Belongs within: Gnathostomata.
Contains: Elonichthyiformes, Amphicentridae, Scanilepiformes, Actinopteri.
The Actinopterygii contain the ray-finned fishes in which the external fin is mostly composed of a ray-supported membrane. However, some basal members of this group (such as the modern Polypteridae) retain lobate pectoral fins. Basal ray-finned fishes (including the living Polypteriformes, Acipenseriformes and Holostei) have a covering of bony ganoid scales, often diamond-shaped and non-overlapping. Many fossil examples of these heavily armoured fishes have previously been classified in the Palaeoniscimorpha, now recognised as paraphyletic to more derived actinopteygians. The basalmost actinopterygians include the Devonian Cheirolepiformes which retained an appearance similar to related basal fishes in the Sarcopterygii and Acanthodii. The Saurichthyidae were long-bodied, long-jawed predatory fishes known from the late Permian to the mid-Jurassic.
Synapomorphies (from Xu & Gao 2011): Extrascapular paired; single pair only of nasal bones; squamosal absent; dentary with enclosed mandibular canal; presupracleithrum present; caudal fin heterocercal, upper caudal fin rays short.
<==Actinopterygii [Palaeoniscimorpha]
|--Meemannia Zhu, Yu et al. 2006 GX17, ZY06
| `--*M. eos Zhu, Yu et al. 2006 ZY06
`--+--Cheirolepiformes TT05
| |--Samarichthys [Karaunguriidae] TT05
| | `--S. luxus Minikh 1990 TT05
| |--Boreolepis [Boreolepedidae] TT05
| | |--B. jenseni Aldinger 1937 G93
| | `--B. tataricus Esin 1996 TT05
| `--Cheirolepis Agassiz 1835 XG11, P99 [Cheirolepidae]
| |--C. trailli Agassiz 1835 GX17, CDZ93
| `--+--C. canadensis Whiteaves 1881 GX17, CDZ93
| `--C. schultzei GX17
`--+--+--Osorioichthys [Osorioichthyidae] GX17
| | `--O. marginis (Casier 1952) G93
| `--Tegeolepis [Tegeolepididae] GX17
| `--T. clarki (Newberry 1888) G93
`--+--+--Mimipiscis GX17
| | |--M. toombsi GX17
| | `--+--M. bartrami GX17
| | `--Gogosardina coatesi GX17
| |--+--Donnrosenia schaefferi GX17
| | `--Mimiidae G93
| | |--Mimia toombsi Gardiner & Bartram 1977 G93
| | `--Howqualepis rostridens Long 1988 GX17, G93
| `--+--Raynerius splendens GX17
| `--Stegotrachelidae G93
| |--Orvikuina Gross 1953 G93
| |--Stegotrachelus Woodward & White 1926 G93
| | `--S. finlayi GX17
| `--Moythomasia Gross 1950 GX17, G93
| |--M. durgaringa GX17
| |--M. lineata GX17
| |--M. nitida Gross 1953 P99
| `--M. perforata GX17
`--+--+--Woodichthys bearsdeni GX17
| |--Melanecta anneae GX17
| `--Elonichthyiformes GX17
`--+--Pholidopleuridae [Pholidopleuriformes] G93
| |--Arctosomus sibiricus Berg 1941 G93
| |--Pholidopleurus typus Bronn 1858 G93
| |--Australosomus Piveteau 1930 GX17, G93
| | `--A. kochi GX17
| `--Macroaethes Wade 1932 G93
| `--M. brookvalei Wade 1932 F71
`--+--+--Amphicentridae GX17
| `--+--Fouldenia ischiptera GX17
| `--Styracopteridae G93
| |--Styracopterus fulcatus Traquair 1890 GX17, G93
| |--Whiteichthys Moy-Thomas 1942 G93
| `--Chichia gracilis Liu & Wang 1978 G93
`--+--+--Scanilepiformes GX17
| `--Actinopteri GX17
`--Saurichthyidae [Belonorhynchidae, Saurichthyiformes] G93
|--Belonorhynchus gigas Woodward 1890 F71
|--Eosaurichthys Liu & Wel 1988 G93
|--Saurorhynchus brevirostris (Woodward 1895) G93
`--Saurichthys Agassiz 1834 GX17, G93
|--S. madagascarensis GX17
`--S. parvidens F71
Actinopterygii incertae sedis:
Amphistichus B02
|--A. argenteus B02
|--A. heermanni Girard 1854 DS89
`--A. rhodoterus B78
Eutrigla gurnardus OC03
Pseudocaranx dentex OC03
Spectrunculus grandis OC03
Lepidotus notidanus BO02
Niwaella delicata T90
Squalidus T90
|--S. chankaensis T90
| |--S. c. chankaensis T90
| `--S. c. biwae T90
|--S. gracilis T90
`--S. japonicus T90
Pseudogobio T90
|--P. esocinus T90
`--P. rivularis T90
Leucopsarion petersi T90
Hemibarbus T90
|--H. barbus T90
`--H. longirostris T90
Biwa zezera T90
Odonthestes bonariensis T90
Pungtungia herzi T90
Ischikauia steenackeri T90
Chirolophus nugator B96
Haplopagrus guentheri B96
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus B96
Sicyases sanguinus B96
Pyrrhulina filamentosa B96
Xenocharax spilurus B96
Genyonemus lineatus B96
Tautagolabrus adspersus B96
Xererpes fucorum B96
Mylopharyngodon piceus B96
Salminus maxillosus B96
Steindachnerella Eiglemann 1897 B78
Neoclinus blanchardi B78
