Chrysididae

Hedychridium ardens, copyright Arnstein Staverløkk.

Belongs within: Aculeata.
Contains: Chrysis, Ellampus, Hedychrum.

The Chrysididae, cuckoo wasps, are a group of parasitoid and cleptoparasitic wasps in which the terminal metasomal segments form a telescopic tube that is usually concealed by the preceding six or fewer terga (Naumann 1991). Members of the Chrysidinae are heavily sclerotised and brightly metallic in coloration, and have the underside of the metasoma flattened, allowing them to roll into a ball when threatened. Chrysidinae are cleptoparasites in the nests of Apoidea and Vespidae (Naumann 1991).

<==Chrysididae [Chrysidides, Cleptidae]
    |--Cleptinae B03
    |    |--Heterocoelia Dahlb. 1854 B03
    |    |    `--*H. nigriventris B03
    |    `--Cleptes Latreille 1802 PK17, B03
    |         |--*C. semiauratus [=Ichneumon semiauratus] L02
    |         |--C. afra Lucas 1849 E12
    |         |--C. alienus B11
    |         |--C. elegans Mocsáry in Mocsáry & Szépligeti 1901 MS01
    |         `--C. nitidulus MS01
    `--+--Amiseginae B11
       |    |--Myrmecomimesis N91
       |    |--Mesitiopterus RD77
       |    |--Bupon pashoanus B11
       |    `--Amisega B11
       |         |--A. flavicrus B11
       |         `--A. similis B11
       `--Chrysidinae B11
            |    i. s.: Primeuchroeus N91
            |           Praestochrysis lusca N91
            |           Chrysogona Förster 1853 B03
            |             |--*C. gracillima B03
            |             `--C. pumila Klug 1845 [incl. Chrysis assimilis Dahlb. 1854 (preoc.), Chrysogona assimilis] B03
            |           Euchroeus Latr. 1809 B03
            |             |--*E. purpuratus B03
            |             |--E. cupreiventris Cam. 1902 B03
            |             `--E. sexdentatus [=Chrysis (Euchraeus) sexdentata] G20
            |--Allocoelia [Allocoeliini] B11
            |    `--A. capensis B11
            `--+--+--Chrysidini B11
               |  |    |--Chrysis PK17
               |  |    |--Chrysura pacifica B11
               |  |    `--Stilbum Spinola 1806 non Tode 1790 (ICBN) B11, B03
               |  |         |--*S. cyanurum (Först. 1771) B03 (see below for synonymy)
               |  |         `--S. nobile [=Chrysis (Stilbum) nobile] K18
               |  `--Parnopes Latreille 1796 PK17, B03 [Parnopinae, Parnopini]
               |       |--*P. carnea B03 [=Chrysis carnea L02]
               |       |--P. chrysoprasinus BM76
               |       |--P. edwardsii BM76
               |       |--P. fischeri B11
               |       |--P. fulvicornis BM76
               |       |--P. grandior PK17
               |       |--P. popovii MS01
               |       `--P. viridis Brullé 1846 B03
               `--Elampini [Ellampinae] B11
                    |--Ellampus PK17
                    |--Holophrys B03
                    |--Philoctetes B03
                    |--Hedychrum B03
                    |--Holopyga Dahlb. 1854 B03
                    |    |--*H. ventralis B03
                    |    |--H. amoenula MS01
                    |    |--H. chrysonota BM76
                    |    |--H. coriacea MS01
                    |    |--H. cupreata Nurse 1902 B03
                    |    |--H. gloriosa MS01
                    |    |--H. indica Mocsáry 1889 B03
                    |    `--H. nursei Bingham 1903 B03
                    `--Hedychridium Ab. de Perrin 1879 B03
                         |--*H. anale B03
                         |--H. ardens (Coquebert 1801) K08 [=Chrysis ardens B03]
                         |--H. minutum (Lepel. 1806) [=Hedychrum minutum] B03
                         |--H. perversum Nurse 1902 B03
                         |--H. rosae BM76
                         |--H. rugosum (Smith 1852) [=Hedychrum rugosum, Holopyga rugosa] B03
                         |--H. selectum Nurse 1902 B03
                         `--H. wroughtoni du Buysson 1896 B03

Chrysididae incertae sedis:
  Neochrysis panamensis BM76
  Trichrysis cyanea BM76
  Ceratochrysis BM76
  Pseudolopyga BM76
  Argochrysis armilla JB13
  Holochrysis R70
  Loboscelidia [Loboscelidiidae, Loboscelidiinae] N91
  Dahurochrysis veta Rasnitsyn 1990 RJ93
  Hypocleptes rasnitsyni P92
  Protamisega khatanga P92
  Procleptes carpenteri P92
  Protochrysidis succinalis P92
  Palaeochrum diversum Krombein 1986 P92
  Protadelphe aenea Krombein 1986 P92

*Stilbum cyanurum (Först. 1771) B03 [=Chrysis cyanura B03; incl. C. amethystina Fabr. 1775 B03, Stilbum cyanurum var. amethystinum B03, S. splendidum Spinola 1806 B03, Chrysis (Stilbum) splendida G20, S. cyanurum var. splendidum B03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B03] Bingham, C. T. 1903. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera vol. 2. Ants and Cuckoo-Wasps. Taylor and Francis: London.

[BM76] Bohart, R. M., & A. S. Menke. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press: Berkeley.

[B11] Brothers, D. J. 2011. A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata). ZooKeys 130: 515–542.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[JB13] Johnson, B. R., M. L. Borowiec, J. C. Chiu, E. K. Lee, J. Atallah & P. S. Ward. 2013. Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps. Current Biology 23: 2058–2062.

[K08] Klaus, D. 2008. Triungulinus-Aggregationen von Meloë proscarabaeus L.—Beobachtungen aus Sachsen-Anhalt und Sachsen (Insecta, Coleoptera, Meloidae). Mauritiana 20 (2): 371–380.

[K18] Kohl, F. F. 1918. Die Hautflügergruppe "Sphecinae". IV. Teil. Die natürliche Gattung Sceliphron Klug (Pelopoeus Latr.). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien 32: 1–171.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[N91] Naumann, I. D. 1991. Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants, sawflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 916–1000. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[R70] Riek, E. F. 1970. Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 867–959. Melbourne University Press.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

Last updated: 13 March 2021.