Orthopteroidea

Part and counterpart of holotype of Heterologus langfordorum, from the Illinois State Museum.

Belongs within: Polyneoptera.
Contains: Holophasmatodea, Embioptera, Ischnoneuridae, Ampelipteridae, Caloneurodea, Orthoptera.

The Orthopteroidea is an insect clade supported by molecular analysis (Terry & Whiting 2005), including the grasshoppers, stick insects and webspinners.

<==Orthopteroidea [Gryllidea, Orthopterida]
    |  i. s.: Pteroferganella Gorokhov 1989 BN02
    |--Eukinolabia TW05
    |    |--Holophasmatodea TW05
    |    `--+--Embioptera TW05
    |       `--Brachyphyllophagus [Brachyphyllophagidae] R02c
    |            `--B. phasma R02c
    `--Archaeorthoptera BN05
         |  i. s.: Palaeomastax Handlirsch 1904 BN05
         |           `--*P. carbonis Handlirsch 1904 [=Omalia carbonis] BN05
         |         Omaliella Béthoux & Nel 2005 BN05
         |           `--*O. ramosa Béthoux & Nel 2005 BN05
         |         Ischnoptera Béthoux & Nel 2005 BN05
         |           `--*I. diaphanes Béthoux & Nel 2005 BN05
         |         Cnemidolestodea B06
         |           |  i. s.: Cnemidolestes Handlirsch 1906 BN05
         |           |           `--*C. woodwardi (Brongniart 1893) (see below for synonymy) BN05
         |           |         Bouleites Lameere 1917 B05
         |           |           `--*B. latipennis Lameere 1917 [=Buleites (l. c.) latipennis] BN05
         |           |         Amphiboliacridites Langiaux & Parriat 1974 B05
         |           |--Ischnoneuridae B05
         |           `--Narkema Handlirsch 1911 [Narkemidae] B05
         |                `--*N. taeniatum Handlirsch 1911 B05
         |         Angarohagla variegata Zherikhin 1985 BN02
         |         Gerarulus Handlirsch 1911 BN02
         |           `--G. radialis Handlirsch 1911 BN02
         |         Coselia Bolton 1922 [Coseliidae] B06
         |           `--*C. palmiformis Bolton 1922 [=Omalia (Coselia) palmiformis] BN05
         |         Omalia Van Beneden & Coemans 1867 BN05 [Omaliidae BN02]
         |           |--*O. macroptera Van Beneden & Coemans 1867 BN05
         |           `--O. anae Brauckmann et al. 2001 BN05
         |         0--Ctenoptilus Lameere 1917 B06 (see below for synonymy)
         |         |    `--C. elongatus (Brongniart 1893) (see below for synonymy) BN05
         |         `--Eoblatta Handlirsch 1906 [Eoblattidae] B06
         |              |--*E. robusta (Brongniart 1893) (see below for synonymy) BN05
         |              |--E. brongniarti Lameere 1917 BN05
         |              `--E. zeilleri Langiaux & Parriat 1974 BN05
         |         Protophasma Brongniart 1879 [Protophasmatidae] B06
         |           `--P. dumasi R02b
         |         Gerapompidae R02b
         |           |--Gerapompus R02b
         |           |--Cheliphlebia R02b
         |           |--Palaeocarria ornata R02b
         |           `--Aenigmatella Sharov 1961 BN05
         |         Cacurgidae B06
         |           |--Spilomastax oligoneurus Handlirsch 1911 BN02
         |           |--Archimastax americanus Handlirsch 1906 BN02
         |           |--Cacurgellus barryi Pruvost 1919 BN02
         |           |--Cacurgolopsis sanguinettiae BN02
         |           `--Cacurgus Handlirsch 1911 B06
         |                `--*C. spilopterus Handlirsch 1911 B06
         |         Pachytylopsidae BN02
         |           |--Symballophlebia Handlirsch 1904 R02b, BN02
         |           `--Pachytylopsis de Borre 1875 BN02
         |                `--P. persenairei de Borre 1875 BN02
         |         Tococladidae [Heteroptilidae, Nugonioneuridae] BN02
         |           |--Opisthocladus BN02
         |           |    |--O. arcuatus Carpenter 1976 BN02
         |           |    `--O. strictus Carpenter 1976 BN02
         |           `--Tococladus BN02
         |                |--T. rallus Carpenter 1966 BN02
         |                `--T. similis R02a
         |         Emphyloptera [Emphylopteridae] BN02
         |           `--E. lecrivaini Pruvost 1919 BN02
         |         Ampelipteridae BN02
         |         Bintoniellidae BN02
         |           |  i. s.: Provitimia Sharov 1968 BN02
         |           |--Bintoniellinae B N02
         |           |    |--Bintoniella Handlirsch 1939 BN02
         |           |    `--Eubintoniella Gorokhov 1987 BN02
         |           `--Oshiellinae BN02
         |                |--Probintoniella triassica Sharov 1968 BN02
         |                |--Oshiellana primaria (Sharov 1968) BN02
         |                `--Stenoshiella angusta Gorokhov 1987 BN02
         |--Hapaloptera [Hapalopteridae] BN02
         |    `--H. gracilis Handlirsch 1906 BN02
         `--+--+--Heterologopsis ruhrensis Brauckmann & Koch 1982 BN02
            |  `--Carpenteroptera [Carpenteropteridae] BN02
            |       `--C. onzii Pinto 1990 BN02
            `--Panorthoptera B05
                 |  i. s.: Anthrakoris aetherius Richardson 1956 [=Anthracoris (l. c.) aetherius] BN02
                 |         Protopachytylopsis leckwicki Laurentiaux & Laurentiaux-Vieira 1981 BN02
                 |--+--Caloneurodea B05
                 |  `--Permostridulus Béthoux, Nel et al. 2003 BN03
                 |       `--*P. brongniarti Béthoux, Nel et al. 2003 BN03
                 |--Orthoptera TW05
                 |--Heterologus [Heterologidae] BN02
                 |    `--H. langfordorum Carpenter 1944 BN02
                 |--Herdina Carpenter & Richardson 1971 [Herdinidae, Herdiniidae] BN02
                 |    `--H. mirificus Carpenter & Richardson 1971 BN02
                 `--Stenoneuridae BN05
                      |--*Stenoneura fayoli Brongniart 1893 BN05
                      `--Anegertus R02b

