Athyrididae

Dorsal view of Athyris concentrica, photographed by Dwergenpaartje.

Belongs within: Athyridida.
Contains: Composita.

The Athyrididae were a family of brachiopods that lived from the Upper Silurian to the Triassic. In members of the subfamilies Athyridinae and Diplospirellinae, a jugal saddle is present with bifurcations extending at least partway into the spiralia; this saddle is absent in the Protathyridinae. The jugal bifurcations terminate between the first and second volutions of the terminalia in Athyridinae whereas in Diplospirellinae they continue intercoiled with the primary volutions of the terminalia to their end (Boucot et al. 1965).

See also: The Athyrididae: spiralia and lamellae.

Characters (from Boucot et al. 1965): Smooth or pauciplicate shells commonly with cardinal plate pierced apically, not depressed to form septalium; jugal saddle may occur and lamellar expansions may be developed at growth lines.

Athyrididae [Athyridae]
    |--Spirigerellinae CSZ03
    |    |--Composita CSZ03
    |    `--Spirigerella Waagen 1883 [incl. Athyrella Renz 1913 (n. n.)] BJ65
    |         `--*S. derbyi Waagen 1883 BJ65
    |--Didymothyridinae MM02
    |    |--Corallothyris Modzalevskaya 1970 MM02
    |    |    `--*C. canaliculata (Wenjukow 1899) [=Meristella canaliculata] MM02
    |    `--Pseudoprotathyris Modzalevskaya 1979 MM02
    |         `--*P. infantilis (Kozłowski 1929) [=Protathyris infantile] MM02
    |--Lochengiinae CSZ03
    |    |--Galeatathyris Jin 1983 CSZ03
    |    |--Titanothyris Jin & Hu in Wang et al. 1982 CSZ03
    |    `--Lochengia Yoh 1929 CSZ03 [=Cryptospirifer Grabau 1931 BJ65; incl. Flexathyris Grunt 1980 CSZ03]
    |         |--*L. lochengensis (Grabau 1931) CSZ03 [=*Cryptospirifer lochengensis BJ65]
    |         |--L. enteletiformis CSZ03
    |         |--L. prokofievi [=Flexathyris prokofievi] CSZ03
    |         |--L. qinghaiensis Chen, Shi & Zhan 2003 CSZ03
    |         `--L. variabilis (Möller 1862) [=Athyris (Actinoconcha) variabilis, Flexathyris variabilis] CSZ03
    |--Diplospirellinae [Diplospirinae] BJ65
    |    |--Diplospirella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    |    |    `--*D. wissmanni (Münster 1841) [=Terebratula wissmanni] BJ65
    |    |--Anisactinella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    |    |    `--*A. quadriplecta (Münster 1841) [=Terebratula quadriplecta] BJ65
    |    |--Euractinella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    |    |    `--*E. contraplecta (Münster 1841) [=Terebratula constraplecta] BJ65
    |    `--Pexidella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    |         `--*P. strohmayeri [=Spirifer strohmayeri] BJ65
    |--Cleiothyridininae CSZ03
    |    |--Leiothyrcridina Grunt 1980 CSZ03
    |    |--Bruntonathyris Chen, Shi & Zhan 2003 CSZ03
    |    |    |--*B. amunikeensis Chen, Shi & Zhan 2003 CSZ03
    |    |    |--B. heijianshanensis Chen, Shi & Zhan 2003 CSZ03
    |    |    `--B. patula (Brunton 1980) [=Actinoconchus expansus patulus] CSZ03
    |    `--Cleiothyridina Buckman 1906 CSZ03 (see below for synonymy)
    |         |--*C. deroissii (Léveillé 1835) (see below for synonymy) BJ65
    |         |--C. capillata K79
    |         |--C. media ZP86
    |         `--C. pectinifera RR79
    |--Protathyridinae BJ65
    |    |--Buchanathyris Talent 1956 BJ65
    |    |    `--*B. westoni Talent 1956 BJ65
    |    |--Glassina Hall & Clarke 1893 BJ65
    |    |    `--*G. laeviuscula (Sowerby in Murchison 1839) [=Terebratula laeviuscula] BJ65
    |    |--Protathyris Kozlowski 1929 XY86
    |    |    |--*P. praecursor Kozlowski 1929 BJ65
    |    |    |--P. didyma BJ65
    |    |    `--P. ovalis Tong 1982 XY86
    |    `--Greenfieldia Grabau 1910 BJ65
    |         |--*G. whitfieldi Grabau 1910 BJ65
    |         |--G. orbiculata Modzalevskaya 2003 M03
    |         `--G. uberis M03
    |              |--G. u. uberis M03
    |              `--G. u. tanta Modzalevskaya 1980 M03
    `--Athyridinae [Athyrinae] CSZ03
         |--Anathyrella Khalfin 1961 BJ65
         |    `--*A. ussovi (Khalfin 1933) [=Anathyris ussovi] BJ65
         |--Leptathyris Siehl 1962 BJ65
         |    `--*L. gryphis Siehl 1962 BJ65
         |--Meristospira Grabau 1910 BJ65
         |    `--*M. michiganense Grabau 1910 BJ65
         |--Triathyris Comte 1938 BJ65
         |    `--*T. mucronata (de Verneuil 1850) [=Terebratula mucronata] BJ65
         |--Actinoconchus McCoy 1844 BJ65, CSZ03
         |    |--*A. planosulcata (Phillips 1836) BJ65 (see below for synonymy)
         |    `--A. expansa [=Athyris expansa] CSZ03
         |--Anathyris von Peetz 1901 [incl. Plicathyris Khalfin 1946] BJ65
         |    |--*A. phalaena (Phillips 1841) BJ65 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--A. ezquerrai BJ65
         |    `--‘Athyris’ sibirica Khalfin 1940 [=*Plicathyris sibirica] BJ65
         |--Lamellosathyris Jin & Fang 1983 CSZ03
         |    |--*L. lamellosa (Léveillé 1835) (see below for synonymy) CSZ03
         |    |--L. bradyensis (Carter 1967) [=Athyris bradyensis] CSZ03
         |    |--L. forschi (Janischewsky 1954) [=Athyris forschi] CSZ03
         |    |--L. hannibalensis [=Athyris hannibalensis] CSZ03
         |    `--L. qaidamensis Chen,Shi & Zhan 2003 CSZ03
         `--Athyris McCoy 1844 CSZ03 (see below for synonymy)
              |--*A. concentrica (von Buch 1834) CSZ03 [=Terebratula concentrica CSZ03, *Euthyris concentrica BJ65]
              |--A. angelica N79
              |--A. mongoliensis DX84
              |--A. subquadrata Hall 1858 W77
              |--A. transversa CSZ03
              `--A. vittata BJ65

