Tipulomorpha

Male winter crane fly Trichocera garretti, from Alexander (1981).

Belongs within: Diptera.
Contains: Tipulidae.

The Tipulomorpha are a clade of flies uniting the crane flies (Tipulidae) with the winter crane flies (Trichoceridae). Modern members of the lineage lack mandibles, and their wings have R₂ joining R₁, the stem of M tending to align with M₃₊₄, and 2A very short and submarginal (Blagoderov et al. 2002). Trichoceridae differ from tipulids in the possession of three well-developed ocelli, together with an incomplete transverse suture on the scutum.

<==Tipulomorpha WT11
    |--Vladiptera [Vladipteridae] BLM02
    |    `--V. kovalevi BLM02
    `--+--Tipulidae WT11
       `--+--Gnomuscidae GE05
          `--Trichoceridae [Petauristidae, Trichoceroidea] WT11
               |  i. s.: Mailotrichocera jurassica BLM02
               |         Eotrichocera christinae Kalugina in Kalugina & Kovalev 1985 RJ93
               |--Kawasemyia [Kawasemyiinae] A81
               |--Paracladura [Paracladurinae] K09
               |    `--P. trichoptera A81
               `--Trichocerinae K09
                    |--Diazosma hirtipennis K09
                    |--Nothotrichocera cingulata K09, CM91
                    `--Trichocera K09
                         |  i. s.: T. annulata CM91
                         |         T. brevicornis WT11
                         |         T. columbiana M90
                         |         T. gigantea A81
                         |         T. maculipennis A81
                         |         T. mexicana K09
                         |         T. regelationis A81
                         |         T. saltator K09
                         `--T. (Metatrichocera) A81
                              |--T. (M.) alexanderi A81
                              |--T. (M.) colei A81
                              |--T. (M.) garretti A81
                              |--T. (M.) mackenzie A81
                              |--T. (M.) salmani A81
                              `--T. (M.) ursamajor A81

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A81] Alexander, C. P. 1981. Trichoceridae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 301–304. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[BLM02] Blagoderov, V. A., E. D. Lukashevich & M. B. Mostovski. 2002. Order Diptera Linné, 1758. The true flies (=Muscida Laicharting, 1781). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 227–240. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[K09] Krzemińska, E. 2009. Trichoceridae (winter crane flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 337–339. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[M90] McAlpine, J. F. 1990. Insecta: Diptera adults. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 1211–1252. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.

Last updated: 24 December 2020.