Ledebouria

Ledebouria socialis, copyright Tony Rodd.

Belongs within: Hyacinthoideae.

Ledebouria is a mostly African genus of bulbous herbs that often bear spotted or banded leaves.

See also: Patterns on a squill.

Characters (from Manning et al. 2004): Deciduous or evergreen; bulb usually subterranean, sometimes epigeal, subglobose to cylindrical, tunicated or more usually of more or less loosely imbricate scales, fleshy, usually producing fibrous threads when torn. Leaves usually contemporary or emergent with flowers, rarely dry at flowering, 1 to several, linear-lanceolate to suborbicular or cordate, sometimes pseudopetiolate, thin-textured or leathery, glabrous or pubescent, suberect or spreading, sometimes twisted or undulate, usually spotted or banded with darker green or purple. Inflorescences usually more than one in succession, each a few- to many-flowered raceme, sometimes corymbose or subspicate; peduncle erect at first then decumbent, at first densely flowered but elongating and becoming lax; bracts either small and membranous or vestigial or lacking, not spurred; bracteoles present or absent; pedicels usually short, sometimes vestigial. Flowers usually nodding, green to purple, rotate to campanulate or subglobose, usually unscented; tepals usually more or less erect below and recurved above, sometimes erect and incurved above, fused at base, oblong-lanceolate or dimorphic with inner tepals cucullate and connivent; stamens exserted and then usually purple or included, free, uniseriate or biseriate, the outer inserted at base of tepals, the inner higher up, sometimes shorter than the outer; filaments filiform or triangular; anthers dorsifixed; ovary ovoid or turbinate and then 3- to 6-lobed with short carpophore, the lobes often with swollen, nectar-producing lobules below; ovules (1)2 per locule; style terete; stigma apical, penicillate. Capsule globose to obovoid or clavate, 3-lobed; seeds 1 or 2 per locule, subglobose, black or brown, testa tightly adhering. x=11, 10, 5.

<==Ledebouria Roth 1821 (see below for synonymy) EN20
    |--*L. hyacinthina Roth 1821 MGF04, EN20
    |--L. humifusa (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--‘Drimiopsis’ kirkii MGF04
    |--L. pilosa (Van der Merwe) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--L. socialis (Baker) Jessop 1970 MGF04, EN20 (see below for synonymy)
    |--+--L. petiolata Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |  `--L. woodii (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis woodii Baker 1897] MGF04
    `--+--L. undulata MGF04
       `--+--L. cooperi MGF04
          `--L. ovatifolia (Baker) Jessop 1970 MGF04, EN20 (see below for synonymy)
               |--L. o. ssp. ovatifolia (see below for synonymy) EN20
               `--L. o. ssp. scabrida Crouch & Edwards 2007 EN20

Ledebouria incertae sedis:
  L. atropurpurea (Br.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. barteri (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. botryoides (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--L. b. ssp. botryoides MGF04
    `--L. b. ssp. prostrata (Stedje) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. burkei (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
    |--L. b. ssp. burkei MGF04
    `--L. b. ssp. stolonissima (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. comptonii (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. corrugata Cumming 2015 EN20
  L. cremnophila Venter & Van Jaarsveld 2007 EN20
  L. davidsoniae (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. ensifolia (Ecklon) Venter & Edwards 2003 (see below for synonymy) EN20
  L. fischeri (Engl.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. lachenalioides (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  ‘Lachenalia’ lanceifolia [=*Sugillaria lanceifolia] EN20
  ‘*Eratobotrys’ lilacina Fenzl ex Endlicher 1842 EN20
  L. loedolffiae Van Jaarsveld & Venter 2017 EN20
  L. maculata Dalzell 1850 MGF04
  L. maxima (Van der Merwe) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. megaphylla (Hankey ex Sahw) Van Jaarsveld & Eggli 2016 [=Resnova megaphylla Hankey ex Shaw 2012] EN20
  L. minor (Van der Merwe) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. nossibeensis (Perrier) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. pusilla (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  L. reilleyana (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 (see below for synonymy) MGF04
  ‘Hyacinthus’ revolutus [=*Xeodolon revolutus] EN20
  ‘Scilla’ schlechteri [=*Resnova schlechteri] EN20
  L. venteri Van Jaarsveld & van Wyk 2007 EN20