Athyrididae incertae sedis:
  Atrythyris Struve 1965 CSZ03
  Amphitomella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    `--*A. hemisphaeroidica (Klipstein 1843) [=Terebratula hemisphaeroidica] BJ65
  Anomactinella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    `--*A. ‘flexuosa’ (Münster 1841) [=Terebratula flexuosa non King 1835] BJ65
  Dioristella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    `--*D. indistincta (von Beyrich 1862) [=Terebratula indistincta] BJ65
  Janiceps Frech 1901 BJ65
    `--*J. peracuta (Stache 1878) [=Athyris peracuta] BJ65
  Pentactinella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    `--*P. quinquecostata (Münster 1841) [=Terebratula quinquecostata] BJ65
  Pradoia Comte 1938 BJ65
    |--*P. torenoi (de Verneuil & d’Archiac 1845) [=Terebratula torenoi] BJ65
    `--P. collettei BJ65
  Septathyris Boucot, Johnson & Staton 1964 BJ65
    |--*S. aliena (Drevermann 1904) [=Athyris aliena] BJ65
    `--S. davousti BM05
  Stolzenburgiella Bittner 1903 BJ65
    `--*S. bukowskii Bittner 1903 BJ65
  Tetractinella Bittner 1890 BJ65
    `--*T. trigonella (von Schlotheim 1820) [=Terebratulites trigonellus] BJ65

Nomen nudum: Lochengia holoensis Grabau 1931 BJ65

*Actinoconchus planosulcata (Phillips 1836) BJ65 [=Spirifera planosulcata BJ65, Athyris (Actinoconchus) planosulcatus F71, Spirifer planosulcata W77, Terebratula planosulcata W77]

*Anathyris phalaena (Phillips 1841) BJ65 [=Spirifera phalaena BJ65, Licharewia phalaena F71, Spirifer phalaena F71]

Athyris McCoy 1844 CSZ03 [=Euthyris Quenstedt 1869 BJ65; incl. Cleidothyris Paetel 1875 BJ65, Cliothyris Agassiz 1846 BJ65, Spirithyris Quenstedt 1868 BJ65]

Cleiothyridina Buckman 1906 CSZ03 [=Cleiothyris King 1850 non Phillips 1841 BJ65, Cliothyris Hall & Clarke 1893 non Agassiz 1846 BJ65]

*Cleiothyridina deroissii (Léveillé 1835) [=Spirifer deroissyi, Athyris royssii Davidson 1860, *Cleiothyris deroissyi] BJ65

*Lamellosathyris lamellosa (Léveillé 1835) [=Spirifer lamellosus, Actinoconchus lamellosus, Athyris lamellosa, A. lamellosus (l. c.), Cleiothyridina lamellosa, Lamellosathyris lamellosus (l. c.); incl. Spirifer squamosa Phillips 1836] CSZ03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BM05] Botquelen, A., & E. Mayoral. 2005. Early Devonian bioerosion in the Rade de Brest, Armorican Massif, France. Palaeontology 48 (5): 1057–1064.

[BJ65] Boucot, A. J., J. G. Johnson, C. W. Pitrat & R. D. Staton. 1965. Spiriferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda vol. 2 pp. H632–H728. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).

[CSZ03] Chen, Z.-Q., G. R. Shi & L.-P. Zhan. 2003. Early Carboniferous athyridid brachiopods from the Qaidam Basin, northwest China. Journal of Paleontology 77: 844–862.

[DX84] Ding Y., Xia G., Duan C., Li W., Liu X. & Liang Z. 1984. Study on the early Permian stratigraphy and fauna in Zhesi district, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu (Inner Mongolia). Bulletin Tianjin Institure Geol. Min. Res. 10.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[K79] Kummel, B. 1979. Triassic. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A351–A389. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M03] Modzalevskaya, T. L. 2003. Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73–107.

[MM02] Musteikis, P., & T. L. Modzalevskaya. 2002. Some Silurian brachiopods from Lithuania and their palaeobiogeographical significance. Palaeontology 45 (3): 595–626.

[N79] Norris, A. W. 1979. Devonian in the Western Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A218–A253. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

[XY86] Xu H.-K. & Yao Z.-G. 1986. The Lower Devonian and its brachiopods from Lingshan, Guangxi. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 25 (2): 169–179.

[ZP86] Zhang, R., & J. Pojeta, Jr. 1986. New bivalves from the Datang Stage, Lower Carboniferous, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Paleontology 60 (3): 669–679.