Typhlodromus

Typhlodromus pyri, copyright Ing. Rostislav Zemek, CSc.

Belongs within: Phytoseioidea.

Typhlodromus is a genus of mites commonly predatory on other mite species. Some species such as T. pyri are commonly encouraged as biological control agents. Typhlodromus pyri has been used in the control of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi, with its usefulness in this role accentuated by the selection of pesticide-resistent strains (James 2001). It is most effective in regions with a cool, humid climate. Typhlodromus darjeelingensis has been recorded feeding on the spider mite Oligonychus coffeae on tea in north-east India (Gupta 2001). Typhlodromus occidentalis has been introduced into northern China because of its tolerance for dry environments (Wu & Lan 2001). Predation effectiveness of some species has been shown to be improved when the diet is supplemented by a readily available pollen supply.

Characters (from Evans & Till 1979): Opisthonotal region of holodorsal shield with six pairs of setae; podonotal region of holodorsal shield with setae z3; setae r3 situated on lateral integument not on holodorsal shield; sternal shield typically with two pairs of setae; ventro-anal shield with two to four pairs of ventral setae.

<==Typhlodromus Scheuten 1857 FH93
    |--*T. pyri Scheuten 1857 ET79 [incl. T. tiliae Oudemans 1929 FH93, T. tubifer Wainstein 1961 FH93]
    |--T. aceri RCT96
    |--T. andrei Z91
    |--T. annectens L86
    |--T. applegum Schicha 1983 [=Amblyseius applegum] H98
    |--T. athenas EP91
    |--T. athiasae TKC07
    |--T. baccettii Lombardini 1960 [incl. T. helenae Schicha & Dosse 1974] H98
    |--T. bakeri (Garman 1948) [=Amblyseius bakeri] H98
    |--T. bambusae S91
    |--T. barkeri TKC07
    |--T. brisbanensis Schicha 1979 H98
    |--T. caudiglanis WL01
    |--T. contiguus C-R02
    |--T. corticis Herbert 1958 [incl. T. rodovae Wainstein & Arutunjan 1968] FH93
    |--T. cotoneasteri Z91
    |--T. cryptus TKC07
    |--T. darjeelingensis G01
    |--T. divergentis G01
    |--T. doreenae Schicha 1987 H98 [=T. (Anthoseius) doreenae MC97]
    |--T. dossei Schicha 1979 H98
    |--T. eleglidus WL01
    |--T. exhilaratus NPA01
    |--T. expodalis (Kennett 1958) SL71
    |--T. finlandicus KK91
    |--T. fleschneri AS96
    |--T. gracilentus MM85
    |--T. gressitti McMurtry & Moraes 1985 MM85
    |--T. gutierrezi MM85
    |--T. haramotoi Prasad 1968 H98
    |--T. harrowi (Collyer 1964) SL71
    |--T. hellenicus RCT96
    |--T. homalii AS96
    |--T. intercalaris TKC07
    |--T. invectus RCT96
    |--T. involutus RCT96
    |--T. kerkirae R-CT01
    |--T. kettanehi KU07
    |--T. laurentii RCT96
    |--T. limonicus (Garman & McGregor 1956) SL71
    |--T. machaon (Wainstein 1977) [=Anthoseius machaon] H98
    |--T. miyari MM85
    |--T. neobakeri Prasad 1968 H98 [=Amblydromella neobakeri FH93]
    |--T. noncollyeri WO92
    |--T. obtusus (Koch 1839) SL71
    |--T. perforatus RCT96
    |--T. perlongisetus (Berlese 1857) SL71
    |--T. phialatus TKC07
    |--T. pomi H96
    |--T. porresi L86
    |--T. recki TKC07
    |--T. rhenanoides NPA01
    |--T. rhenanus TKC07
    |--T. rickeri G01
    |--T. saevus P01
    |--T. sapiens RCT96
    |--T. scytinus Chazeau 1970 H98
    |--T. serrulatus WL01
    |--T. sessor AS96
    |--T. soleiger Z91
    |--T. talbii Athias-Henriot 1960 Z91
    |--T. tiliarum Oudemans 1929 Z91
    |--T. transvaalensis (Nesbitt 1951) H98 [=Kampimodromus transvaalensis H98, Clavidromus transvaalensis FH93]
    |--T. triporus Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1982 Z91
    |--T. tropicus Chant 1959 SL71
    |--T. xianensis WL01
    |--T. xingchenensis WL01
    |--T. xinjianensis WL01
    |--T. zhangensis WL01
    `--T. zwolferi L74

