
              |           |    |--A. (I.) bosniensis Frankenberger 1939 S86
              |           |    `--A. (I.) heroldii Verhoeff 1931 S86
              |           `--A. (Macedonethes Buturović 1955) S86
              |                `--A. (M.) skopjensis Buturović 1955 S86
              |         Hyloniscus riparius M90
              |         Haplophthalmus danicus M90
              |         Trichoniscoides Sars 1899 M90, S86
              |           |--T. mixtus Racovitza 1908 S86
              |           `--T. sarsi M90
              |         Amerigoniscus paynei M90
              |         Titana mirabilis N55
              `--Trichoniscinae H47
                   |--Cordioniscus stebbingi H47
                   |--Oregoniscus Hatch 1947 H47
                   |    `--*O. nearcticus [=Trichoniscus nearcticus] H47
                   |--Miktoniscus H47
                   |    |--M. halophilus M90
                   |    `--M. medcofi H47
                   |--Androniscus H47
                   |    |--A. dentiger H47
                   |    `--A. subterraneus Vu73
                   `--Trichoniscus D37
                        |--T. elisabethae D37
                        |--T. flavescens Lucas 1846 E12
                        |--T. provisorius M90
                        |--T. pusillus [incl. T. demivirgo] M90
                        `--T. pygmaeus H47

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D37] Dobzhansky, T. 1937. Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press: New York.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[H47] Hatch, M. H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and adjacent regions. University of Washington Publications in Biology 10 (5): 155–274.

[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.

[M90] Muchmore, W. B. 1990. Terrestrial Isopoda. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 805–817. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[N55] Noirot, C. 1955. Termites du centre et du sud-ouest de l'Angola récoltés par A. de Barros Machado. Diamang Publicações Culturais 27: 139–150.

[PN02] Poggi, R., G. Nonveiller, A. Colla, D. Pavićević & T. Rađa. 2001–2002. Thaumastocephalini, a new tribe of Pselaphinae for Thaumastocephalus folliculipalpus n. gen., n. sp., an interesting new troglobious species from central Dalmatia (Croatia) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” 94: 1–20.

Schmidt, C. 2008. Phylogeny of the terrestrial Isopoda (Oniscidea): a review. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 66 (2): 191–226.

[S86] Sket, B. 1986. Isopoda: Oniscidea. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 482–485. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[UO05] Ubick, D., & R. Ozimec. 2005. On the harvestman genus Lola Kratochvíl (Opiliones: Laniatores). Natura Croatica 14 (3): 161–174.

[Va73] Vandel, A. 1973. Les isopodes terrestres de l'Australie. Étude systématique et biogéographique. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Série A, Zoologie 82: 1–171.

[Vu73] Vuilleumier, F. 1973. Insular biogeography in continental regions. II. Cave faunas from Tessin, southern Switzerland. Systematic Zoology 22 (1): 64–76.