Psychodinae

Psychoda alternata, copyright Ivan Stankovic.

Belongs within: Psychodoidea.

The Psychodinae, moth flies, are a group of densely hairy flies whose larvae are most commonly found in moist or semi-aquatic habitats (Wagner & Ibáñez-Bernal 2009).

Characters (from Wagner & Ibáñez-Bernal 2009): Eye reniform with extension towards midline forming eye bridge above antennal insertions; eyes continuous or separated, rarely with eye bridge short and acutely pointed; flagellomeres fusiform, pyriform or nodiform.

<==Psychodinae WI-B09
    |--Maruina [Maruinini] WI-B09
    |    `--M. hirta WM96
    |--Pericomini WI-B09
    |    |--Lepidiella WI-B09
    |    `--Pericoma (Clytocerus) americana WI-B09, QV81
    |--Paramormiini WI-B09
    |    |--Clogmia albipunctata WI-B09, WT11
    |    |--Telmatoscopus mergacolis WI-B09
    |    `--Paramormia [incl. Duckhousiella] WI-B09
    |         |--P. furcata WI-B09
    |         `--P. ustulata WI-B09
    |--Mormiini WI-B09
    |    |--Atrichobrunettia alternata WI-B09, CM91
    |    |--Bryopharsos WI-B09
    |    |--Eugenys clavellata WI-B09
    |    |--Mormia O98
    |    `--Brunettia [incl. Neobrunettia Bravo & Amorim 1995] WI-B09
    |         `--B. dominicana WI-B09
    |--Psychodini WI-B09
    |    |--Trichopsychoda insulicola WI-B09, QV81
    |    |--Threticus WI-B09
    |    |--Feuerborniella WI-B09
    |    |--Philosepedon WI-B09
    |    |    |--P. helicis WM96
    |    |    |--P. mauroae Wagner & Masteller 1996 WM96
    |    |    |--P. opposita WM96
    |    |    `--P. quatei WM96
    |    `--Psychoda WI-B09
    |         |--P. alternata CM91
    |         |--P. cinerea WI-B09
    |         |--P. harrisi M83
    |         |--P. juliae Wagner & Masteller 1996 WM96
    |         |--P. ocellaris G20
    |         |--P. phalaenoides WI-B09
    |         |--P. puertoricana Wagner & Masteller 1996 WM96
    |         |--P. satchelli WM96
    |         `--P. spatulata M83
    `--Setomimini WI-B09
         |--Nemoneura liparotes WI-B09
         |--Didicrum pyramidon WI-B09
         |--Desmioza WI-B09
         |--Didimioza symphilia WI-B09
         |--Thrysocanthus WI-B09
         |--Valerianna WI-B09
         |--Neoarisemus maesi WI-B09
         |--Neurosystasis WI-B09
         |--Armillipora selvica Quate 1996 WI-B09
         |--*Australopericoma caudata [incl. A. wirthi] WI-B09
         |--Balbagathis discuspis WI-B09
         |--Setomima WI-B09
         |--Platyplastinx WI-B09
         |--Micrommatos WI-B09
         |    |--M. simplex WI-B09
         |    `--M. sylvaticum WI-B09
         |--Caenobrunettia WI-B09
         |    |--C. sarculosa WI-B09
         |    `--C. subditicia WI-B09
         |--Tonnoira WI-B09
         |    |--T. cavernicola WI-B09
         |    `--T. rapiformis WI-B09
         |--Alepia WI-B09
         |    |--A. diocula WI-B09
         |    |--A. hirtiventris WI-B09
         |    `--A. longinoi WI-B09
         `--Arisemus WI-B09
              |--*A. boxi WM96
              |--A. amydrus WI-B09
              |--A. buzbyae Wagner & Masteller 1996 WM96
              |--A. mariannae Wagner & Masteller 1996 WM96
              `--A. waidei Wagner & Masteller 1996 WM96

Psychodinae incertae sedis:
  Eurygarka helicis QV81
  Breviscapus QV81
  Neotelmatoscopus O98
  Paratelmatoscopus O98
  Epacretron O98
  Gerobrunettia O98
  Notiocharis O98
  Peripsychoda O98
  Ulomyia RD77
  Termitomastus RD77
  Termitodipteron RD77
  Termitadelphos RD77
  Thornburghiella marginalis BW09 [=Pericoma marginalis QV81]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BW09] Buck, M., N. E. Woodley, A. Borkent, D. M. Wood, T. Pape, J. R. Vockeroth, V. Michelsen & S. A. Marshall. 2009. Key to Diptera families—adults. In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 95–156. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[O98] Oosterbroek, P. 1998. The Families of Diptera of the Malay Archipelago. Brill: Leiden.

[QV81] Quate, L. W., & J. R. Vockeroth. 1981. Psychodidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 293–300. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[WI-B09] Wagner, R., & S. Ibáñez-Bernal. 2009. Psychodidae (sand flies, and moth flies or owl flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 319–335. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[WM96] Wagner, R., & E. C. Masteller. 1996. New moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and a key to species from Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 450–464.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.