Apiaceae

Carrot Daucus carota, copyright Tigerente.

Belongs within: Apiales.
Contains: Bupleurum, Cymopterus, Lomatium, Perideridia, Saniculeae, Mulineae, Smyrneae, Peucedaneae, Aciphylla, Anisotome.

The Apiaceae, also known as Umbelliferae, is the family of flowering plants including such members as carrots, celery, hemlock and fennel. Most members of the Apiaceae are characterised by (and the family gets its alternative name from) the production of small unspecialised flowers in clustered heads called umbels. Most species are also herbs with hollow or pith-filled stems, pinnately divided leaves with sheathing bases, and specialized fruits (Downie et al. 2000).

Members of the Apiaceae have been divided between the subfamilies Apioideae and Saniculoideae (a third subfamily, Hydrocotyloideae, has been transferred to the Araliacee). Members of the Apioideae bear flowers in compound umbels, while the umbels of Saniculoideae are simple. Fruits of Apioideae often bear a number of secretary ducts (vittae) that produce volatile oils; these vittae are absent in Saniculoideae (Liu et al. 2003). The Apioideae can be divided into tribes on the basis largely of characters of the fruits and seeds, which bear hooked spinulose bristles on secondary ribs in Daucus but have primary ribs only in the Ammineae (Allan 1961). The Lagoecieae produce fruits with a single mericarp and while vittae are present near the apex they may be indistinct (Liu et al. 2003). Azorella is a genus of densely tufted herbs found in southern South America and on sub-Antarctic islands; fruits are more or less subcylindrical and five-ribbed (Allan 1961).

<==Apiaceae [Daucaceae, Umbelliferae]
    |--Saniculoideae LWT03
    |    |  i. s.: Arctopus echinatus LWT03
    |    |         Oligocladus LWT03
    |    |--+--Polemanniopsis marlothii LWT03
    |    |  `--Steganotaenia araliacea LWT03
    |    `--+--Saniculeae LWT03
    |       `--Lichtensteinia LWT03
    |            |--L. lacera LWT03
    |            `--L. obscura LWT03
    `--Apioideae LWT03
         |  i. s.: Tana bojeriana LWT03
         |         Azorella Lam. 1783 T00, A61
         |           |--A. lycopodioides D03
         |           |--A. macquariensis Orchard 1989 SS92
         |           |--A. pedunculata LWT03
         |           |--A. selago Hooker 1847 A61 [=A. (sect. Fragosa) selago C06]
         |           `--A. trifurcata D03
         |         Bolax T00
         |         Diplaspis T00
         |         Dichosciadium T00
         |         Klotzschia T00
         |         Stilbocarpa Gray 1854 T00, A61
         |           `--S. polaris (Homb. & Jacq.) Gray 1854 [=Aralia polaris Homb. & Jacq. ex Hooker 1844] A61
         |         Crithmum maritimum LWT03
         |--Mulineae T00
         |--Smyrneae A61
         |--Peucedaneae A61
         |--Lagoecieae LWT03
         |    |--Lagoecia cuminoides LWT03
         |    `--Petagnaea saniculifolia LWT03
         |--Daucus Linnaeus 1753 [Dauceae] A61
         |    |--D. australis D03
         |    |--D. carota Linnaeus 1753 PL04
         |    |    |--D. c. var. carota M94
         |    |    `--D. c. var. sativa M94
         |    |--D. glochidiatus [=Scandix glochidiata Labill. 1804; incl. D. brachiatus Sieb. in DC. 1830] A61
         |    |--D. guttatus PT98
         |    |--D. involucratus PT98
         |    `--D. pusillus PB83
         `--Ammineae [Apieae] A61
              |--Aciphylla A61
              |--Anisotome A61
              |--Coxella Cheesem. & Hemsl. 1911 A61
              |    `--C. dieffenbachii (Muell.) Cheesem. & Hemsl. 1911 (see below for synonymy) A61
              |--Ammi AGF98
              |    |--A. majus AGF98
              |    `--A. visnaga H93
              |--Lilaeopsis Greene 1891 A61
              |    |--L. lacustris Hill 1927 [incl. Crantzia lineata Hooker 1853 non Nutt. 1818] A61
              |    |--L. masonii H93
              |    |--L. novae-zelandiae (Dand.) Hill 1927 [=Crantzia novae-zelandiae Gandoger 1918] A61
              |    |--L. occidentalis H93
              |    |--L. orbicularis Hill 1928 A61
              |    `--L. polyantha GK00
              `--Apium Linnaeus 1753 A61
                   |--A. annuum GK00
                   |--A. australe Thouars 1804 [incl. A. prostratum Labill. 1804, Petroselinum prostratum DC. 1830] A61
                   |    |--A. a. var. australe A61
                   |    |--A. a. var. angustisectum Wolff 1927 A61
                   |    `--A. a. var. latisectum Wolff 1927 A61
                   |--A. dulce TG88
                   |--A. filiforme (Rich.) Hooker 1852 (see below for synonymy) A61
                   |--A. graveolens Linnaeus 1753 CD07
                   `--A. nodiflorum CS77

