Belongs within: Foraminifera.
Contains: Haplophragmoides.
The Lituolidae are a group of agglutinating foraminifera known from the Carboniferous to the present. The most basic morphology in the family is represented by the subfamily Haplophragmoidinae, in which the test is coiled with a simple interior structure. In members of the subfamily Lituolinae, the test is usually coiled in the earliest stages only, subsequently becoming uncoiled as the foram approaches maturity (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).
Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test free or attached, early stage coiled, later may be uncoiled, irregular or annular; wall agglutinated, with calcareous cement or microgranular calcite, interior simple to labyrinthic, epidermal layer imperforate; aperture single or multiple.
<==Lituolidae (see below for synonymy)
|--Spirocyclininae LT64
| |--Spirocyclina Munier-Chalmas 1887 LT64
| | `--*S. choffati Munier-Chalmas 1887 LT64
| |--Anchispirocyclina Jordan & Applin 1952 (see below for synonymy) LT64
| | `--A. lusitanica (Egger 1902) (see below for synonymy) LT64
| |--Orbitammina Berthelin 1893 LT64
| | `--*O. elliptica (d’Archiac 1843) [=Orbicula elliptica] LT64
| `--Sornayina Marie 1960 LT64
| `--*S. foissacensis Marie 1960 LT64
|--Lituolinae LT64
| |--Ammoscalaria Höglund 1947 LT64
| | `--*A. tenuimargo (Brady in Tizard & Murray 1882) [=Haplophragmium tenuimargo] LT64
| |--Ammotium Loeblich & Tappan 1953 LT64
| | `--*A. cassis (Parker in Dawson 1870) [=Lituola cassis] LT64
| |--Buccicrenata Loeblich & Tappan 1949 LT64
| | `--*B. subgoodlandensis (Vanderpool 1933) [=Ammobaculites subgoodlandensis] LT64
| |--Bulbophragmium Maync 1952 LT64
| | `--*B. aequale Maync 1952 [incl. Lituola westfalica Bartenstein 1952] LT64
| |--Discamminoides Brönnimann 1951 LT64
| | `--*D. tobleri Brönnimann 1951 LT64
| |--Flabellamminopsis Malecki 1954 LT64
| | `--*F. variabilis Malecki 1954 LT64
| |--Navarella Ciry & Rat 1951 LT64
| | `--*N. joaquini Ciry & Rat 1951 LT64
| |--Phenacophragma Applin, Loeblich & Tappan 1950 LT64
| | `--*P. assurgens Applin, Loeblich & Tappan 1950 LT64
| |--Stomatostoecha Applin, Loeblich & Tappan 1950 LT64
| | `--*S. plummerae Applin, Loeblich & Tappan 1950 LT64
| |--Ammoastuta Cushman & Brönnimann 1948 [incl. Praeammoastuta Bursch 1952] LT64
| | |--*A. salsa Cushman & Brönnimann 1948 LT64
| | `--A. alberdingi (Bursch 1952) [=*Praeammoastuta alberdingi] LT64
| |--Ammobaculoides Plummer 1932 [incl. Spiroplectella Earland 1934] LT64
| | |--*A. navarroensis Plummer 1932 LT64
| | `--A. cylindroides (Earland 1934) [=*Spiroplectella cylindroides] LT64
| |--Labyrinthina Weynschenk 1951 [incl. Lituosepta Cati 1959] LT64
| | |--*L. mirabilis Weynschenk 1951 LT64
| | `--L. recoarensis (Cati 1959) [=*Lituosepta recoarensis] LT64
| |--Ammomarginulina Wiesner 1931 LT64
| | |--*A. ensis Wiesner 1931 LT64
| | |--A. foliacea C40
| | `--A. troptunensis Voloshinova in Bykova et al. 1958 H03
| |--Flabellammina Cushman 1928 LT64
| | |--*F. alexanderi Cushman 1928 LT64
| | |--F. rugosa LT64
| | |--F. saratogaensis C40
| | `--F. washitensis LT64
| |--Triplasia Reuss 1854 (see below for synonymy) LT64
| | |--*T. murchisoni Reuss 1854 [=*Rhabdogonium murchisoni] LT64
| | |--T. georgsdorfensis (Bartenstein & Brand 1949) [=*Tetraplasia georgsdorfensis] LT64
| | |--T. goodlandensis (Cushman & Alexander 1929) [=*Frankeina goodlandensis] LT64
| | `--‘*Centenarina’ hungarica Majzon 1948 LT64
| |--Lituola Lamarck 1804 [=Lituolites Lamarck 1804; incl. Cribrospirella Marie 1941, Stylolina Karrer 1877] LT64
