Melicharidae

Rhinoseius females collected phoretic on hummingbirds, from Ramos et al. (2019).

Belongs within: Gamasina.
Contains: Proctolaelaps (Proctolaelaps).

The Melicharidae are an ecologically diverse group of mesostigmatan mites, including predatory, fungivorous and flower-feedings species. The predatory species Melichares agilis and Proctolaelaps pomorum are cosmopolitan in cultivated soil and stored foods, feeding on eggs and immatures of acarid mites (Lindquist et al. 2009).

Characters (from Lindquist et al. 2009): Deutonymphs and adults with dorsal shield setae J1 present; fixed cheliceral digit with pilus dentilis modified to a hyaline flap; movable cheliceral digit usually with a pointed process (mucro) on its mid-ventral face; peritrematic shield of adults free posteriorly from, or narrowly attached to, exopodal plate beside coxa IV; female with laelapid-type sperm access system, lacking a sclerotized spermathecal calyx and associated minor duct, epigynal shield gently rounded posteriorly, third pair of sternal poroids off sternal shield and associated with sternal setae st4, usually with an oval or elliptical anal shield bearing only the three anal setae (or rarely expanded to capture the nearest pair of opisthogastric setae); male with endopodal strips beside coxae III–IV fully integrated with sternitigenital shield.

<==Melicharidae [Melicharini] LKW09
    |--Mycolaelaps maxinae LKW09
    |--Xanthippe clavisetosa CN99
    |--Mucroseius Lindquist 1962 LKW09, FH93
    |    |--*M. monochami Lindquist 1962 LW91 [=Melichares monochami FH93]
    |    |--M. aciculatus (Ishikawa 1968) [=Proctolaelaps aciculatus] LW91
    |    |--M. algonquian Lindquist & Wu 1991 LW91
    |    |--M. californicus Lindquist & Wu 1991 LW91
    |    |--M. disparisetus Lindquist & Wu 1991 LW91
    |    |--M. mexicanus Lindquist & Wu 1991 LW91
    |    |--M. nipponensis Lindquist & Wu 1991 LW91
    |    `--M. squamosus Lindquist & Wu 1991 LW91
    |--Tropicoseius Baker & Yunker 1964 LKW09, FH93
    |    |--T. braziliensis CN99
    |    |--T. colwelli CN99
    |    |--T. fuentesi LKW09
    |    `--T. wetmorei Baker & Yunker 1964 LKW09, FH93 [=Rhinoseius wetmorei FH93]
    |--Melichares Hering 1838 [incl. Garmania Nesbitt 1951, Orolaelaps De Leon 1963] FH93
    |    |--*M. agilis Hering 1838 ET79 [incl. Typhlodromus domesticus Oudemans 1929 FH93, *Garmania domestica E57]
    |    |--M. bombophila (Westerboer in Stammer 1963) [=Garmania (Garmaniella) bombophila] FH93
    |    |--M. grandis Chant 1963 FH93
    |    |--M. juradaeus (Schweizer 1949) [=Lasioseius juradaeus; incl. Proctolaelaps robustus Evans 1958] FH93
    |    `--M. quisqualis (De Leon 1963) [=Orolaelaps quisqualis] FH93
    |--Rhinoseius Baker & Yunker 1964 LKW09, FH93
    |    |--R. bakeri (Dusbábek & Černy 1970) [=Tropicoseius bakeri] FH93
    |    |--R. bisacculatus Fain, Hyland & Aitken 1977 FH93
    |    |--R. changensis (Baker & Yunker 1964) [=Tropicoseius changensis] FH93
    |    |--R. chiriquensis (Baker & Yunker 1964) [=Tropicoseius chiriquensis] FH93
    |    |--R. colwelli Hunter 1972 FH93
    |    |--R. eisenmanni (Baker & Yunker 1964) [=Tropicoseius eisenmanni] FH93
    |    |--R. epoecus Colwell & Naeem 1979 FH93
    |    |--R. erro (Baker & Yunker 1964) [=Tropicoseius erro] FH93
    |    |--R. fairchildi (Baker & Yunker 1964) [=Tropicoseius fairchildi] FH93
    |    |--R. heliconiae (Baker & Yunker 1964) [=Tropicoseius heliconiae] FH93
    |    |--R. mathewsoni Hyland, Fain & Moorhose 1978 FH93
    |    |--R. peregrinator (Baker & Yunker 1964) [=Tropicoseius peregrinator] FH93
    |    |--R. phaethornis Fain, Hyland & Aitken 1977 FH93
    |    |--R. phoreticus Fain, Hyland & Aitken 1977 FH93
    |    |--R. rafinskii CN99
    |    |--R. richardsoni Hunter 1972 FH93
    |    |--R. tiptoni Baker & Yunker 1964 FH93
    |    |--R. trinitatis Fain, Hyland & Aitken 1977 FH93
    |    `--R. venezuelensis (Baker & Yunker 1964) [=Tropicoseius venezuelensis] FH93
    `--Proctolaelaps Berlese 1923 LKW09, FH93 (see below for synonymy)
         |  i. s.: P. antennatus Karg 1985 H98
         |         P. antiquus Treat & Niederman 1967 FH93
         |         P. australis Stone 1988 H98
         |         P. belemensis Fain, Hyland & Aitken 1977 FH93
         |         P. bickleyi (Bram 1956) (see below for synonymy) FH93
         |         P. brevicomis De Leon 1963 FH93
         |         P. coffeae Karg & Rodgriguez 1984 FH93
         |         P. cossi (Dugès 1834) LKW09, E57 [=Gamasus cossi E57, *Jordensia cossi E57]
         |         P. cubanus Karg & Rodriguez 1984 FH93
         |         P. glaucis Fain, Hyland & Aitken 1977 FH93
         |         P. hystrix (Vitzthum 1923) [=Lasioseius hystrix] FH93
         |         P. juradeus W88
         |         P. kirmsei Fain, Hyland & Aitken 1977 FH93
         |         P. lobatus De Leon 1963 FH93
         |         P. longanalis (Westerboer 1963) [=Garmania longanalis] FH93
         |         P. longisetosus (Westerboer in Stammer 1963) [=Garmania (Garmaniella) longisetosa] FH93
         |         P. mariposus (Fox 1946) [=Borinquolaelaps mariposus] FH93
         |         P. mexicanus Hyland, Fain & Moorhouse 1978 FH93
         |         P. micropilis De Leon 1963 FH93
         |         P. nauphoetae (Womersley 1956) [=Blattilaelaps nauphoetae] FH93
         |         P. nemathrix Krantz 1962 FH93
         |         P. neptunis De Leon 1963 FH93
         |         P. nesbitti (Womersley 1956) [=Garmania nesbitti] H98
         |         P. nipponicus LW91
         |         P. novineus El-Banhawy & Nasr 1984 FH93
         |         P. ornatus (Westerboer in Stammer 1963) [=Garmania (Garmaniella) ornata] FH93
         |         P. pacificus Chant 1963 FH93
         |         P. parvanalis (Thor 1930) [=Lasioseius parvanalis] FH93
         |         P. pomorum (Oudemans 1929) [=Typhlodromus pomorum] FH93
         |         P. pygmaeus (Müller 1859) FH93 (see below for synonymy)
         |         P. regalis De Leon 1963 FH93
         |         P. scolyti Evans 1958 FH93
         |         P. spencerae Domrow 1979 H98
         |         P. spiralis Hyland, Fain & Moorhouse 1978 FH93
         |         P. vandenbergi (Ryke 1954) [=Garmania vandenbergi] FH93
         |         P. xyloteri Samšiňák 1960 FH93
         |--P. (Proctolaelaps) FH93
         `--P. (Proctofissus) orbicularis Karg 1985 FH93