Apiaceae incertae sedis:
  Coriandrum sativum K03
  Bupleurum PL04
  Anisosciadium YY22
  Anthriscus V09
    |--A. caucalis [incl. A. scandicina] H93
    |--A. cerefolius [=Choerophyllum sativum] C55b
    `--A. sylvestris C55b
  Biasolettia YY22
  Chaerophyllum ED98
    |--C. bulbosum ED98
    |--C. karsianum Tan & Ocakverdi 1980 ED98
    `--C. posofianum Erik & Demirkuş 1998 ED98
  Dicyclophora YY22
  Echinophora spinosa YY22, C74
  Grammosciadium YY22
  Heterosciadium YY22
  Melopospermum YY22
  Myrrhis odorata YY22, C55b
  Osmorhiza H93
    |  i. s.: O. berterii D03
    |--O. subg. Osmorhiza H93
    |    |--O. brachypoda H93
    |    |--O. chilensis H93
    |    |--O. depauperata H93
    |    `--O. purpurea H93
    `--O. (subg. Glycosma) occidentalis H93
  Physocaulis YY22
  Pyconcycla YY22
  Rhabdosciadium YY22
  Tinguarra YY22
  Asteriscium YY22
  Diplotaenia YY22
  Diposis YY22
  Ferula SDK05
    |--F. asafoetida SDK05
    `--F. communis Y98
         |--F. c. ssp. communis Y98
         `--F. c. ssp. glauca Y98
  Ferulago YY22
  Frommia YY22
  Hermas YY22
  Kenopleurum YY22
  Laretia YY22
  Portenschlagia YY22
  Ledebouriella YY22
  Volkensiella YY22
  Elaeoselinum YY22
  Guillonea YY22
  Laserpitium latifolium YY22, C55a
  Margotia YY22
  Melanoselinum YY22
  Polylophium YY22
  Siler YY22
  Tornabenia YY22
  Trinia glauca H91
  Rhyticarpus YY22
  Glia LWT03
  Anginon streyi LWT03, CV06
  Arracacha esculenta C55b
  Heracleum P04
    |--H. brunonis O88
    |--H. dulce T03
    |--H. lallii O88
    |--H. lanatum T03
    |--H. mantegazzianum P04
    |--H. sphondylium H09
    |    |--H. s. ssp. sphondylium H09
    |    `--H. s. ssp. transsilvanicum H09
    `--H. wallichii O88
  Pastinaca sativa P04
  Scandia P04
    |--S. geniculata P04
    `--S. rosifolia W96 (see below for synonymy)
  Acronema O88
    |--A. handelii O88
    |--A. paniculatum O88
    `--A. tenerum O88
  Carum O88
    |--C. carvi O88
    |--C. multiflorum S98
    `--C. petroselinum C06
  Chamaesium novemjugum O88
  Cortia depressa O88
  Cortiella hookeri O88
  Physospermopsis obtusiuscula O88
  Pimpinella O88
    |--P. saxifraga WH02
    `--P. tibetanica O88
  Pleurospermum O88
    |--P. angelicoides O88
    |--P. apiolens O88
    |--P. benthamii O88
    |--P. brunonis O88
    |--P. dentatum O88
    |--P. hookeri O88
    `--P. rotundatum O88
  Selinum O88
    |--S. cortioides O88
    `--S. tenuifolium O88
  Archangelica officinalis TG88
  Foeniculum B88
    |--F. officionale BM76
    `--F. vulgare B88 [incl. Anethum foeniculum C55b]
  Petroselinum Y98
    |--P. crispum Y98
    |--P. sativum MH98
    `--P. segetum TG88
  Microsciadium minutum PT98
  Orlaya PT98
    |--O. daucoides PT98
    `--O. grandiflora B28
  Scaligeria PL04
    |--S. cretica (Miller) Boissier 1849 PL04
    `--S. napiformis PT98
  Scandix pecten-veneris PT98
  Thapsia garganica PT98
  Tordylium PT98
    |--T. aegaeum PT98
    |--T. apulum PT98
    |--T. maximum H91