Damalichthys vacca B78
Pahaerodon furcatus B78
Apomotis cyanellus D51
Clevelandia ios CH97
Lionurus carapinus CH97
Usclasichthys Heyler 1977 P99
`--*U. macrodens Heyler 1977 P99
Gyrolepis Agassiz 1833 P99
Crinodus lophodon CC98
Zalembius rosaceus AFL84
Leptatherina wallacei MG06
Pseudogobius olorum MG06
Eleginus navaga W81
Horalabiosa joshuai AJ02
Sillaginodes punctatus S45
Limichthys polyactis HS01
Parika scaber HS01
Obliquichthys maryannae HS01
Grahamina capito HS01
Notolabrus celidotus HS01
Notoclinops segmentatus HS01
Ruanoho whero HS01
Trachylochismus melobesia HS01
Hymenophysa curta USDI77
Acanthorutilus handlirschi USDI77
Moapa coriacea USDI77
Probarbus jullieni USDI77
Plagopterus argentissimus USDI77
Brazilichthys macrognathus Cox & Hutchinson 1991 WO06
Sargus PP89
|--S. annularis D56
|--S. rondeletii PP89
|--S. salviani D56
`--S. vulgaris D56
Corvina PP89
|--C. chrysoleuca G66
|--C. nigra PP89
|--C. ronchus G66
`--C. vermicularis G66
Gymnocharacinus bergi Steindachner 1903 RGG06
Gymnetrus banksii T66
Meletta libertatis G66
Plagiogeneion rubiginosus P49
Oxygaster PP07
|--O. baccaila PP07 [=Chela bacaila PH72]
`--O. clupeoides RM72
Catla catla PP07
Mystus CS77
|--M. aor DR72
|--M. cavasius PP07
|--M. gulio CS77
|--M. seenghala DR72
`--M. vittatus PP07
Gadusia chaptra PP07
Poeciliops M68
|--P. formosa M68
|--P. latipinna M68
`--P. sphenops M68
Discordichthyidae [Discordichthyiformes] TT05
|--Discordichthys spinifer (Minikh 1998) TT05
`--Geryonichthys TT05
|--G. burchardi Minikh 1998 TT05
`--G. longus Minikh 1998 TT05
Auchenoceros punctatus H01
Pseudophycis bachus H01
Austrophycis marginata H01
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus H01
Amphichthys cryptocentrus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1837 BC01
Joturus pichardi R86
Polysteganus caeruleopunctatus Klunzinger 1871 S63
Pneumatophorus grex P61
Mollienisia F16b
|--M. latipinna F15
`--M. sphenops F16b
Eupomotis CS77
|--E. gibbosus CS77
`--E. holbrooki F15
Hepatus Gronow 1765 [incl. Teuthis Linnaeus 1766, Theutis] JR10
|--H. bahianus F15
|--H. celebicus JR10
|--H. coeruleus F16b
|--H. elongatus JR10
|--H. hepatus F15
|--H. matoides JR10
`--H. olivaceus JR10
Glaridichthys uninotatus F15
Vomer F16b
|--V. setapinnis F16b
`--V. spixii F15
Bathystoma F16b
|--B. rimator F15
`--B. striatum F16b
Priapichthys annectens F15
Coptostomobarbus vittei CS77
Lophopsetta maculata F16a
Pygosteus pungitius F16a
Lasiancistrus guacharote [=Ancistrus guacharote; incl. A. trinitatis Regan 1906] F16b
Odontostilbe pulcher (Gill 1858) [=Poecilurichthys pulcher, Chirodon pulcher] F16b
Stevardia altipinnis Gill 1858 (see below for synonymy) F16b
Hoploerythrinus unitaeniatus [=Erythrinus unitaeniatus; incl. E. cinereus Gill 1858] F16b
Seserinus paru F16b
Petrometopon cruentatus F16b
|--P. c. cruentatus F16b
`--P. c. coronatus [=Serranus coronatus; incl. Epinephelus guttatus Boulenger 1895] F16b
Eudulus auriga [=Serranus auriga] F16b
Brachygenys F16b
|--B. chrysargyreus (Günther 1859) [=Haemulon chrysargyreum] F16b
`--B. rimator F16b
Corvula subaequalis [incl. C. sanctaeluciae Jordan 1889] F16b
Philypnus dormitor F16b
Alphestes chloropterus [incl. Epinephelus afer Boulenger 1895] F16b
Myriapristis jacobus F16b
Angelichthys isabelita F16b
Colocopus lambdurus Gill 1884 JR10
Prontocanthus sahelalmae Davis 1887 [=Holosteus sahelalmae] P05
Porocottus allisi SSE10
Opisthocentrus ocellatus SSE10
Davidijordania lacertina SSE10
Cuneoganthus gerdineri GX17
Krasnoyarichthys jesseni GX17
Limnomis delayni GX17
Novagonatodus kasantsevae GX17
Paedocypris progenetica SBM11
Vallecillichthys multivertebratum VF21
Robertichthys riograndensis VF21
Esomus RS72
|--E. altus [=E. danrica var. alta] RS72
`--E. danricus RS72 [=E. danrica PH72]
|--E. d. danricus RS72
|--E. d. jabalpurensis Rao & Sharma 1972 RS72
`--E. d. malabaricus RS72
Amblypharyngodon mola PH72
Eutroplus suratensis RM72
Potamalosa novahollandiae O97
Amphacanthus hexagonatus O97
Batrachus trispinosus O97
Crepidogaster tasmaniensis O97
Stevardia altipinnis Gill 1858 [incl. Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858, C. riisii, Nematopoma searlesii Gill 1858, C. veedoni Gill 1858] F16b
*Type species of generic name indicated
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