Proctolaelaps Berlese 1923 LKW09, FH93 [incl. Blattilaelaps Womersley 1956 FH93, Chamolaelaps Hull in Turk & Turk 1952 FH93, Garmaniella Westerboer & Bernhard in Stammer 1963 FH93, Jordensia Oudemans 1936 FH93, Seiopsis Berlese 1923 FH93]

Proctolaelaps bickleyi (Bram 1956) [=Garmania bickleyi; incl. P. garmanis McGregor 1956, P. lewisi Garman & McGregor 1956, P. striatus Westerboer in Stammer 1963] FH93

Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Müller 1859) FH93 [=Gamasus pygmaeus FH93; incl. Lasioseius alpinus Schweizer 1949 FH93, Typhlodromus bulbicolus Oudemans 1929 FH93, Garmania bulbicola WL89, Hypoaspis hypudaei Oudemans 1902 H98, Garmannia hypudaei S61, Jordensia hypudaei S61, Proctolaelaps hypudaei LKW09, L. innumerabilis Berlese 1918 FH93, L. ventritrichosus Schweizer 1949 FH93]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CN99] Colwell, R. K., & P. Naskrecki. 1999. The volution of host-plant affiliation, body size and sexual dimorphism in hummingbird flower mites (Ascidae: Rhinoseius and Tropicoseius). In: Needham, G. R., R. Mitchell, D. J. Horn & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 2. Symposia pp. 79–86. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[E57] Evans, G. O. 1957. An introduction to the British Mesostigmata (Acarina) with keys to families and genera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 43: 203–259.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[LKW09] Lindquist, E. E., G. W. Krantz & D. E. Walter. 2009. Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 124–232. Texas Tech University Press.

[LW91] Lindquist, E. E., & K. W. Wu. 1991. Review of mites of the genus Mucroseius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with sawyer beetles (Cerambycidae: Monochamus and Mecynippus) and pine wood nematodes [Aphelenchoididae: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle], with descriptions of six new species from Japan and North America, and notes on their previous misidentification. Canadian Entomologist 123: 875–927.

[S61] Schweizer, J. 1961. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Parasitiformes Reuter, mit 246 Arten und Varietäten und 268 meist kombinierten Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84: i–vii, 1–207.

[W88] Walter, D. E. 1988. Nematophagy by soil arthropods from the shortgrass steppe, Chihuahuan desert and Rocky Mountains of the central United States. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 24: 307–316.

[WL89] Walter, D. E., & E. E. Lindquist. 1989. Life history and behavior of mites in the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from grassland soils in Colorado, with taxonomic notes and description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 2797–2813.

Last updated: 13 April 2021.

Halolaelapidae

Drawings of Halolaelaps marinus by Anthonie C. Oudemans.

Belongs within: Gamasina.

The Halolaelapidae are a group of mesostigmatan mites found primarily in damp organic microhabitats, such as compost, manure or intertidal debris. The species Leitneria granulata has a granular cuticle, the sternal shield fused with the endopodal shields around the second coxa, and an enlarged peritrematic shield in the female extending behind the fourth coxa (Evans & Till 1979).

Characters (from Evans & Till 1979): Dorsum of idiosoma in deuteronymph and adult with two subequal shields; metasternal setae free on unsclerotised cuticle or on metasternal shields posterior to the sternal shield; leg II of male spurred; tibia and genu of leg I with two anterolateral setae; tibia I of deuteronymph and adult with three ventral setae; genu IV normally with 5 dorsal setae in deuteronymph and adult; palp apotele three-tined.

<==Halolaelapidae
    |--Halodarcia Karg 1969 FH93
    |    `--H. incideta KA90
    |--Saprosecans Karg 1964 FH93
    |    |--S. baloghi Karg 1964 FH93
    |    |--S. bialoviensis Gwiazdowicz 2001 G01
    |    `--S. lateroplumosa Joerger 1987 G01
    |--Leitneria Evans 1957 FH93
    |    `--*L. granulata (Halbert 1923) [=Gamasellus (Protolaelaps) granulatus] ET79
    |--Saintdidieria Oudemans 1939 ET79
    |    |--*S. sexclavata (Oudemans 1902) ET79 [=Parasitus sexclavatus ET79, Gamasellus sexclavatus R61]
    |    |--S. neoorbinella Ryke 1961 R61
    |    |--S. octoclavata (Vitzthum 1920) [=Gamasellus octoclavatus] R61
    |    `--S. orbinella (Schweizer 1949) [=Copriphis orbinellus] R61
    |--Saprolaelaps Leitner 1946 FH93
    |    |--*S. subtilis Leitner 1946 ET79
    |    `--S. punctulatus ET79
    |--Dinychella Berlese 1888 G01
    `--Halolaelaps Berlese & Trouessart 1889 FH93
         |  i. s.: H. celticus ET79
         |--H. (Halolaelaps) H66
         |    |--*H. (H.) marinus (Brady 1875) ET79 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--H. (H.) gerlachi Hirschmann 1966 H66
         |    `--H. (H.) schusteri Hirschmann 1966 H66
         `--H. (Saprogamasellus Goetz in Willmann 1957) ET79
              |--H. (*S.) strenzkei Goetz in Willmann 1957 [=H. (Saprolaelaps) strenzkei] ET79
              `--H. (S.) nodosus ET79

*Halolaelaps (Halolaelaps) marinus (Brady 1875) ET79 [=Gamasus marinus ET79; incl. H. glabriusculus Berlese & Trouessart 1889 E57]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E57] Evans, G. O. 1957. An introduction to the British Mesostigmata (Acarina) with keys to families and genera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 43: 203–259.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[G01] Gwiazdowicz, D. J. 2001. Saprosecans bialoviensis sp. n. (Acari, Halolaelapidae) from Poland. Biologia 56 (2): 149–153.

[H66] Hirschmann, W. 1966. Gangsystematik der Parasitiformes. Teil 15. Gänge von Litoralmilben und neue Litoralmilbenarten. Acarologie: Schriftenreihe für Vergleichende Milbenkunde 9: 25–44.

[KA90] Krantz, G. W., & B. D. Ainscough. 1990. Acarina: Mesostigmata (Gamasida). In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 583–665. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[R61] Ryke, P. A. J. 1961. A review of the genus Saintdidieria Oudemans (Acarina: Rhodacaridae) with remarks on the genus Lobocephalus Kramer. Acarologia 3 (3): 250–255.

Last updated: 13 April 2021.

Androlaelaps

Female Androlaelaps casalis, from here.

Belongs within: Laelapidae.

Androlaelaps is a genus of laelapid mites found in animal nests, characterised by the presence of a genital shield and separate anal shield in females, together with a long pilus dentilis and ten setae (including seta pl₂) on genu IV (Evans & Till 1979). They may feed facultatively on the nest host by puncturing the skin and drawing blood.

