Psocomorpha

Archipsocus floridanus, photographed by Ben Van Allen.

Belongs within: Psocodea.
Contains: Psocetae, Homilopsocidea, Caeciliusetae, Epipsocetae.

The Psocomorpha are a major subgroup of the barklice characterised by the presence of non-annulated antennae and, in winged forms, a sclerotised pterostigma. The likely basalmost subgroup of the clade is the Archipsocidae, a predominantly tropical group with densely setose, usually leathery fore wings with largely obscure venation (New & Lienhard 2007).

Characters (from Yoshizawa 2002): Head usually with rounded vertex; antennae 13-segmented; flagellomeres never annulated; maxilla without stipito-galeal muscle; hypopharyngeal filaments fused for most of their length; labial palpus 1-segmented. Forewing with nodus and thickened pterostigma; nodulus hook-shaped, formed by truncated spines fused at their base; CuP ending together with A₁ at wing margin. Apex of first axillary sclerite usually with minute proximal process. Subgenital plate lacking median sclerite.

<==Psocomorpha [Eupsocida, Psociformia]
    |  i. s.: Paramesopsocus Azar, Hajar et al. 2008 [Paramesopsocidae] AH08
    |           |--*P. lu Azar, Hajar et al. 2008 AH08
    |           `--P. adibi Azar, Hajar et al. 2008 AH08
    |--Archipsocidae [Archipsocetae, Archipsocoidea] Y02
    |    |--Pararchipsocinae NL07
    |    |    |--*Notarchipsocus macrurus [=Archipsocus macrurus] NL07
    |    |    |--Pseudarchipsocus Mockford 1974 NL07, M74
    |    |    |    `--*P. guajiro Mockford 1974 M74
    |    |    `--Pararchipsocus Y02
    |    |         |--*P. poblanus NL07
    |    |         `--P. pacificus Y02
    |    `--Archipsocinae NL07
    |         |--Archipsocopsis Badonnel 1948 NL07, M93
    |         |    |--*A. mendax (Badonnel 1948) NL07, B55 [=Archipsocus mendax NL07]
    |         |    |--A. fernandi (Pearman 1934) NL07
    |         |    |--A. frater (Mockford 1957) [=Archipsocus frater] M93
    |         |    |--A. inornata M93
    |         |    `--A. parvula (Mockford 1953) [=Archipsocus (Archipsocopsis) parvulus] M93
    |         `--Archipsocus Hagen 1882 L02
    |              |--*A. puber Hagen 1882 L02
    |              |--A. albofasciatus Badonnel 1949 B55
    |              |--A. alternatus Vaughan, Thornton & New 1989 NL07
    |              |--A. aneura Badonnel 1948 B55
    |              |--A. badonneli B86
    |              |--A. bicolor B55
    |              |--A. castrii B86
    |              |--A. floridanus Mockford 1953 M93
    |              |--A. fuscopalpus Badonnel 1955 B55
    |              |--A. ghesquierei Badonnel 1946 (see below for synonymy) B55
    |              |    |--A. g. ghesquierei B55
    |              |    `--A. g. longicornis Badonnel 1955 B55
    |              |--A. gurneyi Mockford 1953 M93
    |              |--A. machadoi Badonnel 1955 B55
    |              |--A. minutus Badonnel 1955 B55
    |              |--A. modestus B86
    |              |--A. nomas Gurney 1939 M93
    |              |--A. panama Gurney 1939 M74
    |              |--A. polytrichus Li 2002 L02
    |              |--A. recens Enderlein 1903 NL07
    |              `--A. sanurensis Thornton 1984 NL07
    `--+--+--Psocetae Y02
       |  `--+--Homilopsocidea Y02
       |     `--+--Caeciliusetae Y02
       |        `--Epipsocetae Y02
       `--Hemipsocidae [Hemipsocetae, Hemipsocoidea] Y02
            |--Anopistoscena Y02
            |--Cyclohemipsocus Li 2002 L02
            |    `--*C. chinensis Li 2002 L02
            |--Hemipsocus Selys-Longchamps 1872 L02
            |    |--*H. chloroticus (Hagen 1858) NL07 [=Psocus chloroticus NL07; incl. H. hyalinus Enderlein 1906 M93]
            |    |--H. africanus Enderlein 1907 NL07
            |    |--H. funebris Badonnel 1969 L02
            |    |--H. luridus Enderlein 1903 NL07 (see below for synonymy)
            |    |--H. maculatus New 1973 NL07
            |    |--H. maritiensis Turner 1976 L02
            |    |--H. massulatus Li 2002 L02
            |    |--H. parallelicus Li 1996 L02
            |    |--H. pretiosus Banks 1930 M93
            |    `--H. roseus (Hagen 1859) NL07
            `--Metahemipsocus Li 1995 L02 [=Metabemipsocus (l. c.) L03]
                 |--*M. longicornis Li 1995 L02
                 |--M. bellatulus Li 2002 L02
                 |--M. bicuspidatus Li 2002 L02
                 |--M. bimaculatus Li 2002 L02
                 |--M. cunestus Li 1996 L03, L02 [=M. cuneatus (l. c.) L03]
                 |--M. flabellatus Li 2002 L02
                 |--M. guangxiensis Li 2002 L02
                 |--M. interaus Li 1995 L02
                 |--M. longifurcus Li 2001 L03
                 |--M. octofarius Li 1999 L02
                 |--M. recurvicornis (Li 1992) [=Hemipsocus recurvicornis] L02
                 |--M. scitulus Li 2002 L02
                 |--M. spilopterus Li 1996 L02
                 |--M. tenuatus Li 1997 L02
                 |--M. triangularis Li 2002 L02
                 |--M. trimerus Li 2002 L02
                 |--M. vitellinus Li 2002 L02
                 `--M. yunnanicus Li 2002 L02

Archipsocus ghesquierei Badonnel 1946 [incl. A. ghesquierei var. albomaculatus Badonnel 1955, A. neens f. macropterus Badonnel 1946] B55

Hemipsocus luridus Enderlein 1903 NL07 [=H. chloroticus var. luridus S95, H. selysianus luridus S95; incl. H. selysianus Enderlein 1919 S95, H. luridus selysianus S95]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AH08] Azar, D., L. Hajar, C. Indary & A. Nel. 2008. Paramesopsocidae, a new Mesozoic psocid family (Insecta: Psocodea "Psocoptera": Psocomorpha). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N. S.) 44 (4): 459–470.

[B55] Badonnel, A. 1955. Psocoptères de l'Angola. Diamang Publicações Culturais 26: 11–267.

[B86] Badonnel, A. 1986. Psocoptères de Colombie (Insecta, Psocoptera). Spixiana 9 (2): 179–223.

[L02] Li F. 2002. Psocoptera of China vol. 1. Science Press: Beijing.

[L03] Lienhard, C. 2003. Nomenclatural amendments concerning Chinese Psocoptera (Insecta), with remarks on species richness. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 110 (4): 695–721.

[M74] Mockford, E. L. 1974. Records and descriptions of Cuban Psocoptera. Entomologica Americana 48 (2): 103–215.

[M93] Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Sandhill Crane Press, Inc.

[NL07] New, T. R., & C. Lienhard. 2007. The Psocoptera of Tropical South-east Asia. Brill: Leiden.

[S95] Smithers, C. N. 1995. Psocoptera (Insecta) of Christmas Island. Invertebrate Taxonomy 9: 529–561.

[Y02] Yoshizawa, K. 2002. Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 371–400.

Last updated: 22 August 2020.