Dipsacaceae

Common teasel Dipsacus fullonum, copyright Evelyn Simak.

Belongs within: Dipsacales.

The Dipsacaceae is a family of herbs and shrubs found in temperate regions of Eurasia and Africa. Members of this family have flowers borne together on a common receptacle, superficially similar to those of the composite-flowered plants in the Asteraceae. Dipsacus fullonum, teasel, produces spiny inflorescences that were historically used when dried for raising the nap on fabrics.

Characters (from Black & Robertson 1965): Herbs or undershrubs with opposite exstipulate leaves; flowers sessile in a head on a common receptacle or floral base, which is furnished with scales between flowers and surrounded by involucre of bracts, each flower also having a loose outer calyx (or involucel) enclosing the real calyx and ovary and probably formed of connate bracts. Flowers bisexual, slightly irregular; calyx small, continuous with the thin receptacle (hollow floral axis or receptacular tube) above which it is narrowed and then spread outward in teeth or awns; corolla funnel-shaped, with four or five lobes, of which the lowest is the largest; stamens never more than four, inserted in corolla-tube; ovary inferior, adnate to receptacle, one-celled, with one pendulous anatropous ovule; style filiform, stigma entire or notched; fruit small, dry, indehiscent, one-seeded, surmounted by persistent calyx and enveloped in outer calyx.

<==Dipsacaceae [Dipsaceae]
    |--Succisa YY22
    |--Pterocephalus hookeri O88
    |--Knautia PL04
    |    |--K. arvensis P93
    |    `--K. integrifolia (Linnaeus) Bertoloni 1835 PL04
    |--Lomelosia GR98
    |    |--L. brachiata [incl. Tremastelma palaestinum] GR98
    |    `--L. calocephala GR98
    |--Cephalaria H91
    |    |--C. alpina C55a
    |    |--C. procera P93
    |    `--C. transsylvanica H91
    |--Scabiosa K03
    |    |--S. arvensis C06
    |    |--S. atropurpurea BR65
    |    |--S. columbaria C55b
    |    |--S. mansenensis K03
    |    |--S. maritima BR65
    |    |--S. rutaefolia C68
    |    |--S. stellata PT01
    |    `--S. succisa P93
    `--Dipsacus CD07
         |--D. ferox BR65
         |--D. fullonum [incl. D. sylvestris] H93
         |--D. inermis O88
         |    |--D. i. var. inermis O88
         |    `--D. i. var. mitis O88
         |--D. laciniatus V09
         `--D. sativus (Linnaeus) Honck. 1782 CD07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[C55a] Candolle, A. de. 1855a. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C55b] Candolle, A. de. 1855b. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[C68] Coineau, Y. 1968. Contribution a l'étude des Caeculidae. 7^e série. Microcaeculus franzi n. sp., Caeculidae sabulicole de Corse. Vie et Milieu, Série C 19 (1): 143–158.

[GR98] Greuter, W., & T. Raus (eds.) 1998. Med-Checklist Notulae, 17. Willdenowia 28: 163–174.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[H91] Hubálek, Z. 1991. Biogeographic indication of natural foci of tick-borne infections. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 255–260. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[K03] Kårehed, J. 2003. The family Pennantiaceae and its relationships to Apiales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 1–24.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[PT01] Pemberton, L. M. S., S.-L. Tsai, P. H. Lovell & P. J. Harris. 2001. Epidermal patterning in seedling roots of eudicotyledons. Annals of Botany 87: 649–654.

[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.

[PL04] Pohl, G., & I. Lenski. 2004. Zur Verbreitung und Vergesellschaftung von Pennisetum orientale Rich. in Nordeuböa (Griechenland) (Poaceae, Paniceae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (2): 209–223.

[V09] Verdcourt, B. (ed.) 2009. Additions to the Wild Fauna and Flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. XXVI. Miscellaneous records. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 183–194.

[YY22] Yampolsky, C., & H. Yampolsky. 1922. Distribution of sex forms in the phanerogamic flora. Bibliotheca Genetica 3: 1–62.

Last updated: 3 September 2018.