Ensifera

Forewing of Raphogla rubra, from Béthoux et al. (2002).

Belongs within: Orthoptera.
Contains: Anostostomatidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Stenopelmatidae, Haglida.

The Ensifera include the long-horned orthopterans: the crickets, katydids and related taxa. Living members of this clade mostly retain many-segmented antennae that are generally longer than the main body length.

Synapomorphies (from Béthoux & Nel 2002): Forewing with branches of ScP with one or several secondary veins between them, forming two rows of regularly disposed cells; base of RP closer to third fifth of wing length than to mid length; MP basally curved; CuA long basad of its fusion with CuPaα; CuA + CuPaα with its first branc posteriorly directed, second branch anteriorly directed, following branches variable.

<==Ensifera
    |--Raphogla Bethoux, Nel et al. 2002 BN02, BNL02 [Raphoglidae]
    |    `--*R. rubra Béthoux, Nel et al. 2002 BNL02
    `--Mesohaglida [Hagloidea, Tettigoniidea] BN02
         |  i. s.: Stenopelmatoidea [Gryllacridoidea] G01
         |           |--Anostostomatidae G01
         |           `--+--Rhaphidophoridae G01
         |              `--Stenopelmatidae G01
         |         Modihagla Gorokhov 1986 BNL02
         |         Cantohagla Gorokhov 1986 BNL02
         |         Phonovoliopus musicus Gorokhov 1986 BNL02
         |         Platyvoliopus maximus Gorokhov 1986 BNL02
         |         Zeunerophlebia gigas Sharov 1968 BNL02
         |--Haglida BN02
         `--Hagloedischiidae GR02
              |--Voltziahagla GR02
              `--Hagloedischia primitiva Gorokhov 1986 BN02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BN02] Béthoux, O., & A. Nel. 2002. Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov. Zootaxa 96: 1-88.

[BNL02] Béthoux, O., A. Nel, J. Lapeyrie, G. Gand & J. Galtier. 2002. Raphogla rubra gen. n., sp. n., the oldest representative of the clade of modern Ensifera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidea, Gryllidea). European Journal of Entomology 99: 111-116.

[G01] Gorochov, A. V. 2001. The higher classification, phylogeny and evolution of the superfamily Stenopelmatoidea. In The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies (L. H. Field, ed.) pp. 3-33. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[GR02] Gorochov, A. V., & A. P. Rasnitsyn. 2002. Superorder Gryllidea Laicharting, 1781 (=Orthopteroidea Handlirsch, 1903). In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 293-303. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.