*Cnemidolestes woodwardi (Brongniart 1893) [=Protophasma woodwardi, Protodiamphipnoa (Protophasma) woodwardi] BN05

Ctenoptilus Lameere 1917 B06 [incl. Eoblattina Bolton 1925 BN05, Ischnoneurilla Handlirsch 1919 BN05, Ischnoneurula Handlirsch 1919 BN05]

Ctenoptilus elongatus (Brongniart 1893) [=Ischnoneura elongata, *Ischnoneurilla elongata; incl. Eoblattina complexa Bolton 1925, Homalophlebia trouessarti Meunier 1911, *Ctenoptilus trouessarti] BN05

*Eoblatta robusta (Brongniart 1893) [=Stenoneura robusta, Leptoneura robusta Brongniart 1885 (n. n.)] BN05

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B05] Béthoux, O. 2005. Cnemidolestodea (Insecta): an ancient order reinstated. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3 (4): 403-408.

[B06] Béthoux, O. 2006. Revision of Cacurgus Handlirsch, 1911, a basal Pennsylvanian Archaeorthoptera (Insecta: Neoptera). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 47 (1-2): 29-35.

[BN02] Béthoux, O., & A. Nel. 2002. Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov. Zootaxa 96: 1-88.

[BN05] Béthoux, O., & A. Nel. 2005. Some Palaeozoic ‘Protorthoptera’ are ‘ancestral’ orthopteroids: major wing braces as clues to a new split among the ‘Protorthoptera’ (Insecta). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2 (4): 285-309.

[BN03] Béthoux, O., A. Nel, J. Lapeyrie & G. Gand. 2003. The Permostridulidae fam. n. (Panorthoptera), a new enigmatic insect family from the Upper Permian of France. European Journal of Entomology 100: 581-585.

[R02a] Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002a. Cohors Cimiciformes Laicharting, 1781. In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 104-115. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[R02b] Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002b. Infraclass Gryllones Laicharting, 1781. The grylloneans (=Polyneoptera Martynov, 1938). In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 254-262. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[R02c] Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002c. Order Embiida Burmeister, 1835. The webspinners (=Embioptera Shipley, 1904). In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 291-293. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[TW05] Terry, M. D., & M. F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics 21: 240-257.