<==Androlaelaps Berlese 1903 H98 (see below for synonymy)
    `--‘Haemolaelaps’ mesopicos group D81
         |--‘Haemolaelaps’ dendropicos D81
         |--‘Haemolaelaps’ haydocki D81
         |--‘Haemolaelaps’ mesopicos D81
         |--‘Haemolaelaps’ palaniae Domrow 1981 D81
         |--‘Haemolaelaps’ steyni D81
         `--‘Haemolaelaps’ wilkini D81

Androlaelaps incertae sedis:
  *A. hermaphrodita (Berlese 1887) ET79, H98 (see below for synonymy)
  A. alexandrini (Fox 1946) [=Ischnolaelaps alexandrini] FH93
  A. anticlea (Domrow 1972) [=Haemolaelaps anticlea] H98
  A. calypso (Domrow 1966) [=Haemolaelaps calypso] H98
  A. casalis (Berlese 1887) FH93 (see below for synonymy)
  A. centrocarpus R96
  A. circularis (Ewing 1933) [=Cyclolaelaps circularis] FH93
  A. cleptusa (Domrow 1972) [=Haemolaelaps cleptusa] H98
  A. crowei (Jameson 1947) [=Eubrachylaelaps jamesoni] FH93
  ‘Haemolaelaps’ cubicularis S61
  A. debilis (Jameson 1950) [=Eubrachylaelaps debilis] FH93
  A. domrowi (Womersley 1958) [=Haemolaelaps domrowi] H98
  A. fahrenholzi (Berlese 1911) FH93 (see below for synonymy)
  ‘Haemolaelaps’ fenilis (Mégnin 1876) H98
  A. flagellatus (Womersley 1958) [=Haemolaelaps flagellata, H. flagellatus] H98
  A. frontalis (Banks 1910) [=Gamasus frontalis; incl. A. sinuosa Furman 1954] FH93
  A. geomys (Strandtmann 1949) [=Haemolaelaps geomys] FH93
  A. grandiculatus Eads 1951 FH93
  A. hattenae (Domrow 1963) [=Haemolaelaps hattenae] H98
  A. hollisteri (Ewing 1925) [=Laelaps hollisteri, *Eubrachylaelaps hollisteri] FH93
  A. jamesoni (Furman 1955) [=Eubrachylaelaps jamesoni] FH93
  A. johnstoni Eads & Hightower 1951 FH93
  A. laertes (Domrow 1972) [=Haemolaelaps laertes] H98
  A. leviculus Eads 1951 FH93
  A. machaeratus (Domrow 1957) [=Haemolaelaps machaeratus] H98
  A. marsupialis (Berlese 1910) H98 (see below for synonymy) H98
  A. martini (Jameson 1951) [=Eubrachylaelaps martini] FH93
  A. morlani (Strandtmann 1949) [=Haemolaelaps morlani] FH93
  ‘Haemolaelaps’ neoflagellata D81
  A. pachyptilae (Zumpt & Till 1956) [=Haemolaelaps pachyptilae] H98
  A. penelope (Domrow 1964) [=Haemolaelaps penelope] H98
  A. pilosus Baker 1992 S95
  A. quartus (Domrow 1961) [=Haemolaelaps quartus] H98
  A. rotundus (Fonseca 1936) L07
  A. schusteri Hirschmann 1966 H66
  A. sisyphus (Domrow 1981) [=Haemolaelaps sisyphus] H98
  A. spinosulus (Berlese 1920) [=Hypoaspis (Haemolaelaps) spinosulus] FH93
  A. spinosus (Furman 1955) [=Eubrachylaelaps spinosus] FH93
  A. sternalis (Ewing 1922) [=Ichoronyssus sternalis] FH93
  A. telemachus (Domrow 1964) [=Androlaelaps telemachus] H98
  A. theseus (Zumpt 1950) [=Hypoaspis (Androlaelaps) theseus] L55
  A. ulixes (Domrow 1972) [=Haemolaelaps ulixes] H98
  A. ulysses (Domrow 1961) [=Haemolaelaps ulysses] H98
  A. zaheri E-KO07

Androlaelaps Berlese 1903 H98 [incl. Atricholaelaps Ewing 1929 FH93, Cyclolaelaps Ewing 1933 FH93, Eubrachylaelaps Ewing 1929 FH93, Haemolaelaps Berlese 1910 FH93, Ischnolaelaps Fonseca 1936 FH93, Turkiella Zumpt & Till 1953 FH93, Zygolaelaps Tipton 1957 FH93]

Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese 1887) FH93 [=Iphis casalis FH93, Haemolaelaps casalis H98; incl. Hypoaspis freemani Hughes 1948 FH93, Ha. haemorrhagicus Asanuma 1952 FH93, Atricholaelaps megaventralis Strandtmann 1947 FH93, Androlaelaps megaventralis SL71, Haemolaelaps molestus Oudemans 1929 FH93, Hypoaspis oculatus Oudemans 1915 FH93, Hy. soarianus Hull 1925 FH93]

Androlaelaps fahrenholzi (Berlese 1911) FH93 [=Laelaps (Haemolaelaps) fahrenholzi FH93; incl. La. californicus Ewing 1925 FH93, Haemolaelaps cricetophilus Vitzthum 1930 FH93, Hypoaspis (Haemolaelaps) eos Zumpt & Patterson 1951 FH93, Laelaps glasgowi Ewing 1925 FH93, Haemolaelaps glasgowi MZ91, Hypoaspis microti Oudemans 1926 FH93, Ha. mohrae Oudemans 1928 FH93, Ischnolaelaps rhabdomys Radford 1939 FH93, Ha. scalopi Keegan 1946 FH93, Liponyssus setiger Ewing 1920 FH93, Atricholaelaps sigmodoni Strandtmann 1946 FH93, Lelaps (l. c.) stegemoni Hefley 1935 FH93, At. strandtmanni Fox 1947 FH93, Laelaps virginianus Ewing 1925 FH93]

*Androlaelaps hermaphrodita (Berlese 1887) ET79, H98 [=Laelaps (Iphis) hermaphrodita FH93, A. hermaphroditus H98; incl. A. setosus Fox 1946 FH93]

Androlaelaps marsupialis (Berlese 1910) H98 [=Laelaps marsupialis H98, *Haemolaelaps marsupialis D81; inl. Hypoaspis perameles Derrick et al. 1939 (n. n.) H98]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D81] Domrow, R. 1981. Oriental Mesostigmata (Acari). 6. A Malesian member of the mesopicos group (Haemolaelaps). Acarologia 22 (2): 115–119.

[E-KO07] El-Kammah, K. M., & L. M. I. Oyoun. 2007. Taxonomic records of mite species associated with animal and poultry farms in the Nile delta, vally and N. Sinai Egypt. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 223–232. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[H66] Hirschmann, W. 1966. Gangsystematik der Parasitiformes. Teil 15. Gänge von Litoralmilben und neue Litoralmilbenarten. Acarologie: Schriftenreihe für Vergleichende Milbenkunde 9: 25–44.

[L07] Lareschi, M. 2007. Seasonal occurrence of ectoparasites associated with the water rat Scapteromys aquaticus (Muridae, Sigmodontinae) from Punta Lara, Argentina. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 233–240. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[L55] Lavoipierre, M. M. J. 1955. On two new species and new records of Acarina mainly from the Ethiopian region. Parasitology 45 (1–2): 121–127.

