Nuculanoidea

Oval yoldia Yoldia myalis, photographed by L. Schroeder.

Belongs within: Pteriomorphia.
Contains: Palaeoneilo, Nuculana.

The Nuculanoidea are a group of infaunal bivalves whose earliest representatives are recorded from the Ordovician. Their shells are posteriorly elongate, though the degree of elongation varies from only slight to prominently so. Members of the family Nuculanidae possess a resilifer and have a partially internal ligament whereas the Malletiidae lack a resilifer and their ligament is predominantly external. The Neilonellidae resemble Malletiidae in the presence of an external ligament but have robust, ovate, concentrically ridged shells whereas Malletiidae have thin, translucent, elongate shells.

<==Nuculanoidea
    |  i. s.: Portlandia GW02
    |           |--P. arctica HG98
    |           |--P. isonota GW02
    |           |--P. japonica (Adams & Reeve 1850) XZ10
    |           `--P. tenuis N00
    |--Neilonellidae GW02
    |    |--Neilonella subovata GW02
    |    `--Pseudotindaria ferrari (Fleming 1950) SB93
    |--Malletiidae H00
    |    |--Palaeoneilo H00
    |    |--Nuculites JB12
    |    |    |--N. pseudodeltoides F71
    |    |    |--N. scissa Sherrard 1959 F71
    |    |    `--N. triangula Sherrard 1959 F71
    |    `--Malletia Desmoulins 1832 F27a
    |         |  i. s.: M. chilensis GW02
    |         |         M. gigantea GW02
    |         |         M. inequalis GW02
    |         |         M. obtusa (Sars 1868) [=Yoldia obtusa] N79
    |         `--M. (Minormalletia Dall 1908) F27a
    |              |--M. (*M.) arciformis F27a
    |              `--M. (M.) tenera Marwick 1926 F27a
    `--Nuculanidae [Yoldiidae, Yoldiinae] GW02
         |--Spinula F27a
         |--Nuculana MG-H11
         |--Poroleda Hutton 1893 P61
         |    `--*P. lanceolata (Hutton 1885) [incl. P. pertubata Iredale 1924] P61
         |--Zealeda Marwick 1924 F27a
         |    |--*Z. hamata Marwick 1924 F27a
         |    `--Z. mutabilis Marwick 1926 F27a
         |--Thestyleda Iredale 1929 P61
         |    |--*T. ramsayi [=Leda ramsayi] P61
         |    `--T. investigator Dell 1952 P61
         |--Rollieria Cossmann 1920 (see below for synonymy) H00
         |    |--*R. palmae (Sowerby 1824) [=Nucula palmae] H00
         |    |--‘Nuculopsis’ anthraconeiloidas G31
         |    `--R. bronni (Andler 1858) (see below for synonymy) H00
         |--Austrotindaria Fleming 1948 P61
         |    |--*A. wrighti Fleming 1948 P61
         |    |--A. benthicola Dell 1956 P61
         |    `--A. flemingi Dell 1956 P61
         |--Yoldiella C96
         |    |--Y. frigida HG98
         |    |--Y. lenticula HG98
         |    |--Y. lucida GW02
         |    `--Y. nana HG98
         |--Ledella Verrill & Bush 1897 P61
         |    |--*L. messanensis [=Leda messanensis] P61
         |    |--L. finlayi Powell 1935 P61
         |    |--L. herdmanni Dell 1953 P61
         |    `--L. librata Dell 1952 P61
         |--Ovaleda Iredale 1925 P61
         |    |--*O. tellinaeformis (Hedley 1901) F27a [=Sarepta tellinaeformis P61]
         |    |--O. aucklandica (Marshall 1918) [=Sarepta aucklandica] F27a
         |    |--O. hamiltoni Powell 1935 P61
         |    `--O. powelli Dell 1950 P61
         |--Neilo Adams 1854 P61
         |    |--*N. australis (Quoy & Gaimard 1835) [=Nucula australis] P61
         |    |--N. awamoana Finlay 1926 F27a
         |    |--N. cymbula (Woods 1917) [=Malletia (Neilo) cymbula] F27a
         |    |--N. ‘elongata’ (Marshall 1917) [=Malletia elongata non Etheridge 1902] F27b
         |    |--N. randsi (Etheridge 1892) [=Nuculana (Yoldia) randsi; incl. Leda elongata] F27b
         |    |--N. rugata Dell 1956 P61
         |    |--N. sinangula Finlay 1926 F27a
         |    |--N. sublaevis Marwick 1926 F27a
         |    `--N. waitaraensis Marwick 1926 F27a
         `--Yoldia MG-H11
              |--Y. amygdalea GW02
              |--Y. arctica (Gray 1824) N79 (see below for synonymy)
              |--Y. cooperi K91
              |--Y. ensifera Dall 1897 M12
              |--Y. frigida [incl. Y. nana Sars 1865] N79
              |--Y. (Yoldia) hyperborea Torell 1859 SB93
              |--Y. keppeliana L10
              |--Y. lanceolata C64
              |--Y. limaluta (Say 1831) SS07
              |--Y. lucida Lovén 1845 [=Leda lucida] N79
              |--Y. messanensis Seguenza in Jeffrey 1876 N79
              |--Y. myalis GW02
              |--Y. notabilis Yokoyama 1922 XZ10
              |--Y. perprotracta WE63
              |--Y. similis Kuroda & Habe 1922 XZ10
              |--Y. thraciaeformis Storer 1838 R78
              `--Y. truncata (Brown 1827) [=Nucula truncata non Nilsson 1827, Leda truncata] F27b

