Protohydrachnidia

Rhyncholimnochares sp., copyright Ray Fisher.

Belongs within: Hydrachnidia.
Contains: Eylais.

The Protohydrachnidia are a clade of water mites in which the lateral eyes lack muscles, the last pair of idiosomal dorsoventral muscles are arranged in a median position, and the ejaculatory complex has the distal-sclerite arms and apical setae reduced.

<==Protohydrachnidia
    |--Hydrovolzioidea TBG00
    |    |--Hydrovolziidae [Hydrovolziinae] WWO01
    |    |    |--Stygovolzia Imamura 1957 TBG00
    |    |    |    `--S. uenoi (Imamura 1957) TBG00
    |    |    |--Hydrovolziella Viets 1935 TBG00
    |    |    |    `--*H. lata (Walter 1935) [=Hydrovolzia lata] TBG00
    |    |    `--Hydrovolzia Thor 1905 TBG00
    |    |         |--H. baderi G96
    |    |         |--H. cancellata Walter 1906 TBG00
    |    |         |--H. gerhardi TBG00
    |    |         |--H. japonica Imamura 1961 TBG00
    |    |         |--H. marshallae WL09
    |    |         |--H. persica Bader & Sepasgozarian 1980 TBG00
    |    |         `--H. placophora (Monti 1905) TBG00
    |    `--Acherontacaridae [Acherontacarinae] TBG00
    |         |--Bharatavolzia Cook 1967 TBG00
    |         |    |--B. (Bharatavolzia) muscicola Cook 1967 S86a
    |         |    `--B. (Bharatavolziella Cook 1967) TBG00
    |         |         |--B. (B.) cooki Schwoerbel & Sepasgozarian 1980 S86a
    |         |         `--B. (B.) pallida Cook 1967 S86a
    |         `--Acherontacarus Viets 1932 (see below for synonymy) TBG00
    |              |--*A. halacaroides Viets 1932 TBG00
    |              |--A. bicornis Cook 1974 TBG00
    |              |--A. cedro Lundblad 1962 TBG00
    |              |--A. cicolanii GS96
    |              |--A. dividuus TBG00
    |              |--A. fonticolus Viets 1934 TBG00
    |              |--A. rutilans Angelier 1951 TBG00
    |              |--A. tuberculatus TBG00
    |              `--A. vietsi Angelier 1951 TBG00
    `--Eylaoidea WL09
         |  i. s.: Apheviderulix [Apheviderulicidae] WL09
         |           |--A. santana WL09
         |           `--A. welwitchioides WL09
         |--Piersigiidae WWO01
         |    |--Stygolimnocharinae WL09
         |    |    |--Parawandesia Angelier 1951 WL09, S86b
         |    |    |    `--P. chappuisi Angelier 1951 S86b
         |    |    `--Stygolimnochares Cook 1967 H98
         |    |         |--S. australica Cook 1986 H98
         |    |         `--S. elongata Cook 1967 S86b
         |    `--Piersigiinae WL09
         |         |--Austrapiersigia montana WL09
         |         `--Piersigia WL09
         |              |--P. crusta WL09
         |              |--P. intermedia Wi91
         |              `--P. limnophila WL09
         `--+--Eylais Wo91
            `--Limnocharidae WWO01
                 |--Limnocharinae WL09
                 |    |--Limnochares Latreille 1796 H98
                 |    |    |--L. (Cyclothrix) americana WP99
                 |    |    |--L. aquatica (Linnaeus 1758) Wo91 [=Acarus aquaticus L02]
                 |    |    |--L. australica Lundblad 1941 H98
                 |    |    |--L. crinita WL09
                 |    |    `--L. holoserica [=Hydrachna holoserica] G20
                 |    `--Neolimnochares Lundblad 1937 WL09, RFF05
                 |         |--N. breviscuta Lundblad 1941 RFF05
                 |         |--N. kakadu Harvey 1990 H98
                 |         |--N. petrophila Lundblad 1937 RFF05
                 |         |--N. placophora Lundblad 1937 RFF05
                 |         `--N. pugiunculata Viets 1954 RFF05
                 `--Rhyncholimnocharinae WL09
                      |--Austrolimnochares womersleyi WL09
                      `--Rhyncholimnochares Lundblad 1936 RFF05
                           |  i. s.: R. kittitanniana WL09
                           |         R. womersleyi (Lundblad 1952) [=Paralimnochares womersleyi] H98
                           |--R. (Rhyncholimnochares) RFF05
                           |    |--R. (R.) andina Lundblad 1953 RFF05
                           |    |--R. (R.) expansiseta Cook 1980 RFF05
                           |    |--R. (R.) gracilirostris Lundblad 1953 RFF05
                           |    |--R. (R.) lamellipalpis Lundblad 1936 RFF05
                           |    |--R. (R.) longipalpis Lundblad 1953 RFF05
                           |    `--R. (R.) longiscuta Lundblad 1941 RFF05
                           `--R. (Paralimnochares Lundblad 1937) RFF05
                                |--R. (P.) dipersiai (Rosso de Ferradás 1975) RFF05
                                `--R. (P.) sursumhians (Lundblad 1937) RFF05

Acherontacarus Viets 1932 [incl. Acherontacarellus Lundblad 1962, Acherontacaropsis Cook 1967, Neoacherontacarus Bader 1989] TBG00

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GS96] Gerecke, R., & A. Di Sabatino. 1996. Historical zoogeography and evolution of habitat preference in water mites (Hydracarina) of the central Mediterranean region. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 523–527. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[G96] Gil, M. J. 1996. Water-mite (Hydracarina) larvae of some selected genera from Spain: a phylogenetic inference. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 543–546. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[RFF05] Rosso de Ferradás, B., & H. R. Fernández. 2005. Elenco y biogeografía de los ácaros acuáticos (Acari, Parasitengona, Hydrachnidia) de Sudamérica. Graellsia 61 (2): 181–224.

[S86a] Schwoerbel, J. 1986a. Acari: Limnohalacaridae and Hydrovolziidae. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 643–647. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[S86b] Schwoerbel, J. 1986b. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 652–696. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[TBG00] Tuzovskij, P., D. Benfatti & R. Gerecke. 2000. The water mite family Acherontacaridae Cook, 1967 nov. stat. and diagnosis of the superfamily Hydrovolzioidea Thor, 1905 (Acariformes, Hydrachnidia). Acarologia 41: 451–473.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 233–420. Texas Tech University Press.

[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[Wi91] Witte, H. 1991. The phylogenetic relationships within the Parasitengonae. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 171–182. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[Wo91] Wohltmann, A. 1991. Nutrition and respiratory rate of water mites (Actinedida: Hydrachnidia) from a phylogenetic point of view. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 543–548. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[WWO01] Wohltmann, A., H. Witte & R. Olomski. 2001. Organismal patterns causing high potential for adaptive radiation in Parasitengonae (Acari: Prostigmata). In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 83–99. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.