[MZ91] Meng Y.-C., Zhuge H.-X., Lan M.-Y. & Zhou H.-F. 1991. Experimental study on transmission of haemorrhagic fever with remal syndrome virus by mites, Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst). In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 35–39. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[R96] Ruf, A. 1996. Life-history patterns in soil-inhabiting mesostigmatid mites (Dermanyssina, Parasitina). In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 621–628. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[S61] Schweizer, J. 1961. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Parasitiformes Reuter, mit 246 Arten und Varietäten und 268 meist kombinierten Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84: i–vii, 1–207.

[SL71] Spain, A. V., & M. Luxton. 1971. Catalog and bibliography of the Acari of the New Zealand subregion. Pacific Insects Monograph 25: 179–226.

[S95] Strong, K. L. 1995. A new species of Hypoaspis (Acarina: Laelapidae) associated with funnel-web spiders (Araneae: Hexathelidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52: 219–223.

Last updated: 11 April 2021.

Rhinonyssidae

Female Ptilonyssus cerchneis, dorsal view, from here.

Belongs within: Gamasina.

The Rhinonyssidae are a group of endoparasitic mites found in the respiratory tracts of birds (Evans & Till 1979).

Characters (from Lindquist et al. 2009): Sternal shield reduced or absent but with distinct, and often distinctive, sternal setae, epigynal shield well developed or reduced, stigmata dorsal, peritremes greatly reduced or absent. Tibia and genu I each with two anterolateral setae.

<==Rhinonyssidae [Rhinonyssinae] LKW09
    |--Neonyssus LKW09
    |    |--N. columbae Crossley 1950 [=Mesonyssus columbae, Tinaminyssus columbae] H98
    |    `--N. intermedius H23
    |--Cas angrensis (de Castro 1948) LKW09, H98 [=Rhinonyssus angrensis H98, Ptilonyssus angrensis H98]
    |--Larinyssus Strandtmann 1948 H98
    |    |--L. benoiti Fain 1961 H98
    |    `--L. orbicularis Strandtmann 1948 H98
    |--Rhinoecius Cooreman 1946 ET79
    |    |--*R. oti Cooreman 1946 ET79
    |    `--R. cooremani Strandtmann 1952 H98
    |--Ruandanyssus Fain 1957 H98
    |    |--R. artami Domrow 1969 H98
    |    `--R. terpsiphonei Fain 1957 H98
    |--Rallinyssus Strandtmann 1948 H98
    |    |--R. caudistigmus Strandtmann 1948 H98
    |    |--R. congolensis Fain 1956 H98
    |    `--R. gallinulae Fain 1960 H98
    |--Rhinonyssus Trouessart 1894 ET79
    |    |  i. s.: R. himantopus Strandtmann 1951 H98
    |    |         R. minutus (Bregetova 1950) [=Sternostomum minutum] H98
    |    |         R. poliocephali Fain 1956 H98
    |    |         R. rhinolethrum (Trouessart 1895) [=Sternostomum rhinolethrum, R. rhinolethrus] H98
    |    |--*R. (Rhinonyssus) coniventris Trouessart 1894 ET79
    |    |    |--R. c. coniventris ET79
    |    |    `--R. c. echinipes ET79
    |    `--R. (Neonyssoides Hirst 1923 H23
    |         `--R. (*N.) nucifragae Hirst 1923 H23
    |--Sternostoma Berlese & Trouessart 1889 ET79 [=Sternostomum Trouessart 1895 E57]
    |    |--*S. cryptorhynchum Berlese & Trouessart 1889 ET79
    |    |--S. cooremani Fain 1956 H98
    |    |--S. cuculorum Fain 1956 [incl. S. zosteropus Domrow 1966] H98
    |    |--S. dureni Fain 1956 H98
    |    |--S. gliciphilae Domrow 1966 H98
    |    |--S. loxiae ET79
    |    |--S. neosittae domrow 1969 H98
    |    |--S. paddae Fain 1958 H98
    |    |--S. technaui Vitzthum 1935 [=Sternostomum technaui] H98
    |    |--S. thienponti Fain 1956 H98
    |    `--S. tracheacolum Lawrence 1948 H98
    |--Tinaminyssus Strandtmann & Wharton 1958 H98
    |    |--T. aprosmicti (Domrow 1964) [=Mesonyssoides aprosmicti; incl. M. platycerci Domrow 1964] H98
    |    |--T. belopolskii (Bregetova 1950) [=Neonyssus belopolskii, Mesonyssus belopolskii] H98
    |    |--T. daceloae (Domrow 1965) [=Mesonyssus daceloae] H98
    |    |--T. geopeliae (Fain 1964) [=Mesonyssus geopeliae] H98
    |    |--T. halcyonus (Domrow 1965) [=Mesonyssus halcyonus] H98
    |    |--T. hirtus (Wilson 1966) [=Mesonyssus hirtus] H98
    |    |--T. kakatuae (Domrow 1964) [=Mesonyssoides kakatuae, Mesonyssus kakatuae] H98
    |    |--T. macropygiae (Wilson 1966) [=Mesonyssus macropygiae] H98
    |    |--T. megaloprepiae Domrow 1969 H98
    |    |--T. melloi (de Castro 1948) [=Neonyssus melloi, Mesonyssus melloi] H98
    |    |--T. myristicivorae Domrow 1969 H98
    |    |--T. ocyphabus (Domrow 1965) [=Mesonyssus ocyphabus] H98
    |    |--T. phabus (Domrow 1965) [=Mesonyssus phabus] H98
    |    |--T. tanysipterae (Wilson 1966) [=Mesonyssus tanysipterae] H98
    |    |--T. trichoglossi (Domrow 1964) [=Mesonyssoides trichoglossi, Mesonyssus trichoglossi] H98
    |    `--T. welchi Domrow 1969 H98
    `--Ptilonyssus Berlese & Trouessart 1889 [incl. Rhinonyssoides Hirst 1921] H98
         |--*P. echinatus Berlese & Trouessart 1889 ET79
         |--P. acrocephali Fain 1964 H98
         |--P. ailuroedi Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. astridae Fain 1956 [=Paraneonyssus astridae] H98
         |--P. balimoensis Sakakibara 1968 H98
         |--P. bradypteri (Fain 1962) [=Passeronyssus bradypteri] H98
         |--P. buloloensis Sakakibara 1968 H98
         |--P. capitatus (Strandtmann 1956) [=Paraneonyssus capitatus] H98
         |--P. cerchneis Fain 1957 [=Rhinonyssoides cerchneis] H98
         |--P. cinnyris Zumpt & Till 1955 [=Rhinonyssoides cinnyris] H98
         |--P. colluricinclae Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. condylocoxa Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |--P. conopophilae Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |--P. corcoracis Domrow 1969 H98
         |--P. cractici Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. dicaei Domrow 1966 H98
         |--P. dicruri Fain 1956 [=Passeronyssus dicruri, Ptilonyssoides dicruri] H98
         |--P. dioptrornis Fain 1956 [=Ptilonyssoides dioptrornis] H98
         |--P. emberizae Fain 1956 [=Paraneonyssus emberizae] H98
         |--P. gerygonae Domrow 1969 H98
         |--P. gliciphilae Domrow 1966 H98
         |--P. grallinae Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. hirsti (de Castro & Periera 1947) [=Neonyssus hirsti, Paraneonyssus hirsti] H98
         |--P. lymozemae Domrow 1965 H98
         |--P. macclurei Fain 1963 H98
         |--P. maluri Domrow 1965 H98
         |--P. meliphagae Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. microecae Domrow 1966 H98
         |--P. monarchae Domrow 1969 H98
         |--P. motacillae Fain 1956 [incl. P. estrildicola taeniopygiae Fain 1963] H98
         |--P. myzanthae Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. myzomelae Domrow 1965 H98
         |--P. neochmiae Domrow 1969 H98
         |--P. ohioensis LKW09
         |--P. orthonychus Domrow 1969 H98
         |--P. philemoni Domrow 1964 [incl. P. pentagonicus Fain & Lukoschus 1979] H98
         |--P. pittae Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. pseudothymanzae Fain & Lukoschus 1979 H98
         |--P. psophodae Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. rhipidurae Domrow 1966 H98
         |--P. ruandae Fain 1956 H98
         |--P. setosae Domrow 1969 H98
         |--P. sittae Fain 1965 H98
         |--P. sphecotheris Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. stomioperae Domrow 1966 H98
         |--P. struthideae Domrow 1969 H98
         |--P. sturnopastoris Fain 1963 H98
         |--P. terpsiphonei Fain 1956 H98
         |--P. thymanzae Domrow 1964 H98
         |--P. triscutatus (Vitzthum 1935) [=Ptilonyssoides triscutatus] H98
         `--P. trouessarti (Hirst 1921) [=Rhinonyssoides trouessarti] H98

