Cytherideinae

Cyprideis torosa, from here.

Belongs within: Cytheroidea.

The Cytherideinae are a group of ostracods known from the Permian to the present day. The outline of the shell may be smooth overall or there may be denticulations at the anterior and/or posterior ends. Members of the type genus Cytheridea have a thick carapace, subquadrangular in dorsal view and ovate-triangulare in lateral view, obliquely rounded anteriorly and oblique posteriorly; the hinge is merodont with the left valve having the terinal crenulate sockets and crenulate median elements set somewhat obliquely so the anterior portion projects as a short bar and the back portion is depressed as a furrow (Benson et al. 1961).

Characters (from Benson et al. 1961): Surface smooth, pitted or reticulate. Hinge antimerodont or holomerodont, some genera containing species with reversed valves, normal left valve hinge appearing in right valve and vice verse; marginal areas widest anteriorly where inner margin usually departs from line of concrescence (with similar but smaller departure common posteriorly); radial canals variable in number but usually rather abundant; muscle scars in vertical row of four, usually with two equally spaced ovate scars in front and commonly additional scars above and below.

<==Cytherideinae [Clithrocytherideinae, Dolocytherideinae, Perissocytherideinae, Schulerideinae] BB61
    |--‘Aenigma’ Kuznetsova 1956 non Newman 1836 M61
    |--Pumilocytheridea van den Bold 1963 S-VC91
    |    `--P. vermiculoidea Swain 1967 S-VC91
    |--Anomocytheridea Stephenson 1938 [incl. Amonocythere Sohn 1951] BB61
    |    `--*A. floridana (Howe & Hough in Howe et al. 1935) [=Cytheridea floridana] BB61
    |--Cyamocytheridea Oertli 1956 BB61
    |    `--*C. punctatella (Bosquet 1852) [=Bairdia punctatella] BB61
    |--Galliaecytheridea Oertli 1957 BB61
    |    `--*G. dissimilis Oertli 1957 BB61
    |--Heterocyprideis Elofson 1941 BB61
    |    `--*H. sorbyana (Jones 1857) [=Cythere (Cytheridea) sorbyana] BB61
    |--Kalyptovalva Howe & Laurencich 1958 BB61
    |    `--*K. ovata (Bosquet 1854) [=Cytheridea ovata] BB61
    |--Netrocytheridea Howe & Laurencich 1958 BB61
    |    `--*N. fusiformis (Bosquet 1847) [=Cypridina fusiformis] BB61
    |--Nodophthalmocythere Malz 1958 BB61
    |    `--*N. vallata Malz 1958 BB61
    |--Palaeocytheridella Mandelstam 1958 BB61
    |    `--*P. observata (Sharapova 1937) [=Eucythere observata] BB61
    |--Pseudocytheridea Schneider 1949 BB61
    |    `--*P. zalanyi (Schneider 1939) [=Cytheridea zalanyi] BB61
    |--Sphenocytheridea Keij 1958 BB61
    |    `--*S. gracilis Keij 1958 BB61
    |--Vernoniella Oertli 1957 BB61
    |    `--*V. sequana Oertli 1957 BB61
    |--Vetustocytheridea Apostolescu 1956 BB61
    |    `--*V. guitrancourtensis (Apostolescu 1956) [=Cytheridea (*Vetustocytheridea) guitrancourtensis] BB61
    |--Pichottia Oertli 1959 LH61
    |    `--*P. muris Oertli 1959 LH61
    |--Ruttenella van den Bold 1946 M61, BB61
    |    `--*R. ovata van den Bold 1946 BB61
    |--Hemicytheridea Kingma 1948 M61, BB61
    |    `--*H. reticulata Kingma 1948 BB61
    |--Dolocytheridea Triebel 1938 BB61
    |    |--*D. hilseana (Roemer 1841) [=Cytherina hilseana] BB61
    |    `--D. wolburgi RR03
    |--Asciocythere Swain 1952 BB61
    |    |--*A. rotunda (Vanderpool 1928) [=Bythocypris rotundus] BB61
    |    |--A. circumdata RR03
    |    `--A. denticulata [=Eucythere denticulata, Palaeocytheridea denticulata] BB61
    |--Ovocytheridea Grekoff 1951 BB61
    |    |--*O. nuda Grekoff 1951 BB61
    |    |--O. apiformis BB61
    |    `--O. symmetrica BB61
    |--Schuleridea Swartz & Swain 1946 [incl. Aequacytheridea Mandelstam 1947] BB61
    |    |--*S. acuminata Swartz & Swain 1946 BB61
    |    |--S. hatterasensis BB61
    |    `--S. praethorenensis RR03
    |--Clithrocytheridea Stephenson 1936 [=Clithocytheridea van den Bold 1946] BB61
    |    |--*C. garretti (Howe & Chambers 1935) [=Cytheridea garretti] BB61
    |    |--C. appendiculata S61
    |    |--C. decumana BB61
    |    `--C. lerichei BB61
    |--Neocyprideis Apostolescu 1956 [incl. Goerlichia Keij 1957] BB61
    |    |--*N. durocortoriensis Apostolescu 1956 BB61
    |    |--‘Cyprideis (Goerlichia)’ miguelensis B61
    |    |--‘Cyprideis (Goerlichia)’ stewarti B61
    |    `--N. williamsoniana [=*Goerlichia williamsoniana] BB61
    |--Basslerella Kellett 1935 CB86
    |    |--*B. crassa Kellett 1935 BB61
    |    |--B. gongxianensis Zhang in Zhang & Liang 1987 ZL87
    |    |--B. obesa Kellett 1935 ZL87
    |    |--B. ola Chen & Bao 1986 ZL87
    |    `--B. tota Chen & Bao 1986 CB86
    |--Cytheridea Bosquet 1852 [incl. Eucytheridea Bronstein 1930] BB61
    |    |--*C. muelleri (Münster 1830) [=Cythere muelleri] BB61
    |    |--C. hungarica S61
    |    |--C. moorei F71
    |    |--C. pernota BB61
    |    `--C. praesulcata S61
    |--Cyprideis Jones 1857 S-VC91
    |    |  i. s.: C. apostolescui S61
    |    |         C. currayi Swain 1967 S-VC91
    |    |         C. limbocostata Hartmann 1974 G83
    |    |--*C. (Cyprideis) torosa (Jones 1850) [=Candona torosa] BB61
    |    `--C. (Goerlichita) castus B61
    |--Perissocytheridea Stephenson 1938 NT02 [incl. Iliocythere Hartmann 1953 BB61, Ilyocythere Klie 1939 BB61]
    |    |--*P. matosoni (Stephenson 1935) NT02 [=Cytheridea matsoni BB61]
    |    |--P. gibba [=*Ilyocythere gibba] BB61
    |    |--P. japonica Ishizaki 1968 [=Clithrocytheridea japonica] NT02
    |    |--P. meyerabichi (Hartman 1953) S-VC91
    |    `--P. rugata BB61
    `--Haplocytheridea Stephenson 1936 (see below for synonymy) BB61
         |--*H. montgomeryensis (Howe & Chambers 1935) [=Cytheridea montgomeryensis] BB61
         |--H. curta S61
         |--H. curvata S61
         |--H. heizelensis BB61
         `--H. maia B61

