Ephydrinae

Alkali flies Ephydra hians, copyright Judy Gallagher.

Belongs within: Ephydroidea.

The Ephydrinae are a group of shore flies with lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae, and a large, cavernous subcranial cavity. The subcranial cavity is larger and the median facial area and lower facial margin are setose in members of the tribes Scatellini and Ephydrini, whereas Parydra and Dagini often have a smaller subcranial cavity and the median facial area and lower facial margin are bare (Mathis 2010).

Characters (from Mathis 2010): Fronto-orbital setae lateroclinate, usually conspicuous; median facial area and lower facial margin setose, the latter often with long setae (if not, costa short, extended to R₄₊₅); insertions of facial series of setae convergent above; subcranial cavity large and cavernous.

<==Ephydrinae M10
    |  i. s.: Setacera pacifica WMV87
    |         Coenia palustris WMV87, WT11
    |         Paracoenia WMV87
    |           |--P. (Paracoenia) bisetosa WMV87
    |           `--P. (Thiomyia) quatei WMV87
    |         Calocoenia platypelta WMV87
    |         Philotelma alaskense WMV87
    |--Parydra [Parydrini] M10
    |    |--P. (Parydra) aquila WMV87
    |    |--P. fossarum M10
    |    |--P. nigripes M10
    |    `--P. (Chaetoapnaea) parasocia WMV87
    |--Scatellini M10
    |    |--Scatophila cribrata M10
    |    |--Limnellia huachuca M10
    |    |--Haloscatella muria [=Lamproscatella muria] M10
    |    |--Neoscatella vittithorax WMV87, M83
    |    `--Scatella M10
    |         |--S. marinensis M10
    |         |--S. stagnalis P09
    |         `--S. triseta WMV87
    |--Dagini M10
    |    |--Dagus rostratus M10
    |    |--Physemops nemorosus M10
    |    |--Brachydeutera M10
    |    |    |--B. argentata M10
    |    |    |--B. longipes M10
    |    |    `--B. neotropica M10
    |    `--Diedrops M10
    |         |--D. hitchcocki M10
    |         |--D. roldanorum M10
    |         `--D. steineri M10
    `--Ephydrini M10
         |--Dimecoenia spinosa M10
         |--Cirrula M10
         |    |--C. austrina M10
         |    `--C. gigantea WMV87
         `--Ephydra M10
              |  i. s.: E. buresi WMV87
              |         E. californica RD77
              |         E. gracilis M10
              |         E. mexicana M10
              |         E. millibrae M10
              |         E. packardi M10
              |--E. (Ephydra) M10
              |    |--E. (E.) riparia M10
              |    `--E. (E.) subopaca WMV87
              |--E. (Halephydra) cinerea WMV87
              `--E. (Hydropyrus) hians M10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[M10] Mathis, W. N. 2010. Ephydridae (shore flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 2 pp. 1211–1233. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[P09] Pape, T. 2009. Economic importance of Diptera. In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 65–77. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.

[WMV87] Wirth, W. W., W. N. Mathis & J. R. Vockeroth. 1987. Ephydridae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (ed.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 2 pp. 1027–1047. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

Last updated: 10 July 2021.