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E57] Evans, G. O. 1957. An introduction to the British Mesostigmata (Acarina) with keys to families and genera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 43: 203–259.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[H23] Hirst, S. 1923. On some new or little-known species of Acari. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1923: 971–1000.

[LKW09] Lindquist, E. E., G. W. Krantz & D. E. Walter. 2009. Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 124–232. Texas Tech University Press.

Macronyssidae

Female Ornithonyssus bursa, copyright Marcelo de Campos Pereira.

Belongs within: Gamasina.

The Macronyssidae are a group of mites mostly ectoparasitic on reptiles, birds and mammals, in which the deuteronymphal stage of the life cycle is inactive and non-feeding (Evans & Till 1979).

Characters (from Lindquist et al. 2009): Chelicerae elongate, edentate; tritosternum well developed, with laciniae; corniculi membranous, usually lobate. Palptrochanter often with raised medioventral keel. Leg coxa II with large anterior non-setigerous spur (rarely minute or absent), other coxae without spurs but occasionally with small ridges; genu and tibia I each with two anterolateral setae; genu IV typically with two ventral setae.

<==Macronyssidae [Macronyssinae] LKW09
    |--Mitonyssoides stercoralis Yunker, Lukoschus & Giesen 1990 SLH18
    |--Lepronyssoides LKW09
    |--Draconyssus LKW09
    |--Cryptonyssus desultorius M-M96
    |--Pellonyssus Clark & Yunker 1956 H98
    |    `--P. reedi (Zumpt & Patterson 1952) [=Steatonyssus reedi] H98
    |--Macronyssoides M-M96
    |    |--M. conciliatus M-M96
    |    `--M. kochi M-M96
    |--Radfordiella WK09
    |    |--R. anourae M-M96
    |    |--R. desmodi M-M96
    |    `--R. oricola M-M96
    |--Chiroptonyssus M-M96
    |    |--C. haematophagus M-M96
    |    |--C. robustipes M-M96
    |    `--C. venezolanus M-M96
    |--Parichoronyssus M-M96
    |    |--P. crassipes M-M96
    |    |--P. euthysternum M-M96
    |    |--P. radovskyi M-M96
    |    `--P. sclerus M-M96
    |--Steatonyssus Kolenati 1858 [incl. Ceratonyssus Ewing 1923] ET79
    |    |--*S. periblepharus Kolenati 1858 ET79
    |    |--S. (Steatonyssus) leptus M-M96
    |    |--S. murinus KK54
    |    |--S. musculi (Schrank 1803) [=Acarus musculi] E57
    |    `--S. patriciae Domrow 1969 H98
    |--Ophionyssus Mégnin 1884 (see below for synonymy) ET79
    |    |--*O. natricis (Gervais 1844) [=Dermanyssus natricis] ET79
    |    |--O. arnhemlandensis (Womersley 1956) [=Neoliponyssus arnhemlandensis, Sauronyssus arnhemlandensis] H98
    |    |--O. ehmanni Donrow 1985 H98
    |    |--O. galloticolus Fain & Bannert 2000 BKW00
    |    |--O. saurarum ET79
    |    |--O. scincorum Domrow et al. 1980 H98
    |    `--O. setosus BKW00
    |--Trichonyssus Domrow 1959 H98
    |    |--T. australicus (Womersley 1956) [=Chiroptonyssus australicus, Ichoronyssus australicus] H98
    |    |--T. caputmedusae Domrow 1986 H98
    |    |--T. lukoschusi Micherdzinski & Domrow 1985 H98
    |    |--T. nixoni Micherdzinski & Domrow 1985 H98
    |    |--T. solivagus Domrow 1986 H98
    |    |--T. streetorum Micherdzinski & Domrow 1985 h98
    |    `--T. womerleyi Domrow 1959 H98
    |--Macronyssus Kolenati 1858 (see below for synonymy) ET79
    |    |--*M. longimanus (Kolenati 1857) [=Caris longimana] ET79
    |    |--M. aristippe (Domrow 1959) [=Ichoronyssus aristippe] H98
    |    |--M. crosbyi M-M96
    |    |--M. flavus Y91
    |    |--M. kolenatii ET79
    |    |--M. longisetosus M-M96
    |    |--M. leucippe (Domrow 1959) [=Ichoronyssus leucippe] H98
    |    |--‘Liponyssus’ sternalis Hirst 1921 [=*Hirstesia sternalis] E57
    |    `--M. unidens M-M96
    `--Ornithonyssus Sambon 1928 H98 (see below for synonymy)
         |--*O. sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago 1877) H98 (see below for synonymy)
         |--O. acrobates Micherdzinski & Domrow 1985 H98
         |--O. bacoti (Hirst 1913) [=Leiognathus bacoti, Bdellonyssus bacoti, Liponyssus bacoti] H98
         |--O. bursa (Berlese 1888) (see below for synonymy) H98
         |--O. campester Micherdzinski & Domrow 1985 H98
         |--O. dasyuri Domrow 1983 H98
         |--O. latro Domrow 1963 H98
         |--O. petauri Michedzinski 1980 H98
         |--O. praedo Domrow 1971 H98
         |--O. stigmaticus Micherdzinski & Domrow 1985 H98
         `--O. taphozous Micherdzinski & Domrow 1985 H98

Macronyssus Kolenati 1858 [incl. Allonyssus Buitendijk 1945, Hirstesia Fonseca 1948, Lepronyssus Kolenati 1858] ET79

Ophionyssus Mégnin 1884 [incl. Neoliponyssus Ewing 1929, Oudemansiella Fonseca 1948 non Speg. 1881 (ICBN), Sauronyssus Sambon 1928, Serpenticola Ewing 1923] ET79

Ornithonyssus Sambon 1928 H98 [incl. Bdellonyssus Fonseca 1941 H98, Fonsecaonyssus Radford 1950 ET79, Leiognathus Canestrini 1884 (preoc.) H98]

Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese 1888) [=Leiognathus bursa, Bdellonyssus bursa, Liponyssus bursa; incl. Le. morsitans Hirst 1915] H98

*Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago 1877) H98 [=Dermanyssus sylviarum H98, Fonsecaonyssus sylviarum H98, Leiognathus sylviarum E57]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BKW00] Bannert, B., H. Y. Karaca & A. Wohltmann. 2000. Life cycle and parasitic interaction of the lizard-parasitizing mite Ophionyssus galloticolus (Acari: Gamasida: Macronyssidae), with remarks about the evolutionary consequences of parasitism in mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology 24: 597–613.

