Hordeum

Barley Hordeum vulgare, from here.

Belongs within: Pooideae.

Hordeum, the barleygrasses, is a genus of temperate grasses of which H. vulgare is the commercially grown barley. Hordeum murinum, wall barley, may be a significant component of pastures for animal fodder. Other species, however, may be regarded as weed species.

Characters (from Flora of China): Plants annual or perennial. Culms usually erect. Leaf sheath of cauline leaves split almost to base; ligule membranous or leathery-membranous; auricles present or absent; leaf blade usually flat. Spike dense, usually without a terminal spikelet; rachis short, brittle, rarely flexible. Spikelets usually 3 per node, in regular rows, with 1 (or 2) florets; lateral spikelets usually pedicellate, rarely sessile, often reduced and much smaller than central spikelet; central spikelet usually sessile, rarely pedicellate, perfect. Glumes narrow, subulate-setaceous, sometimes lanceolate dilated at base, inconspicuously 1–3-veined, not keeled. Lemma subrounded abaxially, leathery, rarely leathery-membranous, 5-veined, not keeled, awned or awnless. Palea almost equaling lemma, glabrous, scabrous, or ciliate along keels. Lodicules broadly lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate. Caryopsis usually adnate to lemma and palea, rarely free, oblong, concave furrowed on inner side, apex hairy. x = 7.

<==Hordeum
    |--H. aegiceras [=Critho aegiceras] T08
    |--H. brevisubulatum SS05
    |    |--H. b. var. brevisubulatum SS05
    |    `--H. b. ssp. nevskianum (Bowden) Tzvelev 1971 [=H. nevskianum Bowden 1965] SS05
    |--H. bulbosum PT98
    |--H. comosum [incl. H. jubatum, Elymus lechleri] S06
    |--H. compressum S06
    |    |--H. c. var. compressum S06
    |    |--H. c. var. superatum Hackel in Stuckert 1906 S06
    |    `--H. c. var. tenuispicatum Hackel & Stuckert in Stuckert 1906 S06
    |--H. distichum TG88
    |--H. geniculatum GK00
    |--H. glaucum HE80
    |--H. hexastichon C55
    |--H. maritimum C06
    |--H. murinum Lin. 1753 S06
    |    |--H. m. ssp. murinum S06
    |    `--H. m. ssp. leporinum Richs. 1890 (see below for synonymy) S06
    |--H. pusillum Nutt. 1818 S06
    |--H. secalinum Schreb. 1771 S06
    |    |--H. s. var. secalinum D03
    |    |--H. s. var. chilense D03
    |    `--H. s. var. parviflorum Hackel in Stuckert 1906 S06
    |--H. spontaneum MH98
    |--H. vulgare GPWG01
    `--H. zeocriton C55

Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Richs. 1890 [=H. leporinum Link. 1834; incl. H. ambiguum Doell in Mart. & Eichl. 1880] S06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. The vegetation of western Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 1–34. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[GPWG01] Grass Phylogeny Working Group. 2001. Phylogeny and subfamilial classification of the grasses (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 88 (3): 373–457.

[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. 3. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[MH98] Morikawa, H., A. Higaki, M. Nohno, M. Takahashi, M. Kamada, M. Nakata, G. Toyohara, Y. Okamura, K. Matsui, S. Kitani, K. Fujita, K. Irifune & N. Goshima. 1998. More than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation among 217 plant taxa. Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 180–190.

[SS05] Srivastava, S. K., & K. C. Sekar. 2005. Contribution to the flora of Himachal Pradesh from Pin Valley National Park. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1–4): 159–162.

[S06] Stuckert, T. 1906. Segunda contribución al conocimiento de las gramináceas Argentinas. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 408–555.

[TG88] Tepfer, D., A. Goldmann, N. Pamboukdjian, M. Maille, A. Lepingle, D. Chevalier, J. Dénarié & C. Rosenberg. 1988. A plasmid of Rhizobium meliloti 41 encodes catabolism of two compounds from root exudate of Calystegium sepium. Journal of Bacteriology 170 (3): 1153–1161.

[T08] Turner, F. 1908. Notes and exhibits. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 636.

Last updated: 30 November 2017.