Ledebouria Roth 1821 [incl. Drimiopsis Lindley & Paxton 1851, Eratobotrys Fenzl ex Endlicher 1842, Resnova van der Merwe 1946, Sugillaria Salisbury 1866, Xeodolon Salisbury 1866] EN20

Ledebouria atropurpurea (Br.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis atropurpurea Br. 1921] MGF04

Ledebouria barteri (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis barteri Baker in Saunders 1870] MGF04

Ledebouria botryoides (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis botryoides Baker in Saunders 1870] MGF04

Ledebouria botryoides ssp. prostrata (Stedje) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis botryoides ssp. prostrata Stedje 1994] MGF04

Ledebouria burkei (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis burkei Baker in Saunders 1870] MGF04

Ledebouria burkei ssp. stolonissima (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis burkei ssp. stolonissima Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies 1997] MGF04

Ledebouria comptonii (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis comptonii Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies 1997] MGF04

Ledebouria davidsoniae (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis davidsoniae Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies 1997] MGF04

Ledebouria ensifolia (Ecklon) Venter & Edwards 2003 [=Drimia ensifolia Ecklon 1830, Scilla ensifolia (Ecklon) Britten 1908; incl. S. ecklonii Baker 1892, Drimia ludwigii Miquel 1839, Idothea ludwigii (Miquel) Kunth 1843, Scilla ludwigii (Miquel) Baker 1870, S. prasina Baker 1870, S. pusilla Baker 1876] EN20

Ledebouria fischeri (Engl.) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Scilla fischeri Engl. 1895, Drimiopsis fischeri (Engl.) Stedje 1996] MGF04

Ledebouria humifusa (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Scilla humifusa Baker 1881, Resnova humifusa (Baker) Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies 1997] MGF04

Ledebouria lachenalioides (Baker) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Scilla lachenalioides Baker 1897, Avonsera lachanalioides (Baker) Speta 1998, Drimiopsis lachenalioides (Baker) Jessop 1972, Resnova lachenalioides (Baker) Van der Merwe 1946] MGF04

Ledebouria maxima (Van der Merwe) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Resnova maxima Van der Merwe 1946] MGF04

Ledebouria minor (Van der Merwe) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Resnova minor Van der Merwe 1946] MGF04

Ledebouria nossibeensis (Perrier) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Scilla nossibeensis Perrier 1935, Resnova nossibeensis (Perrier) Speta 1998] MGF04

Ledebouria ovatifolia (Baker) Jessop 1970 MGF04, EN20 [=Scilla ovatifolia Baker 1870, S. lancifolia var. ovatifolia Baker 1870] EN20

Ledebouria ovatifolia (Baker) Jessop 1970 ssp. ovatifolia [incl. Scilla albomarginata Van der Merwe 1944, S. cicatricosa Smith 1930, S. climatocarpha Smith 1930, S. collina Hutchinson 1946, S. elevans Van der Merwe 1944, S. guttata Smith 1930] EN20

Ledebouria petiolata Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=*Drimiopsis maculata Lindley 1851 non L. maculata Dalzell 1850] MGF04

Ledebouria pilosa (Van der Merwe) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Resnova pilosa Van der Merwe 1946] MGF04

Ledebouria pusilla (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis pusilla Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies 1997] MGF04

Ledebouria reilleyana (Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies) Manning & Goldblatt in Manning, Goldblatt & Fay 2004 [=Drimiopsis reilleyana Müll.-Doblies & Müll.-Doblies 1997] MGF04

Ledebouria socialis (Baker) Jessop 1970 MGF04, EN20 [=Scilla socialis Baker 1870 EN20; incl. S. laxiflora Baker 1891 EN20, S. paucifolia Baker 1870 EN20, S. violacea Hutchinson 1932 EN20, Ledebouria violacea (Hutchinson) Tjaden 1989 EN20]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[EN20] Eggli, U., & R. Nyffeler (eds) 2020. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons 2^nd ed. Springer.

[MGF04] Manning, J. C., P. Goldblatt & M. F. Fay. 2004. A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60 (3): 533–568.