[E57] Evans, G. O. 1957. An introduction to the British Mesostigmata (Acarina) with keys to families and genera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 43: 203–259.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[KK54] Klemmer, K., & H. E. Krampitz. 1954. Zur Kenntnis der Säugetierfauna Siziliens. Senckenbergiana Biologica 35 (3-4): 121–135.

[LKW09] Lindquist, E. E., G. W. Krantz & D. E. Walter. 2009. Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 124–232. Texas Tech University Press.

[M-M96] Morales-Malacara, J. B. 1996. Mesostigmatid (Mesostigmata) ectoparasites of bats in México. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 105–108. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[SLH18] Seeman, O. D., E. E. Lindquist & R. W. Husband. 2018. A new tribe of tarsonemid mites (Trombidiformes: Heterostigmata) parasitic on tetrigid grasshoppers (Orthoptera). Zootaxa 4418 (1): 1–54.

[WK09] Walter, D. E., & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Oviposition and life stages. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 57–63. Texas Tech University Press.

[Y91] Yastrebtsov, A. V. 1991. Features of the embryonic development of gamasid mites (Parasitiformes, Gamasida). In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 115–119. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

Trachyuropoda

Trachyuropoda sp., copyright Centre for Biodiversity Genomics.

Belongs within: Uropodoidea.

Trachyuropoda is a genus of strongly sculptured uropodoid mites. Species are mostly myrmecophilous though the species T. termitophila is found in association with termites (Lindquist et al. 2009).

Characters (from Evans & Till 1979): Strongly sculptured species without perigenital field; levator tendon of movable digit of chelicera with a sclerotised node; dorsal shield not divided; forked pilus dentilis present; idiosoma not constricted posterior to coxae IV; opisthogaster lacking sub-circular setae-bearing depressions; pedofossae present in both sexes; femur I with eight setae; genu I with pair of ventral setae; genua III and IV each with at least one ventral seta.

<==Trachyuropoda Berlese 1888 FH93 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*T. festiva Berlese 1888 ET79
    |--T. ablesi Hirschmann 1976 FH93
    |--T. auricularis (Hull 1923) [=Janetiella auricularis] H98
    |--T. baloghisimilis Hirschmann 1976 VKC07
    |--T. borinqueni Fox 1957 FH93
    |--T. bostocki ET79
    |--T. constricta Banks 1916 (n. d.) H98
    |--T. dominula Berlese 1910 [=T. (Janetiella) dominula] FH93
    |--T. formicaria (Lubbock 1881) AKK96, E57 [=Uropoda formicariae E57, *Urotrachytes formicariae E57]
    |--T. gracilis VKC07
    |--T. laminosa (Can. & Berl. 1884) S22, S61 [=T. (Urojanetia) laminosa S22]
    |--T. leai Banks 1916 (n. d.) H98
    |--T. lindquisti Hirschmann 1976 FH93
    |--T. longa Ewing 1917 FH93
    |--T. mahunkai VKC07
    |--T. mesofovea VKC07
    |--T. mexicana Hirschmann 1976 FH93
    |--T. michaeli Ewing 1910 [=Glyphopsis michaeli] FH93
    |--T. quadriauricularia Hirshmann 1976 VKC07
    |--T. schusteri VKC07
    |--T. similiathiasae VKC07
    |--T. termitophila LKW09
    `--T. trinidadis Hirschmann 1976 [incl. T. margaretaensis Hirschmann 1979] FH93

Trachyuropoda Berlese 1888 FH93 [incl. Michaeliella Berlese 1904 FH93, Paulitzia Oudemans 1915 FH93, Urotrachytes Berlese 1904 ET79]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AKK96] Alberti, G., T. Kaiser & A.-K. Klauer. 1996. New ultrastructural observations of the coxal glands (nephridia) of Acari. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 309–318. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[E57] Evans, G. O. 1957. An introduction to the British Mesostigmata (Acarina) with keys to families and genera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 43: 203–259.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[LKW09] Lindquist, E. E., G. W. Krantz & D. E. Walter. 2009. Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 124–232. Texas Tech University Press.

[S22] Schweizer, J. 1922. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der terrestrischen Milbenfauna der Schweiz. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 33: 23–112, 4 pls.

[S61] Schweizer, J. 1961. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Parasitiformes Reuter, mit 246 Arten und Varietäten und 268 meist kombinierten Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84: i–vii, 1–207.

[VKC07] Vázquez, M. M., H. Klompen & C. I. Chargoy. 2007. Study of the Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) in tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and Belize. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 43–50. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

Trichouropoda

Trichouropoda orbicularis, photographed by Eric Palevsky.

Belongs within: Uropodoidea.

Trichouropoda is a genus of uropodoid mites characterised by the presence of one or two pairs of remarkably long posteroventral setae on the idiosoma (Evans & Till 1979). The species T. orbicularis may be found colonising food storages (Lindquist et al. 2009).

Characters (from Evans & Till 1979): Levator tendon of movable digit of chelicera with a sclerotized node; dorsal shield not divided; idiosoma with one or two pairs of outstandingly long setae posteroventrally; both sexes with pedofossae; genu I lacking paired ventral setae.

