Spirillinida

Spirillina vivipara, from here.

Belongs within: Foraminifera.
Contains: Ammodiscinae.

The Spirillinida are a lineage of Foraminifera with a test formed primarily from an enrolled tube; the test is agglutinated in Ammodiscidae, but composed of calcite in other families (Pawlowski et al. 2013). The tubular section after the proloculus is often undivided, but becomes divided by septa in latter stages in the more derived Patellinidae (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b). Members of the Ammodiscidae are divided between the free-living Ammodiscinae and the substrate-attached Tolypammininae (Loeblich & Tappan 1964a).

Characters (from Pawlowski et al. 2013): Test composed of proloculus followed by an enrolled tubular chamber, aperture terminal; wall agglutinated, or of low magnesium calcite, optically a single crystal.

<==Spirillinida [Spirillinacea]
    |--Ammodiscidae [Ammodiscina, Ammodisculinidae, Arammodisclidia, Tolypamminidae] PHT13
    |    |--Tolypammininae LT64a
    |    |    |  i. s.: Ammodiscella Ireland 1956 LT64a
    |    |    |           `--*A. virgilensis Ireland 1956 LT64a
    |    |    |         Lituotuba Rhumbler 1895 (see below for synonymy) LT64a
    |    |    |           |--*L. filum (Schmid 1867) [=Serpula filum, *Ammonema filum, *Arlituotubum filum] LT64a
    |    |    |           |--L. exserta C40
    |    |    |           |--L. lituiformis LT64a [=Trochammina lituiformis C40]
    |    |    |           `--L. nothi (Majzon 1943) [=*Thalmannina nothi] LT64a
    |    |    |         Serpulopsis Girty 1911 LT64a
    |    |    |           `--*S. insita (White 1878) [=Serpula insita] LT64a
    |    |    |--Ammovertella Cushman 1928 C40 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    |    |--*A. inversa (Schellwien 1898) [=Ammodiscus (*Psammophis) inversus, *Arpsammophoum inversum] LT64a
    |    |    |    `--A. inclusa C40
    |    |    `--+--Trepeilopsis Cushman & Waters 1928 C40
    |    |       |    `--*T. grandis (Cushman & Waters 1927) [=Turritellella grandis] LT64a
    |    |       `--+--Ammolagena Eimer & Fickert 1899 C40 [=Arammlagenum Rhumbler 1913 LT64a]
    |    |          |    |--*A. clavata (Jones & Parker 1860) (see below for synonymy) LT64a
    |    |          |    `--A. contorta C40
    |    |          `--Tolypammina Rhumbler 1895 C40 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |               |--*T. vagans (Brady 1879) [=Hyperammina vagans, *Serpulella vagans] LT64a
    |    |               |--T. delicatula C40
    |    |               `--T. permiana (Paalzow 1935) [=*Adhaerentina permiana] LT64a
    |    `--Ammodiscinae LT64a
    |--Rotaliella Grell 1954 [Rotaliellidae] LT64b
    |    `--R. heterocaryotica Grell 1954 LT64b
    `--Spirillinidae [Spirillininae, Turrispirillininae] LT64a
         |  i. s.: Alanwoodia Loeblich & Tappan 1955 LT64b
         |           `--*A. campanaeformis (Brady 1884) [=Patellina campanaeformis] LT64b
         |         Miliospirella Grigelis in Bykova et al. 1958 LT64b
         |           `--*M. lithuanica Grigelis in Bykova et al. 1958 LT64b
         |         Planispirillina Bermúdez 1952 [incl. Trochospirillina Mityanina 1957] LT64b
         |           |--P. papillosa (Cushman 1915) [=Spirillina limbata var. papillosa] LT64b
         |           |--P. granulosa (Mityanina 1957) [=*Trochospirillina granulosa] LT64b
         |           `--P. spinigera S05
         |--Terebralina Terquem 1866 C40, LT64b [=Spirigerina Terquem 1866 non d’Orbigny 1849 LT64b; Terebralininae]
         |    `--T. regularis Terquem 1866 [incl. *Spirigerina antiqua Terquem 1866, *T. antiqua] LT64b
         |--Spirillina Ehrenberg 1843 C40 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--*S. vivipara Ehrenberg 1843 C40
         |    |--‘Trochammina’ annularis Brady 1876 [=*Gyrammina annularis] LT64b
         |    |--S. groomii C40
         |    |--S. inaequalis C40
         |    |--S. limbata S05
         |    `--S. revertens Rhumbler 1906 [=S. vivipara revertens, *Mychostomina revertens] LT64b
         `--+--Turrispirillina Cushman 1927 C40 [=Turrispirrillina (l. c.) LT64b]
            |    `--*T. conoidea (Paalzow 1917) [=Spirillina conoidea] LT64b
            `--+--Conicospirillina Cushman 1927 C40
               |    `--*C. trochoides (Berthelin 1879) [=Spirillina trochoides] C40
               `--Patellinidae [Patellininae] PHT13
                    |--Patellina Williamson 1858 C40 (see below for synonymy)
                    |    `--*P. corrugata Williamson 1858 C40 [=*Discobolivina corrugata LT64b]
                    `--Patellinoides Cushman 1933 LT64b
                         |--*P. conica Heron-Allen & Earland 1932 C40 [=Discobolivina conica LT64b]
                         `--P. depressa Heron-Allen & Earland 1932 LT64b

*Ammolagena clavata (Jones & Parker 1860) [=Trochammina irregularis var. clavata, *Arammlagenum clavatum] LT64a

Ammovertella Cushman 1928 C40 [=Arpsammophoum Rhumbler 1913 LT64a, Psammophis Schellwien 1898 non Fitzinger 1826 LT64a]

*Epistomaria rimosa (Parker & Jones in Carpenter, Parker & Jones 1865) [=Discorbina rimosa, *Epistomella rimosa] LT64b

Lituotuba Rhumbler 1895 [=Ammonema Eimer & Fickert 1899, Arlituotubum Rhumbler 1913; incl. Thalmannina Majzon 1943] LT64a

Patellina Williamson 1858 C40 [=Arpatellum Rhumbler 1913 LT64b, Discobolivina Hofker 1951 LT64b]

*Pseudoeponides japonica Uchio in Kawai et al. 1950 [incl. Epistomaria (*Epistomariella) miurensis Kuwano 1950] LT64b

Spirillina Ehrenberg 1843 C40 [=Arspirillinum Rhumbler 1913 LT64b; incl. Gyrammina Eimer & Fickert 1899 LT64b, Mychostomina Berthelin 1881 C40]

Tolypammina Rhumbler 1895 C40 [=Serpulella Eimer & Fickert 1899 LT64a; incl. Adhaerentina Paalzow 1935 LT64a]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[PHT13] Pawlowski, J., M. Holzmann & J. Tyszka. 2013. New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: molecules meet morphology. Marine Micropalaeontology 100: 1–10.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.