Siliquariidae

Squamous worm snail Tenagodus anguinus, copyright H. Zell.

Belongs within: Cerithiimorpha.

The Siliquariidae are a family of sessile gastropods, living embedded within sponges with their aperture protruding for filter feeding. The shell is loosely coiled, generally with the first few whorls close but later whorls becoming uncoiled. This part of the shell can easily be confused with that of a tube worm, and indeed the type species Tenagodus anguinus was originally described as such. The mantle (and consequently the shell) bears a slit on the right side in species of Tenagodus but both are entire in Stephopoma.

<==Siliquariidae [Rimosa, Siliquariacea, Siliquariana]
    |--Stephopoma Mörch 1860 BR05 [incl. Lilax Finlay 1927 F27; Stephopomatinae BR05, Stephopominae]
    |    |--*S. roseum (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) [=Vermetus roseus] P61
    |    |--S. nucleogranosum Verco 1904 S11 [=*Lilax nucleogranosum F27]
    |    `--S. pennatum [incl. S. pennatum var. bispinosa] C64
    `--Tenagodus Guettard 1770 [=Siliquaria Bruguière 1789; Siliquariinae, Tenagodidae] BR05
         |  i. s.: T. australis (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) MG-H11
         |         T. bernardi C60
         |         ‘Siliquaria’ maoria Powell 1940 P61
         |         T. occlusus (Tenison Woods 1877) DK08
         |         ‘Siliquaria’ ponderosa Morch 1860 H09
         |         ‘Siliquaria’ scalariformis Morch 1860 H09
         |         ‘Siliquaria’ senex Marwick 1926 F27
         |         ‘Siliquaria’ squamata Blainville 1827 MP65
         |         ‘Siliquaria’ triadica Kittl 1892 TTE93
         |         ‘Siliquaria’ trochlearis Morch 1860 H09
         |--*T. (Tenagodus) anguinus (Linnaeus 1758) BR17 [=Serpula anguina BR17, *Siliquaria anguina P61]
         |--‘Siliquaria’ (Agathirses) lima (Lamarck 1818) TTE93
         `--‘Siliquaria’ (Pyxipoma Moerch 1860) TTE93, P61
              |--S. (*P.) multistriata P61
              |--S. (P.) gracilis (Deshayes 1861) TTE93
              `--S. (P.) weldii (Ten. Woods 1876) F27, P61 [incl. S. cumingi Moerch 1860 F27]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C60] Cox, L. R. 1960. Gastropoda: general characteristics of Gastropoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I84–I169. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[DK08] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2008. Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (3): 217–246.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[MP65] Merrill, A. S., & R. E. Petit. 1965. Mollusks new to South Carolina. Nautilus 79 (2): 58–66.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

Last updated: 12 September 2021.