<==Trichouropoda Berlese 1916 H98 [incl. Ipiduropoda Hirschmann 1978 FH93, Leiodinychus Berlese 1917 E57]
    |--*T. longiseta (Berlese 1888) ET79 [=Uropoda longiseta FH93]
    |--T. adjuncti Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. alascae Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1987 FH93
    |--T. albertaserrata Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. angusta Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93
    |--T. asionis Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. australis Hirschmann 1972 [=Leiodinychus australis Moser & Roton 1971 (n. n.)] FH93
    |--T. azteka (Vitzthum 1921) [=Uropoda azteka] FH93
    |--T. bellatula VKC07
    |--T. bipilis ET79
    |--T. bonansai Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. californica Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. campbelli Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. canadainterstructura Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. canadaobscura Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. canadaovalis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. canadatuberosa Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. canadensis (Berlese 1904) [=Uropoda campomolendina var. canadensis] FH93
    |--T. chiapasa Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. cienfugi Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. cocosensis Hirschman & Wiśniewski 1988 VKC07
    |--T. columbiaovalis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. columbiaserrata Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. concinna (Trouessart 1902) [=Uropoda concinna] FH93
    |--T. coprophila Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. cribricollis Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1987 FH93
    |--T. cubana Huţu 1977 FH93
    |--T. denticulata Hirschmann 1972 [=Uropodinychus denticulatus Moser & Roton 1971 (n. n.)] FH93
    |--T. denticulatasimilis Wiśniewski & Hirschmann 1987 FH93
    |--T. durangoensis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. eichleri Hirschmann & Wisniewski 1987 H98
    |--T. elegantissima Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. falconis Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. fallax (Vitzthum 1926) [=Uropoda fallax] FH93
    |--T. febris (Vitzthum 1926) [=Uropoda febris] FH93
    |--T. fumiakii VKC07
    |--T. fungivora Hirshmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. grandjeani Hirschmann 1972 FH93
    |--T. guatemalensis Hirschmann 1972 FH93
    |--T. hirsuta Hirschmann 1972 [=Leiodinychus hirsutus Moser & Roton 1971 (n. n.)] FH93
    |--T. hondurasae Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93
    |--T. idahoensis Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93
    |--T. integra Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. knoxvillensis Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93
    |--T. krantzi LKW09
    |--T. kryptopoda VKC07
    |--T. lamellosa Hirschmann 1972 [=Urodinychus lamellosus Moser & Roton 1971 (n. n.)] FH93
    |--T. lativentris (Vitzthum 1926) [=Uropoda lativentris] FH93
    |--T. leoniana Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. lindquisti Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. lindquistisimilis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. longitricha Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1969 FH93
    |--T. maeandralis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. martini Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. mazatlani Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. mexicodialveolata Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |--T. mexicoovalis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. mirabilis Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. montanae Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93
    |--T. montezumae Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1987 FH93
    |--T. moseri Hirschmann 1972 FH93
    |--T. obscura (Koch 1836) [=Notaspis obscurus] FH93
    |--T. obscurasimilis Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1961 H91
    |--T. ontarioovalis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. orbimexicana Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. orbicularis (Koch 1839) H98 (see below for synonymy)
    |--T. ovalis (Koch 1839) K07
    |--T. ovalistreati Hirschmann 1980 FH93
    |--T. pallida (Ewing 1909) [=Uropoda pallida] FH93
    |--‘Leiodinychus’ parasititucs SH01
    |--T. peritrematalis Hirschmann 1972 FH93
    |--T. pinevillensis Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. pityophthori Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. polycanadiensis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. polycolumbiensis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. polyguatemalae Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93
    |--T. polymexicana Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. polypora Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. polytrichasimilis Hirschmann 1972 FH93
    |--T. praeacuta (Fox 1948) [=Leiodinychus praeacutus] FH93
    |--T. rufipennis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. rugosa Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1987 FH93
    |--T. saltoensis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. sellnicki Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1969 [incl. T. atlantica Sellnick 1963 (preoc.)] FH93
    |--T. sellnickioides Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1988 FH93
    |--T. serratasimilis Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. similibipilus Hirschmann 1972 FH93
    |--T. simpla (Fox 1948) [=Leiodinychus simplus] FH93
    |--T. solarissima Hirschmann 1978 VKC07
    |--T. somersetana Wisniewski & Hirschmann 1987 H98
    |--T. spickaovalis Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93
    |--T. tegucigalpae Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93
    |--T. transportabilis (Vitzthum 1921) [=Uropoda transportabilis, Trichoruopoda (l. c.) transportabilis] H98
    |--T. treati Hirschmann 1980 FH93
    |--T. trichomexicana Hirschmann 1978 FH93
    |--T. urospinoidea Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1961 FH93
    |--T. utahensis Wiśniewski & Hirschmann in Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1987 FH93
    |--T. uvaeformis (Vitzthum 1921) [=Uropoda uvaeformis, Trichoruopoda (l. c.) uvaeformis] H98
    `--T. wilkinsoni Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1986 FH93

Trichouropoda orbicularis (Koch 1839) H98 [=Notaspis orbicularis H98, Leiodinychus orbicularis LO91; incl. Uropoda krameri Canestrini 1884 H98, Urodinychus (*Leiodinychus) krameri S22, E57]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[H91] Huţu, M. 1991. Reproduction, embryonic and postembryonic development of Trichouropoda obscurasimilis Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1961 (Anactinotrichida: Uropodina). In: Schuster, R., & P. W. Murphy (eds) The Acari: Reproduction, development and life-history strategies pp. 287–299. Chapman & Hall: London.

[K07] Kontschán, J. 2007. Some new records of Uropodina mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro with descriptions of two new species. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 99: 177–188.

[LO91] Lehtinen, P. T., & I. Oksala. 1991. Astigmatic and prostigmatic mites of grain stores, mills and sawmills in Finland. In: Schuster, R., & P. W. Murphy (eds) The Acari: Reproduction, development and life-history strategies pp. 519–520. Chapman & Hall: London.

[LKW09] Lindquist, E. E., G. W. Krantz & D. E. Walter. 2009. Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 124–232. Texas Tech University Press.

[S22] Schweizer, J. 1922. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der terrestrischen Milbenfauna der Schweiz. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 33: 23–112, 4 pls.

[SH01] Sumangala, K., & M. A. Haq. 2001. Survey of the mite fauna associated with Apis spp. in Kerala, southern India. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 565–568. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[VKC07] Vázquez, M. M., H. Klompen & C. I. Chargoy. 2007. Study of the Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) in tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and Belize. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 43–50. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

Last updated: 7 April 2021.

Mesostigmata

Sejus togatus, dorsal (left) and ventral views, copyright Edenis.

Belongs within: Parasitiformes.
Contains: Trigynaspida, Uropodina, Gamasina.

The Mesostigmata are a taxonomically and ecologically diverse group of mites in which the venter of the subcapitulum bears a pair of corniculi together with at most four pairs of setae, and the bases of the chelicerae are surrounded by a sclerotised ring that usually projects above into an epistome. Major subgroups of the Mesostigmata include the Sejoidea, a group of densely setose mites with fragmented dorsal and ventral plates. The oviporus in females is covered by a single large plate, usually bearing six or more setae (rarely two to four). The greater number of species of Sejoidea are included in the family Sejidae, females of which have a distinct pygidial shield that often bears a pair of posterior horn-like processes (Lindquist et al. 2009).

