Anthus

American pipit Anthus rubescens, copyright Jonathan Hornung.

Belongs within: Motacillidae.

Anthus, the pipits, is a cosmopolitan genus of streaked and mottled brown, slender birds with thin bills, medium to long tails, and relatively long legs with elongated hind claws.

<==Anthus Bechstein 1805 CC10
    |--+--+--A. furcatus JF06
    |  |  `--+--A. lutescens BKB15
    |  |     |    |--A. l. lutescens L03
    |  |     |    `--A. l. parvus Lawrence 1865 [=A. (Notiocorys) parvus] L03
    |  |     `--A. spragueii BKB15
    |  `--+--+--A. antarcticus JF06
    |     |  `--A. correndera JT12
    |     `--+--A. bogotensis JF06
    |        |    |--A. b. bogotensis L03
    |        |    `--A. b. meridae Zimmer 1953 L03
    |        `--A. hellmayri Hartert in Hartert & Venturi 1909 BKB15, L03
    `--+--A. gustavi JT12
       `--+--+--A. hodgsoni JT12
          |  `--A. trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, L03 (see below for synonymy)
          `--+--A. cervinus (Pallas 1811) JT12, L03 [=Motacilla cervina M02; incl. A. anadyrensis Allen 1905 L03]
             `--+--A. roseatus JF06
                `--+--A. rubescens JT12
                   `--+--*A. pratensis (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, JT12, L03 (see below for synonymy)
                      `--+--A. petrosus (Montagu 1798) JT12, L03 [incl. A. spinoletta kleinschmidti Hartert 1905 L03]
                         `--A. spinoletta (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, L03
                              |--A. s. spinoletta [incl. A. hiemalis Brehm 1831, A. aquaticus major Brehm 1856] L03
                              |--A. s. coutelli Audouin in Savigny 1828 [incl. A. orientalis Brehm 1855] L03
                              `--A. s. japonicus SA82 [=A. rubescens japonicus VP89]

Anthus incertae sedis:
  A. australis Vieillot 1818 CC10 [=A. novaeseelandiae australis WS48]
    |--A. a. australis (see below for synonymy) L03
    |--A. a. bilbali Mathews 1912 L03
    |--A. a. bistriatus (Swainson 1837) [incl. Australanthus australis flindersi Mathews 1923] L03
    `--A. a. rogersi Mathews 1913 L03
  A. bosniaskii Pycraft 1909 M02
  A. chacoensis Zimmer 1952 [=A. chii chacoensis] L03
  A. chloris Lichtenstein 1842 [incl. A. angolensis Bocage 1870] L03
  A. gutturalis JT12
  A. hoeschi JT12
  A. littoralis Brehm 1823 L03
  A. maculatus Hodgs. 1844 M01
  A. malayensis W66
  A. nattereri JT12
  A. nilghiriensis JT12
  A. pallidiventris JT12
  0--A. sylvanus JF06
  `--+--A. hoesci JF06
     `--+--A. crenatus JF06
        `--A. lineiventris JF06

Anthus australis australis Vieillot 1818 [incl. A. australis adelaidensis Mathews 1912, A. australis hartogi Mathews in Carter & Mathews 1917, A. australis montebelli Montague 1913, A. australis queenslandica Mathews 1912, A. australis subaustralis Mathews 1912, A. novaeseelandiae subaustralis, A. australis subrufus Mathews 1912, A. australis tribulationis Mathews 1912] L03

*Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus 1758) CC10, JT12, L03 [=Alauda pratensis CC10; incl. An. alaudarius Brehm 1841 L03, An. lichtensteinii Brehm 1824 L03, An. limicola Brehm 1841 L03, An. pratensis minor Brehm 1856 L03, An. montanellus Brehm 1824 L03, An. musicus Brehm 1831 L03]

Anthus similis hararensis Neumann 1906 [=A. nicholsoni hararensis; incl. A. nicholsoni longirostris Neumann 1905 non A. obscurus longirostris Brehm 1856, A. similis neumannianus Collin & Hartert 1927] L03

Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, L03 [=Alauda trivialis M01; incl. A. herbarum Brehm 1831 L03, A. arboreus luteigularis Brehm 1856 L03, A. arboreus saxorum Brehm 1856 L03]

Anthus vaalensis neumanni Meinertzhagen 1920 [=A. leucophrys neumanni, A. leucophrys angolensis Neumann 1906 non A. angolensis Bocage 1870] L03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149–186.

[L03] LeCroy, M. 2003. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 5. Passeriformes: Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Vangidae, Bombycillidae, Dulidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae, and Mimidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 278: 1–156.

[M01] Madarász, J. 1901. Madarak [Vögel]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 21–39. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.

[SA82] Sibley, C. G., & J. E. Ahlquist. 1982. The relationships of the Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepaninini) as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Auk 99: 130–140.

[VP89] Viney, C., & K. Phillipps. 1989. Birds of Hong Kong 5^th ed. Government Printer: Hong Kong.

[W66] Walden, A. 1866. Notes on birds collected in Tennasserim and in the Andaman Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 537–556.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.