Sterculioideae

Indian almond Sterculia foetida, from here.

Belongs within: Malvaceae.

The Sterculioideae are a pantropical group of trees and shrubs with apetalous flowers. They were defined by Baum et al. (1998) as a node-based clade including Brachychiton paradoxum, Cola acuminata, Heritiera littoralis and Sterculia foetida. Sterculia species produce leathery (occasionally woody), dehiscent seed pods; the seeds of some species are edible.

Characters (from S. R. Hinsley): Plants typically monoecious. Flowers apetalous (lacking petals), exinvolucellate (lacking an epicalyx), with a fleshy, usually petaloid, gamosepalous (fused) calyx, an absence of staminodes, a monadelphous staminal column, an androgynophore (a stalk separating the calyx from the stamens and styles), and apocarpous (i.e. separated) ovaries and fruits.

<==Sterculioideae BAN98
    |--Cola BAN98
    |    |--C. acuminata BAN98
    |    `--C. lizae FGN07
    |--Heritiera BAN98
    |    |--H. actinophylla [=Argyrodendron actinophyllum] H90
    |    |--H. littoralis BAN98
    |    `--H. simplicifolia W01
    |--Sterculia JD05
    |    |--S. bidwilli C16
    |    |--S. diversifolia C08
    |    |--S. foetida BAN98
    |    |--S. guttata S02
    |    |--S. labrusca JD05
    |    |--S. lanceolata L02
    |    |--S. quadrifida VT13
    |    |--S. religiosa YZ02
    |    |--S. rupestris C16
    |    |--S. urens P03
    |    `--S. villosa CMT06
    `--Brachychiton BAN98
         |--B. acerifolius B00
         |--B. acuminatus MLP09
         |--B. australis B00
         |--B. carruthersii C78
         |--B. discolor B88
         |--B. diversifolius VT13
         |--B. fitzgeraldianus VT13
         |--B. gregorii G04
         |--B. incanus VT13
         |--B. paradoxum BAN98
         |--B. populneus PM10
         |    |--B. p. ssp. populneus H90
         |    `--B. p. ssp. trilobus H90
         |--B. tridentatus VT13
         |--B. tubersulatus VT13
         |--B. viridiflorus VT13
         |--B. viscidulus VT13
         `--B. xanthophyllus VT13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BAN98] Baum, D. A., W. S. Anderson & R. Nyffeler. 1998. A durian by any other name: taxonomy and nomenclature of the core Malvales. Harvard Papers in Botany 3 (2): 315–330.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[C08] Cambage, R. H. 1908. Notes on the native flora of New South Wales. Part VI. Deepwater to Torrington and Emmaville. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33 (1): 45–65, pls 1–2.

[C16] Cambage, R. H. 1916. Notes on the native flora of tropical Queensland. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (3): 389–447, pls 57–61.

[CMT06] Chakrabarty, T., V. Maina & M. Tigga. 2006. Plants used in gathering honey by the Jarawas of Andaman Islands. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 48: 205–206.

[C78] Clunie, N. M. U. 1978. The vegetation. In: Womersley, J. S. (ed.) Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea vol. 1 pp. 1–11. Melbourne University Press: Carlton South (Australia).

[FGN07] Fontaine, B., O. Gargominy & E. Neubert. 2007. Land snail diversity of the savanna/forest mosaic in Lopé National Park, Gabon. Malacologia 49 (2): 313–338.

[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 6. Mt Manning Range. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 35–47.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[JD05] Junge, F. W., M. Dolezych, H. Walther, T. Böttger, A. Kühl, L. Kunzmann, P. Morgenstern, T. Steinberg & R. Stange. 2005. Ein Fenster in Landschaft und Vegetation vor 37 Millionen Jahren: Lithologische, sedimentgeochemische und paläobotanische Befunde aus einem Paläoflusssystem des Weißelsterbeckens. Mauritiana 19 (2): 185–273.

[L02] Li F. 2002. Psocoptera of China vol. 2. Science Press: Beijing.

[MLP09] McKenzie, N. L., S. van Leeuwen & A. M. Pinder. 2009. Introduction to the Pilbara Biodiversity Survey, 2002–2007. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 78 (1): 3–89.

[P03] Paul, T. K. 2003. Botanical observations on the Purulia pumped storage hydropower project area, Bagmundi Hills, Purulia district, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 121–142.

[PM10] Pereyra, V., & L. A. Mound. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Desmothrips (Thysanoptera, Aeolothripidae), an Australian genus of facultative flower-living predators. Systematic Entomology 35: 306–317.

[S02] Santharam, V. 2002. Fruit and nectar resources in a moist deciduous forest and their use by birds—a preliminary report. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 537–543.

[VT13] Vigilante, T., J. Toohey, A. Gorring, V. Blundell, T. Saunders, S. Mangolamara, K. George, J. Oobagooma, M. Waina, K. Morgan & K. Doohan. 2013. Island country: aboriginal connections, values and knowledge of the Western Australian Kimberley islands in the context of an island biological survey. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 145–182.

[W01] Watling, R. 2001. The relationships and possible distributional patterns of boletes in south-east Asia. Mycological Research 105 (12): 1440–1448.

[YZ02] Yahya, H. S. A., & A. A. Zarri. 2002. Status, ecology and behaviour of Narcondam hornbill (Aceros narcondami) in Narcondam Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 434–445.

Last updated: 25 July 2021.