Rollieria Cossmann 1920 [incl. Isoleda Rollier 1923, Isonuculana Cox 1925, Nuculopsis Rollier 1912 non Girty 1911] H00

Rollieria bronni (Andler 1858) [=Leda bronni, Nuculana (Rollieria) bronni; incl. Tellina aequilatera Koch & Dunker 1837 (n. d.), L. aequilatera, Nucula fallax Terquem & Piette 1865, Nucula stoppani Winkler 1886] H00

Yoldia arctica (Gray 1824) N79 [=Nucula arctica N79, Leda arctica N79; incl. Nuculana glacialis N79, Yoldia glacialis N79, Nucula portlandica Reeve 1855 N79, Nucula siliqua Reeve 1855 N79, Arca truncata J64]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C96] Crame, J. A. 1996. Evolution of high-latitude molluscan faunas. In: Taylor, J. D. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca pp. 119–131. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[GW02] Giribet, G., & W. Wheeler. 2002. On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data. Invertebrate Biology 121 (4): 271–324.

[G31] Grabau, A. W. 1931. The Permian of Mongolia: A report on the Permian fauna of the Jisu Honguer limestone of Mongolia and its relations to the Permian of other parts of the world. American Museum of Natural History: New York.

[H00] Hodges, P. 2000. The Early Jurassic Bivalvia from the Hettangian and Lower Sinemurian of south-west Britain. Part 1. Monograph of the Paleontographical Society 614: 1–64.

[HG98] Holte, B., & B. Gulliksen. 1998. Common macrofaunal dominant species in the sediments of some north Norwegian and Svalbard glacial fjords. Polar Biology 19: 375–382.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. The Upper Tertiary fossils at Uddevalla, in Sweden. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 73–79.

[JB12] Johnson, M. E., & B. G. Baarli. 2012. Development of intertidal biotas through Phanerozoic time. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 63–128. Springer.

[K91] Kozloff, E. N. 1991. Malacobdella siliquae sp. nov. and Malacobdella macomae sp. nov., commensal nemerteans from bivalve molluscs on the Pacific coast of North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1612–1618.

[L10] Lebedev, E. B. 2010. Diversity of soft-bottom mollusks in the Far Eastern Marine Reserve (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan). In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 169–173. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[M12] Morton, B. 2012. The biology and functional morphology of Nucula pusilla (Bivalvia: Protobranchia: Nuculidae) from Western Australia, Australia: primitive or miniature simplicity? Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (2): 85–100.

[N79] Norman, A. M. 1879. The Mollusca of the fiords near Bergen, Norway. Journal of Conchology 2: 8–77.

[N00] Norman, A. M. 1900. British Amphipoda: families Pontoporeidae to Ampeliscidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 326–346.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[R78] Reid, R. G. B. 1978. The systematic, adaptive and physiological significance of proteolytic enzyme distribution in bivalves. Veliger 20 (3): 260–265.

[SB93] Skelton, P. W., & M. J. Benton. 1993. Mollusca: Rostroconchia, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 237–263. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SS07] Struck, T. H., N. Schutt, T. Kusen, E. Hickman, C. Bleidorn, D. McHugh & K. M. Halanych. 2007. Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 57.

[WE63] Warmke, G. L., & D. S. Erdman. 1963. Records of marine mollusks eaten by bonefish in Puerto Rican waters. Nautilus 76 (4): 115–120.

[XZ10] Xu, F., & J. Zhang. 2010. Study on the bivalve faunal composition of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 7–12. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Last updated: 14 November 2021.