Nemesiidae

Nemesia sp., copyright Ferran Pestaña.

Belongs within: Avicularoidea.
Contains: Anamini.

The Nemesiidae are a fairly generalised family of mygalomorph spiders characterised by a double row of teeth on the paired leg claws, at least in females. They live in silk-lined burrows of various forms, with some species closing their burrow with a lid. In most subfamilies, both males and females have biserially dentate leg claws but in males of the subfamily Bemmerinae the teeth are arranged in an S-shaped row (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007).

Characters (from Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007): Medium-sized to very large; cephalic region low; eight eyes present in two rows; palpal claw of female with teeth on promargin; tarsi with scopulae, three tarsal claws present or rarely two, paired claws broad, biserially dentate; four spinnerets present, apical segment of posterior spinnerets digitiform.

<==Nemesiidae [Nemesieae]
    |--Bemmerinae JD-S07
    |--Diplothelopsinae JD-S07
    |--Anaminae LP08
    |    |  i. s.: Acanthogonatus LP08
    |    |         Hermacha LP08
    |    `--Anamini MF09
    |--Ixamatus R14 [=Ixalus Koch 1873 (preoc.) R14; Ixamatinae JD-S07]
    |    |--*I. varius (Koch 1873) [=Ixalus varius, Hapalothele varia] R14
    |    |--I. broomii R14
    |    |--I. distinctus Rainbow 1914 R14
    |    `--I. gregorii R14
    |--Pycnothelinae LP08
    |    |--Chaco LP08
    |    |--Hermachura LP08
    |    |--Prorachias LP08
    |    |--Psalistopoides LP08
    |    |--Pselligmus LP08
    |    |--Pycnothele LP08
    |    |--Rachias LP08
    |    |--Stenoterommata LP08
    |    `--Neostothis Vellard 1925 LP08
    |         `--*N. gigas Vellard 1925 LP08
    `--Nemesia Audouin 1826 [Nemesiinae] JD-S07
         |--N. badia R13
         |--N. bristowei Decae 2005 F05
         |--N. caementaria R95
         |--N. corsica Simon 1914 K55
         |--N. dubia K55
         |--N. ibiza Decae 2005 F05
         |--N. kahmanni Kraus 1955 K55
         |--N. randa Decae 2005 F05
         |--N. santeugenia Decae 2005 F05
         |--N. santeulalia Decae 2005 F05
         |--N. seldeni Decae 2005 F05
         `--N. valenciae Kraus 1955 K55

Nemesiidae incertae sedis:
  ‘Trechona’ adspersa Bertkau 1880 PCBFF08
  Stanwellia Rainbow & Pulleine 1918 MF09
    |--S. bipectinata (Todd 1945) [=Aparua bipectinata] PVD10
    |--S. hapua (Forster 1968) [=Aparua hapua] PVD10
    |--S. hollowayi (Forster 1968) [=Aparua hollowayi] PVD10
    |--S. houhora (Forster 1968) [=Aparua houhora] PVD10
    |--S. kaituna (Forster 1968) [=Aparua kaituna] NS00
    |--S. media (Forster 1968) [=Aparua media] PVD10
    |--S. puna (Forster 1968) [=Aparua puna] PVD10
    |--S. regia (Forster 1968) [=Aparua regia] PVD10
    |--S. taranga (Forster 1968) [=Aparua taranga] PVD10
    `--S. tuna (Forster 1968) [=Aparua tuna] PVD10
  Cretamygale Selden 2002 S02
    `--*C. chasei Selden 2002 S02
  Scalidognathus Karsch 1892 K92
    `--*S. seticeps Karsch 1892 K92
  Merredinia Main 1983 MF09
  Pseudoteyl Main 1985 MF09
  Teylini M12
    |--Teyl Main 1975 MF09
    `--Teyloides M12
  Entypesa JD-S07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[JD-S07] Jocqué, R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2007. Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum for Central Africa: Tervuren (Belgium).

[K92] Karsch, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36 (2): 267–310.

[K55] Kraus, O. 1955. Spinnen von Korsika, Sardinien und Elba (Arach., Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 371–394.

[LP08] Lucas, S. M., V. Passanha, C. R. V. Janini & R. P. Indicatti. 2008. On the genus Neostothis Vellard (Araneae, Nemesiidae). Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 472–475.

[M12] Main, B. Y. 2012. Description and biogeographic implications of a new species of the Chenistonia maculata group from south-western Western Australia and rediagnosis of Chenistonia (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (2): 176–181.

[MF09] Main, B. Y., & V. W. Framenau. 2009. A new genus of mygalomorph spider from the Great Victoria Desert and neighbouring arid country in south-eastern Western Australia (Araneae: Nemesiidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (3): 277–285.

[NS00] Nicholls, D. C., P. J. Sirvid, S. D. Pollard & M. Walker. 2000. A list of arachnid primary types held in Canterbury Museum. Records of the Canterbury Museum 14: 37–48.

[PVD10] Paquin, P., C. J. Vink & N. Dupérré. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key and species list. Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln (New Zealand).

[PCBFF08] Pedroso, D. R., R. L. Cerqueira Baptista & P. S. Fiúza Ferreira. 2008. Trechona rufa (Araneae, Dipluridae): new status, redescription and neotype designation with notes on the genus. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 360–367.

[R14] Rainbow, W. J. 1914. Studies in Australian Araneidae, no. 6, the Terretelariae. Records of the Australian Museum 10 (8): 187–270.

[R95] Raven, R. J. 1995. Coxal glands of spiders of the genera Bymainiella, Atrax and Namea (Hexathelidae, Dipluridae, Mygalomorphae). Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 52: 67–71.

[R13] Reuter, O. M. 1913. Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten bis zum Erwachen der sozialen Instinkte. R. Friedländer & Sohn: Berlin.

[S02] Selden, P. A. 2002. First British Mesozoic spider, from Cretaceous amber of the Isle of Wight, southern England. Palaeontology 45 (5): 973–983.

Last updated: 26 January 2022.