Helicarion

Helicarion cuvieri, copyright Nuytsia@Tas.

Belongs within: Limacoidei.

Helicarion is a genus of semi-clugs bearing a transparent shell with very fine, very crowded spiral striae (Stanisic et al. 2010).

Characters (from Stanisic et al. 2010): Shell relatively small to medium-sized, ear-shaped, flattened, thin, transparent; last whorl very large; sculpture of very fine, weak, very crowded spiral striae on both the protoconch and teleoconch; base of aperture with diaphanous border. Colour pale yellow-green. Animal colour varying from grey to black, fawn to cream and orange-brown; coloured foot-border and tail tip; mantle lappets only partly covering shell, slime network strongly defined, caudal gland prominent and pointed; visceral organs usually yellow, orange and brown.

<==Helicarion Férussac 1821 SS10 [=Helixarion (l. c.) BR05; Helicarionini]
    |--*H. (Helicarion) cuvieri Férussac 1821 SS10
    `--H. (Austenia) TC89
         |--H. (A.) butleri (see below for synonymy) TC89
         |--‘Austenia’ doisutepensis T84
         |--H. (A.) feae Tapparone Canefri 1889 TC89
         |--H. (A.) peguensis Theobald 1864 [=Vitrina peguensis, Girasia peguensis] TC89
         `--H. (A.) resplendens Nevill 1877 TC89

Helicarion incertae sedis:
  H. insularis PB27
  H. kivuensis PB27
  H. leopardina Iredale 1941 SS10
  H. magnificum TC89
  H. mastersi (Cox 1868) [incl. H. mastersi callidus Iredale 1941] SS10
  H. microgranulatus PB27
  H. niger PB27
  H. ruwenzoriensis PB27
  H. schubotzi PB27
  H. shillongensis TC89
  H. sowerbyanus PB27
  H. stuhlmanni PB27
  H. subsucculentus PB27

Helicarion (Austenia) butleri [=Girasia butleri, incl. Austenia gigas Godwin Austen 1880, Helicarion gigas var. minor Godwin Austen 1875] TC89

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[PB27] Pilsbry, H. A., & J. Bequaert. 1927. The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53 (2): 69–602, pls 10–77.

[SS10] Stanisic, J., M. Shea, D. Potter & O. Griffiths. 2010. Australian Land Snails vol. 1. A. field guide to eastern Australian species. Bioculture Press: Mauritius.

[TC89] Tapparone Canefri, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVIII.—Molluschi terrestri e d’acqua dolce. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 295–359.

[T84] Tillier, S. 1984. Patterns of digestive tract morphology in the limacisation of helicarionid, succineid and athoracophorid snails and slugs (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Malacologia 25 (1): 173–192.