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS96] Arbabi, M., & J. Singh. 1996. The efficiency of eight phytoseiid mites (Phytoseiidae) as predators of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.) (Tetranychidae). In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 195–200. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[C-R02] Corpuz-Raros, L. A. 2002. Philippine acarine biological control agents: status, bioecology and research prospects. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 85 (2): 137–154.

[EP91] Emmanouel, N. G., & H. Panou. 1991. A study on mites associated with bark and twigs of various trees in Attica (Greece). In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 523–532. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[G01] Gupta, S. K. 2001. A conspectus of natural enemies of phytophagous mites and mites as potential biocontrol agents of agricultural pests in India. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 484–497. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[H96] Hossain, S. M. 1996. Composition and fluctuations of some mite populations in apple orchards in western Norway. In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 243–251. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[KU07] Khanjani, M., & E. A. Ueckermann. 2007. Natural enemies of the walnut pest Aceria tristriatus (Nal.) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in western Iran. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 451–453. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[KK91] Kozlowski, J., & M. Kozlowska. 1991. Notes on Aculus schlechtendalei (Nal.) as food for predatory mites. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 675–678. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[L74] Lee, D. C. 1974. Rhodacaridae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from near Adelaide, Australia. III. Behaviour and development. Acarologia 16 (1): 21–44.

[L86] Lindquist, E. E. 1986. The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic, and systematic revision, with a reclassification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 118 (S136): 1–517.

[MC97] McMurtry, J. A., & B. A. Croft. 1997. Life-styles of phytoseiid mites and their roles in biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 42: 291–323.

[MM85] McMurtry, J. A., & G. J. de Moraes. 1985. Some phytoseiid mites (Acari) of Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of six new species. International Journal of Acarology 11 (2): 75–88.

[NPA01] Nuzzaci, G., A. Di Palma & P. Aldini. 2001. Functional morphology and fine structure of the female genital system in Typhlodromus spp. (Acari: Phytoseiidae). In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 196–202. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[P01] Pringle, K. L. 2001. Biological control of tetranychid mites in South African apple orchards. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 429–435. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[RCT96] Ragusa Di Chiara, S., & H. Tsolakis. 1996. A. survey of phytoseiid mites (Phytoseiidae) associated with various plants in Sicily (Italy). In: Mitchell, R., D. J. Horn, G. R. Needham & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 1. Proceedings pp. 253–256. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[R-CT01] Ragusa-di Chiara, S., & H. Tsolakis. 2001. Phytoseiid faunas of natural and agricultural ecosystems in Sicily. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 522–529. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[S91] Sabelis, M. W. 1991. Life-history evolution of spider mites. In: Schuster, R., & P. W. Murphy (eds) The Acari: Reproduction, development and life-history strategies pp. 23–49. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SL71] Spain, A. V., & M. Luxton. 1971. Catalog and bibliography of the Acari of the New Zealand subregion. Pacific Insects Monograph 25: 179–226.

[TKC07] Tixier, M.-S., S. Kreiter & B. Cheval. 2007. Vineyard colonisation by predaceous mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) living in surrounding vegetation. A three year study in the south of France. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 475–487. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[WO92] Walter, D. E., & D. J. O'Dowd. 1992. Leaf morphology and predators: effect of leaf domatia on the abundance of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Environmental Entomology 21 (3): 478–484.

[WL01] Wu, W.-N., & W.-M. Lan. 2001. The phytoseiid mites of major crops in China. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 530–532. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[Z91] Zacharda, M. 1991. Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten, 1857 (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a unique predator for biological control of phytophagous mites in Czechoslovakia. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 205–210. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

Last updated: 18 April 2021.