    `--T. parviflora C55b
  Torilis PT98
    |--T. arvensis PT98
    |    |--T. a. ssp. arvensis PT98
    |    `--T. a. ssp. purpurea PT98
    |--T. leptophylla PT98
    `--T. nodosa PT98
  Platysace G04
    |--P. filiformis GK00
    |--P. juncea GK00
    `--P. maxwellii G04
  Glehnia littoralis H93
    |--G. l. ssp. littoralis H93
    `--G. l. ssp. leiocarpa H93
  Levisticum officinale MH98
  Anethum graveolens MH98
  Homalosciadium homalocarpum GK00
  Schoenolaena GK00
    |--S. juncea GK00
    `--S. tenuior GK00
  Marlothiella gummifera CV06
  Phlyctidocarpa flava CV06
  Heteromorpha papillosa CV06
  Conium maculatum B88
  Trachyspermum ammi SDK05
  Turgenia latifolia H91 [=Caucalis latifolia C55b]
  Cicuta UP03
    |--C. douglasii H93
    |--C. maculata H93
    |    |--C. m. var. maculata H93
    |    |--C. m. var. angustifolia [incl. C. occidentalis, C. valida] H93
    |    `--C. m. var. bolanderi H93
    `--C. virosa Linnaeus 1753 UP03
  Myrrhidendron donnell-smithii B10
  Cyclospermum leptophyllum K10
  Siebera linearifolia H87
  Caucalis C06
    |--C. daucoides C55b
    `--C. nodosa C06
  Didiscus hemicarpus C16
  Ammoselinum giganteum H93
  Apiastrum angustifolium H93
  Berula erecta H93
  Bowlesia incana H93
  Ciclospermum leptophyllum [=Apium leptophyllum] H93
  Conioselinum pacificum [incl. C. chinense] H93
  Cymopterus H93
  Ligusticum H93
    |--L. apiifolium H93
    |--L. californicum H93
    `--L. grayi H93
  Lomatium H93
  Oenanthe H93
    |--O. pimpinelloides H93
    `--O. sarmentosa H93
  Oreonana H93
    |--O. clementis H93
    |--O. purpurascens H93
    `--O. vestita H93
  Orogenia fusiformis H93
  Oxypolis occidentalis H93
  Perideridia H93
  Podistera nevadensis H93
  Sium suave H93
  Spermolepis echinata H93
  Sphenosciadium capitellatum H93
  Tauschia H93
    |--T. arguta H93
    |--T. glauca H93
    |--T. hartwegii H93
    |--T. howellii H93
    |--T. kelloggii H93
    `--T. parishii H93
  Yabea microcarpa [=Caucalis microcarpa] H93
  Peucedanites spectabilis Heer 1859 CBH93
  Piminellites zizioides Unger 1839 CBH93
  Umbelliferospermum latahense Berry 1929 CBH93
  Umbelliferopsis Gregor 1982 CBH93
  Ainsworthia Boiss. 1844 KC01
  Cesatia Endl. 1838 KC01
  Gasparinia Bertol. 1839 KC01
  ‘Hansenia’ Turcz. 1884 nec Karst. 1879 nec Zopf 1883 KC01

Apium filiforme (Rich.) Hooker 1852 [=Petroselinum filiforme Rich. 1832, A. prostratum var. filiforme Kirk 1899] A61

Coxella dieffenbachii (Muell.) Cheesem. & Hemsl. 1911 [=Gingidium dieffenbachii Muell. 1864, Aciphylla dieffenbachii Kirk 1899, Angelica dieffenbachii Benth. & Hooker 1867, Ligusticum dieffenbachii Hooker 1867] A61

Scandia rosifolia W96 [=Angelica rosaefolia Hooker 1843 W96, Anisotome rosaefolia Hooker 1853 A61; incl. Ligusticum aromaticum Banks & Solander ms non Hooker 1864 W96]

*Type species of generic name indicated

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Last updated: 21 December 2019.