| | |--*L. nautiloidea Lamarck 1804 [=*Lituolites nautiloidea] LT64
| | |--‘Lituolites’ difformis Lamarck 1804 [=*Cribrospirella difformis] LT64
| | |--‘*Stylolina’ lapugyensis Karrer 1877 LT64
| | |--L. mexicana C40
| | `--L. taylorensis C40
| `--Ammobaculites Cushman 1910 LT64
| |--*A. agglutinans (d’Orbigny 1846) LT64 [=Spirolina agglutinans H03]
| |--A. calcareum C40
| |--A. catenulatus H03
| |--A. compressa [=Ammomarginulina compressa] LT64
| |--A. coprolithiforme C40
| |--A. foliaceus LT64
| |--A. stenomeca C40
| `--A. taylorensis C40
|--Cyclammininae [Choffatellinae] LT64
| |--Feurtillia Maync 1958 LT64
| | `--*F. frequens Maync 1958 LT64
| |--Hemicyclammina Maync 1953 LT64
| | `--*H. sigali Maync 1953 LT64
| |--Martiguesia Maync 1959 LT64
| | `--*M. cyclamminiformis Maync 1959 LT64
| |--Mesoendothyra Dain 1958 LT64
| | `--*M. izumiana Dain 1958 LT64
| |--Pseudochoffatella Deloffre 1961 LT64
| | `--*P. cuvillieri Deloffre 1961 LT64
| |--Reticulophragmium Maync 1955 LT64
| | `--*R. venezuelanum (Maync 1952) [=Alveolophragmium venezuelanum] LT64
| |--Torinosuella Maync 1959 LT64
| | `--*T. peneropliformis (Yabe & Hanzawa 1926) [=Choffatella peneropliformis] LT64
| |--Pseudocyclammina Yabe & Hanzawa 1926 (see below for synonymy) LT64
| | `--*P. lituus (Yokoyama 1890) [=Cyclammina lituus] LT64
| |--Choffatella Schlumberger 1905 LT64
| | `--*C. decipiens Schlumberger 1905 LT64
| |--Alveolophragmium Shchedrina 1936 LT64
| | |--*A. orbiculatum Shchedrina 1936 LT64
| | `--A. indentatus (Voloshinova in Voloshinova & Budasheva 1961) (see below for synonymy) H03
| `--Cyclammina Brady 1879 LT64
| |--*C. cancellata Brady 1879 LT64
| |--C. elegans C40
| |--C. incisa H90
| |--C. japonica Asano 1950 H03
| |--C. pauciloculata C40
| |--C. pseudopusilla Hanagata 2003 H03
| |--C. pusilla H03
| `--C. rotundata H90
|--Loftusiinae [Loftusiidae] LT64
| |--Loftusia Brady in Carpenter & Brady 1870 LT64
| | `--*L. persica Brady in Carpenter & Brady 1870 LT64
| `--Paracyclammina Yabe 1946 LT64
| `--*P. bemmeleni (Silvestri 1932) [=Loftusia bemmeleni] LT64
|--Sphaerammininae LT64
| |--Sphaerammina Cushman 1910 LT64
| | `--*S. ovalis Cushman 1910 LT64
| |--Ammosphaerulina Cushman 1912 LT64
| | `--*A. adhaerens Cushman 1912 LT64
| `--Canepaia Boltovskoy 1961 LT64
| `--*C. brasiliensis Boltovskoy 1961 LT64
|--Coscinophragmatinae [Arpolyphragmina, Coscinophragminae, Polyphragminae] LT64
| |--Coscinophragma Thalmann 1951 (see below for synonymy) LT64
| | `--*C. cribrosum (Reuss 1846) (see below for synonymy) LT64
| |--Adhaerentia Plummer 1938 LT64
| | `--*A. midwayensis Plummer 1938 LT64
| `--Bdelloidina Carter 1877 [=Arbdelloidinum Rhumbler 1913] LT64
| |--*B. aggregata Carter 1877 [=*Arbdelloidinum aggregatum] LT64
| `--B. vincentownensis LT64
|--Placopsilininae [Arplacopsinia] LT64
| |--Acruliammina Loeblich & Tappan 1946 LT64
| | `--*A. longa (Tappan 1940) [=Placopsilina longa] LT64
| |--Arenonina Barnard 1958 LT64
| | `--*A. cretacea Barnard 1958 LT64
| |--Haddonia Chapman 1898 [=Arhaddonium Rhumbler 1913] LT64
| | `--*H. torresiensis Chapman 1898 [=*Arhaddonium torresiense] LT64
| |--Manorella Grice 1948 LT64
| | `--*M. proteus Grice 1948 LT64
| |--Oxinoxis Gutschick 1962 LT64
| | `--*O. botrys Gutschick 1962 LT64
| |--Subbdelloidina Frentzen 1944 [incl. Eoplacopsilina Payard 1947] LT64
| | |--*S. haeusleri Frentzen 1944 LT64
| | `--S. mariei (Payard 1947) [=*Eoplacopsilina mariei] LT64
| `--Placopsilina d’Orbigny 1850 [incl. Ammocibicides Earland 1934] LT64