<==Mesostigmata [Gamasida, Gamasini, Gamasoidea, Monogynaspides, Trichopygidiina]
    |--Sejoidea [Liroaspina, Sejida, Sejina] L91
    |    |--Uropodella Berlese 1888 FH93 [Uropodellidae LKW09]
    |    |    |--U. laciniata Berlese 1888 [incl. U. camini Hirschmann & Zierngiebl-Nicol 1984] FH93
    |    |    `--U. krantzi Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1984 FH93
    |    |--Ichthyostomatogasteridae LKW09
    |    |    |--Japanoasternolaelaps LKW09
    |    |    |--Archaeopodella Athias-Henriot 1977 LKW09, H98
    |    |    |    `--A. scopulifera Athias-Henriot 1977 H98
    |    |    `--Asternolaelaps Berlese 1923 [incl. Ichthyostomatogaster Sellnick 1953] FH93
    |    |         |  i. s.: A. australis Womersley & Domrow 1959 H98
    |    |         |--*A. (Asternolaelaps) fecundus Berlese 1923 ET79 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |         `--A. (Parasternolaelaps Athias-Henriot 1972) LKW09
    |    |              `--A. (*P.) castrii LKW09
    |    `--Sejidae [Liroaspidae, Liroaspoidea, Seiidae] LKW09
    |         |--Epicroseius Berlese 1905 FH93
    |         |--Adenosejus krantzi LKW09
    |         |--Africasejus LKW09
    |         |--Zuluacarus LKW09
    |         |--Liroaspis Banks 1902 H98
    |         |    |--*L. americana Banks 1902 E57, FH93 [=Sejus americanus FH93]
    |         |    `--L. acanthurus (Canestrini 1884) [=Sejus acanthurus, Seius acanthurus, Zercon acanthurus] H98
    |         `--Sejus Koch 1836 [incl. Dwigubskyia Oudemans 1936, Willmannia Balogh 1938] FH93
    |              |--*S. togatus Koch 1836 ET79 [=Liroaspis togatus S61]
    |              |--S. aciculatus Evans & Hyatt 1960 FH93
    |              |--S. armatus (Fox 1947) [=Liroaspis armatus] FH93
    |              |--S. baloghi LKW09
    |              |--S. borealis (Berlese 1904) K91
    |              |--S. insulanus Trägårdh 1931 T31
    |              |--‘Seius’ italicus Berlese 1916 H98
    |              |--S. necorniger (Oudemans 1903) K91
    |              |--S. paricornis Berlese 1916 H98
    |              |--S. porosus (Domrow 1957) [=Epicroseius porosus] H98
    |              |--S. sanborni Packard 1888 FH93
    |              |--S. serratus (Halbert 1915) K91 [=*Microcheles serratus S58, Zercon serratus S58]
    |              `--‘Willmannia’ sejiformis QA91
    `--+--Trigynaspida L91
       `--Monogynaspida L91
            |--Uropodina LKW09
            |--Gamasina LKW09
            |--Heatherella Walter 1997 H98 [Heatherellidae, Heatherellina LKW09, Heatherelloidea]
            |    |--*H. acanthocharis Walter 1997 W97
            |    `--H. callimaulos Walter 1997 H98
            |--Microgynioidea [Microgyniina] LKW09
            |    |--Nothogynus Walter & Krantz 1999 [Nothogynidae] WK99
            |    |    |--*N. klompeni Walter & Krantz 1999 WK99
            |    |    `--N. camini Walter & Krantz 1999 WK99
            |    `--Microgyniidae LKW09
            |         |--Microgynium Trägåardh 1942 FH93
            |         |    |--M. incisum Krantz 1961 FH93
            |         |    `--M. rectangulatum WK99
            |         `--Microsejus Traegardh 1942 ET79
            |              `--*M. truncicola Traegardh 1942 ET79
            `--Heterozerconoidea [Heterozerconina] LKW09
                 |--Discozerconidae LKW09
                 |    |--Discomegistus Trägårdh 1911 FH93
                 |    |    `--*D. pectinatus Trägårdh 1911 FH93
                 |    `--Discozercon Berlese 1910 FH93
                 |         |--*D. mirabilis Berlese 1910 V25
                 |         `--D. derricki Domrow 1956 H98
                 `--Heterozerconidae LKW09
                      |--Afroheterozercon ancoratus LKW09
                      |--Amheterozercon amphisbaenae [=Zeterohercon amphisbaenae] LKW09
                      |--Narceoheterozercon ohioensis LKW09
                      |--Allozercon Vitzthum 1924 V25
                      |    `--*A. fecundissimus Vitzthum 1924 V25
                      `--Heterozercon Berlese 1888 FH93
                           |--*H. degeneratus Berlese 1888 V25
                           |--H. audax Berlese 1910 [incl. H. elapsus Vitzthum 1924] V25
                           |--H. cautus Berlese 1923 V25
                           `--H. latus LKW09

Mesostigmata incertae sedis:
  Streptolaelaps heteromys Furman 1955 QV01
  Tricholaelaps myonysognathus Grochovskaya & Mguen-Xuan-Hoe 1961 MZ91
  Spelaeorhynchus Neumann 1902 FA67 [Spelaeorhynchidae LKW09]
    |--*S. praecursor Neumann 1902 [incl. S. latus Banks 1917] FA67
    |--S. chilonycteris Fain, Anastos et al. 1967 FA67
    `--S. monophylli Fain, Anastos et al. 1967 FA67
  ‘Nicoletia’ Canestrini & Fanzago 1877 non Gervais 1842 CF77
    `--*N. cornuta Canestrini & Fanzago 1877 CF77
  Trachynotus CF77
    |--T. cadaverinus S22
    `--T. troguloides [incl. T. elongatus] CF77
  Toxopeusia Oudemans 1927 [Toxopeusiidae] O28
    |--T. strandi Oudemans 1927 O28
    `--T. vitzthumi Oudemans 1927 O28
  Neoberlesia equitans AL37

*Asternolaelaps (Asternolaelaps) fecundus Berlese 1923 ET79 [incl. Ichthyostomatogaster nyhleni Sellnick 1953 FH93]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AL37] André, M., & É. Lamy. 1937. Les Idées actuelles sur la Phylogénie des Acariens. Published by the author: Paris.

[CF77] Canestrini, G., & F. Fanzago. 1877. Intorno agli Acari Italiani. Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 5, 4: 69–208, pls 2–7.

[E57] Evans, G. O. 1957. An introduction to the British Mesostigmata (Acarina) with keys to families and genera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 43: 203–259.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FA67] Fain, A., G. Anastos, J. Camin & D. Johnston. 1967. Notes on the genus Spelaeorhynchus description of S. praecursor Neumann and of two new species. Acarologia 9 (3): 535–556.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[K91] Koehler, H. H. 1991. A five year study on the secondary succession of Gamasina on a ruderal site: the influence of recultivation. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 373–383. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[L91] Lehtinen, P. T. 1991. Phylogeny and zoogeography of the Holothyrida. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 101–113. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[LKW09] Lindquist, E. E., G. W. Krantz & D. E. Walter. 2009. Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G. W. & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed., pp. 124-232. Texas Tech University Press.

[MZ91] Meng Y.-C., Zhuge H.-X., Lan M.-Y. & Zhou H.-F. 1991. Experimental study on transmission of haemorrhagic fever with remal syndrome virus by mites, Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst). In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 35–39. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[O28] Oudemans, A. C. 1928. Fauna Buruana. Acari. Treubia 7 (Suppl. 2): 37–100.

[QA91] Quintero, M. T., & H. A. Acevedo. 1991. Studies on deep litter mites on farms in Mexico. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 443–448. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[QV01] Quintero, M. M. T., M. Vargas, B. S. Hernández, P García & N. J. Otero. 2001. Ectoparasitic mites on Heteromys gaumeri in the south of Yucatan, Mexico. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 583–585. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[S22] Schweizer, J. 1922. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der terrestrischen Milbenfauna der Schweiz. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 33: 23–112, 4 pls.

[S61] Schweizer, J. 1961. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Parasitiformes Reuter, mit 246 Arten und Varietäten und 268 meist kombinierten Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84: i–vii, 1–207.

[S58] Sellnick, M. 1958. Die familie Zerconidae Berlese. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 3: 313–368.

[T31] Trägårdh, I. 1931. Acarina from the Juan Fernandez Islands. Natural History of Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands 3 (4): 553–628.

[V25] Vitzthum, H. 1925. Fauna sumatrensis. (Beitrag no. 5). Acarinae. Supplementa Entomologica 11: 1–79.

[W97] Walter, D. E. 1997. Heatherellidae—a new family of Mesostigmata (Acari: Parasitiformes) based on two new species from rainforest litter in Australia. International Journal of Acarology 23 (3): 167–175.

[WK99] Walter, D. E., & G. W. Krantz. 1999. New early derivative mesostigmatans from Australia: Nothogynus n. g., Nothogynidae n. fam. (Mesostigmata: Microgyniina). International Journal of Acarology 25: 67–76.

Last updated: 31 March 2021.