Haplocytheridea Stephenson 1936 [incl. Leptocytheridea Stephenson 1937, Phractocytheridea Sutton & Williams 1939] BB61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B61] Benson, R. H. 1961. Ecology of ostracode assemblages. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q56–Q63. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[BB61] Benson, R. H., J. M. Berdan, W. A. van den Bold, T. Hanai, I. Hessland, H. V. Howe, R. V. Kesling, S. A. Levinson, R. A. Reyment, R. C. Moore, H. W. Scott, R. H. Shaver, I. G. Sohn, L. E. Stover, F. M. Swain & P. C. Sylvester-Bradley. 1961. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q99–Q421. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[CB86] Chen D.-Q. & Bao H. 1986. Lower Permian ostracodes from the Chihsia Formation of Jurong and Longtan, Jiangsu Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 3 (2): 107–132.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[G83] Gottwald, J. 1983. Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XXX. Podocopida 1 (Ostracoda). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 90: 1–187.

[LH61] Levinson, S. A., & H. V. Howe. 1961. Addendum. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q421–Q422. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[M61] Moore, R. C. 1961. Supplement—USSR treatise on Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q422–Q429. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[NT02] Nakao, Y., & A. Tsukagoshi. 2002. Brackish-water Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Obitsu River estuary, central Japan. Species Diversity 7 (1): 67–115.

[RR03] Rossi, A., J. Rey, B. Andreu & K. Taj-Eddine. 2003. Apport des ostracodes à l’interprétation séquentielle du Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien–Valanginien) du bassin d’Essaouira-Agadir (Maroc). Comptes Rendus Palevol 2: 133–141.

[S61] Scott, H. W. 1961. Shell morphology of Ostracoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt Q. Arthropoda 3: Crustacea: Ostracoda pp. Q21–Q37. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[S-VC91] Segura-Vernis, L. R., & A. L. Carreño. 1991. Foraminíferos y ostrácodos de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Inv. Mar. CICIMAR 6 (1): 195–224.

[ZL87] Zhang X.-J. & Liang X.-Y. 1987. Ostracoda from the Taiyuan Formation of Xingyang and Gong Xian districts, Henan. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 4 (3): 293–312.

Last updated: 11 October 2020.