| |--*P. cenomana d’Orbigny 1850 LT64
| |--P. ciscoensis C40
| |--‘Ammocibicides’ pontoni C40
| |--P. proteus (Earland 1934) [=*Ammocibicides proteus] LT64
| |--P. redoakensis C40
| `--P. tenuistesta Chapman & Howchin 1905 F71
`--Haplophragmoidinae LT64
|--Haplophragmoides LT64
|--Adercotryma Loeblich & Tappan 1952 LT64
| `--*A. glomerata (Brady 1878) [=Lituola glomerata] LT64
|--Daxia Cuvillier & Szakall 1949 LT64
| `--*D. cenomana Cuvillier & Szakall 1949 LT64
|--Discammina Lacroix 1932 LT64
| `--D. compressa (Göes 1882) H03 (see below for synonymy)
|--Thalmannammina Pokorný 1951 LT64
| `--*T. subturbinata (Grzbowski 1897) [=Haplophragmium subturbinatum] LT64
|--Trochamminita Cushman & Brönnimann 1948 LT64
| `--*T. irregularis Cushmann & Brönnimann 1948 LT64
|--Recurvoidella Uchio 1960 LT64
| |--*R. parkerae Uchio 1960 [=Thalmannammina parkerae] LT64
| `--R. spadix (Kuznetzova in Voloshinova et al. 1970) [=Haplophragmoides spadix] H03
|--Trochamminoides Cushman 1910 LT64
| |--*T. proteus (Karrer 1866) [=Trochammina proteus] LT64
| `--T. irregularis B49
|--Recurvoides Earland 1934 LT64
| |--*R. contortus Earland 1934 LT64
| |--R. laevigatum LT64
| `--R. trochamminiforme LT64
`--Cribrostomoides Cushman 1910 [incl. Labrospira Höglund 1947] LT64
|--C. subglobosus (Cushman 1910) H03 (see below for synonymy)
|--C. crassimargo (Norman 1892) H03 [=Haplophragmium crassimargo H03, *Labrospira crassimargo LT64]
|--C. latidorsatum LT64
`--C. trinitatensis C40
Alveolophragmium indentatus (Voloshinova in Voloshinova & Budasheva 1961) [=Haplophragmoides indentatus; incl. H. hatai Takayanagi in Scott et al. 2000] H03
Anchispirocyclina Jordan & Applin 1952 [incl. Iberina Munier-Chalmas 1902 non Simon 1881, Trematocyclina Choffat 1885 (n. n.)] LT64
Anchispirocyclina lusitanica (Egger 1902) [=Dicyclina lusitanica, *Iberina lusitanica; incl. *Anchispirocyclina henbesti Jordan & Applin 1952] LT64
Coscinophragma Thalmann 1951 [=Arpolyphragmoum Rhumbler 1913, Polyphragma Reuss 1871 non Quatrefages 1866] LT64
*Coscinophragma cribrosa (Reuss 1846) [=Lichenopora cribrosa, *Arpolyphragmoum cribrosum, *Polyphragma cribrosa] LT64
Cribrostomoides subglobosus (Cushman 1910) H03 [=Haplophragmoides subglobosus H03, Alveolophragmium subglobosum H03; incl. *Cribrostomoides bradyi Cushman 1910 LT64, Lituola globosa H03, Haplophragmoides nishikizawensis Takayanagi in Scott et al. 2000 H03, H. renzi Asano 1950 H03]
Discammina compressa (Göes 1882) H03 [=Lituola irregularis var. compressa H03; incl. Haplophragmium emaciatum Brady 1884 H03, Haplophragmoides emaciatum H03, *Discammina fallax Lacroix 1932 LT64]
Lituolidae [Lituacea, Lituolata, Lituoletta, Lituolideae, Lituolitidae, Loftusina, Mesoendothyridae, Placopsilinidae, Polyphragmidae, Spirocyclinidae]
Pseudocyclammina Yabe & Hanzawa 1926 [=Pseudochoffatella Leupold & Maync 1935 (n. n.) non Deloffre 1961] LT64
Triplasia Reuss 1854 [=Rhabdogonium Reuss 1860; incl. Centenarina Majzon 1948, Centenaria (l. c.), Frankeina Cushman & Alexander 1929, Tetraplasia Bartenstein & Brand 1949] LT64
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.
[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).
[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.
[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.
[H90] Hayward, B. W. 1990. Use of foraminiferal data in analysis of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 20: 71–83.
[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.
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