Amblyomma

Cayenne tick Amblyomma cajennense, from the US Dept of Health and Health Services.

Belongs within: Ixodidae.

Amblyomma is a large genus of ticks including both large, brightly ornamented mammal parasites and smaller, less ornamented parasites of reptiles and amphibians (Keirans 2009). The genus in its current circumscription is supported by molecular analysis, though no unique morphological synapomorphies are known. Species of Amblyomma possess a pentagonal basis capituli with short lateral sides, and long palps, though these features are shared with the phylogenetically distinct Australian genus Bothriocroton. Eyeless species have previously been recognised as a distinct genus Aponomma, but the loss of eyes has occurred in Amblyomma on more than one occasion (Klompen et al. 2002). The species A. hebraeum and A. variegatum are significant transmitters of heartwater disease in African cattle (Keirans 2009).

<==Amblyomma Koch 1844 [incl. Aponomma Neumann 1899; Amblyommini] KDB02
    |--A. albolimbatum Neumann 1906 H98
    |--A. americanum (Linnaeus 1758) SH91
    |--A. australiense Neumann 1905 H98
    |--A. cajennense K09
    |--A. calabyi Roberts 1963 H98
    |--A. cyprium Neumann 1899 H98
    |--A. darwini WP99
    |--A. diemeniae Schulze 1950 H98
    |--A. dissimile Koch 1844 H07
    |--A. echidnae Roberts 1953 H98
    |--A. elaphense (Price 1959) [=Aponomma elaphense] KDB02
    |--‘Aponomma’ exornatum L35
    |--A. fimbriatum Koch 1844 (see below for synonymy) H98
    |--‘Ixodes’ flavomaculatus Lucas 1846 [=Aponomma flavomaculatum; incl. A. pulchrum Roberts 1953] H98
    |--A. gemma (Dönitz 1909) ADG91
    |--A. glauerti Keirans et al. 1994 H98
    |--A. hebraeum (Koch 1844) ADG91
    |    |--A. h. hebraeum J98
    |    `--A. h. magnum Neumann 1909 J98
    |--A. helvolum Koch 1844 H98
    |--A. latum (Koch 1844) [=Aponomma latum] KDB02
    |--A. lepidum (Dönitz 1909) ADG91
    |--A. limbatum Neumann 1899 T13
    |--A. loculosum Neumann 1907 H98
    |--A. macfarlandi S91
    |--A. macropi Roberts 1953 H98
    |--A. maculatum Koch 1844 SH91
    |--A. moreliae (Koch 1867) [=Ixodes moreliae] H98
    |--A. moyi Roberts 1953 H98
    |--A. nitidum WP99
    |--A. ovale Koch 1844 H07
    |--A. papuanum Hirst 1914 [=A. papuana] H98
    |--A. pilosum S91
    |--A. postoculatum Neumann 1899 H98
    |--A. quadricavum (Schulze 1941) [=Aponomma quadricavum] KDB02
    |--A. rotundatum WP99
    |--A. sphenodonti (Dumbleton 1943) [=Aponomma sphenodonti] KDB02
    |--A. transversale (Lucas 1845) [=Aponomma transversale] KDB02
    |--A. triguttatum Koch 1844 KDB02
    |    |--A. t. triguttatum T13
    |    |--A. t. ornatissimum Roberts 1962 T13
    |    |--A. t. queenslandense Roberts 1962 [=A. triguttatum queenslandensis] H98
    |    `--A. t. rosei Roberts 1962 H98
    |--‘Ixodes’ trimaculatus Lucas 1878 [=Aponomma trimaculatum] H98
    |--A. tuberculatum OW01
    |--A. usingeri S91
    |--‘Ixodes’ varanensis Supino 1897 [=Aponomma varanensis; incl. A. quadratum Cooper & Robinson 1908] H98
    |--A. variegatum (Fabricius 1794) ADG91
    |--A. vikirri Keirans et al. 1996 H98
    `--A. yajimai Kishida 1935 [=Ambyomma (l. c.) yajimai] TYM08

Amblyomma fimbriatum Koch 1844 [=Aponomma fimbriatum; incl. Ap. ecinctum Neumann 1901, Ap. simplex Cooper & Robinson 1908] H98

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ADG91] Amoo, A. O. J., O. O. Dipeolu & L. N. Gichuru. 1991. Tick ecology: on-host population dynamics of ticks in the Coast Province of Kenya. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 461–468. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[H07] Hoffmann, A. 2007. Acarology in Mexico: prehispanic to modern times. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 21–26. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[J98] Jäger, P. 1998. Das Typenmaterial der Spinnentiere (Arachnida: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Scorpiones, Uropygi) aus dem Museum Wiesbaden. Jahrbuecher des Nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 119: 81–91.

[K09] Keirans, J. E. 2009. Order Ixodida. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 111–123. Texas Tech University Press.

[KDB02] Klompen, H., S. J. Dobson & S. C. Barker. 2002. A new subfamily, Bothriocrotoninae n. subfam., for the genus Bothriocroton Keirans, King & Sharrad, 1994 status amend. (Ixodida: Ixodidae), and the synonymy of Aponomma Neumann, 1899 with Amblyomma Koch, 1844. Systematic Parasitology 53: 101–107.

[L35] Lawrence, R. F. 1935. The prostigmatic mites of South African lizards. Parasitology 27 (1): 1–45.

[OW01] Otto, J. C., & K. J. Wilson. 2001. Assessment of the usefulness of ribosomal 18S and mitochondrial COI sequences in Prostigmata phylogeny. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 100–109. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[S91] Schatz, H. 1991. Arrival and establishment of Acari on oceanic islands. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 2 pp. 613–618. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[SH91] Sonenshine, D. E., J. G. Hamilton, J. S. Phillips & W. R. Lusby. 1991. Mounting sex pheromone: its role in regulation of mate recognition in the Ixodidae. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 69–78. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[T13] Taylor, C. K. 2013. Annotated bibliography for Barrow Island terrestrial invertebrates. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 135–144.

[TYM08] Tennent, W. J., M. Yasuda & K. Morimoto. 2008. Lansania Journal of arachnology and zoology—a rare and obscure Japanese natural history journal. Archives of Natural History 35 (2): 252–280.

[WP99] Walter, D. E., & H. C. Proctor. 1999. Mites: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

Last updated: 18 March 2019.