Drepaninini

The recently-extinct Maui nukupu'u Hemignathus lucidus affinis, illustrated by John Gerrard Keulemans.

Belongs within: Carduelinae.

The Drepaninini include the Hawaiian honeycreepers, a relatively small but morphologically diverse group of birds endemic to the Hawaiian islands. The Hawaiian honeycreepers have become famed for having evolved to occupy a range of disparate niches, including seed-eating, insectivorous and nectarivorous species. Unfortunately, they have also been victim to a high extinction rate since European settlement, with many species no longer surviving and others severely endangered.

<==Drepaninini [Drepanididae, Drepaniidae, Psittirostrinae]
    |--+--Melamprosops phaeosoma JF06
    |  `--+--Oreomystis bairdi JT12
    |     `--Paroreomyza JT12
    |          |--P. flammea FS01
    |          |--P. maculata JT12
    |          `--P. montana JF06
    `--+--Hemignathus Lichtenstein 1839 BKB15, B94 [Hemignathinae]
       |    |  i. s.: H. ellisianus HSS13
       |    |         H. flavus JT12
       |    |         H. munroi BKB15
       |    |         H. obscurus FS01
       |    |           |--H. o. obscurus FP64
       |    |           |--H. o. lanaiensis FP64
       |    |           `--H. o. lichtensteinii FP64
       |    |         H. sagittirostris FS01
       |    |--H. procerus FP64
       |    `--+--H. lucidus FP64
       |       |    |--H. l. lucidus FP64
       |       |    |--H. l. affinis FP64
       |       |    `--H. l. hanapepe FP64
       |       `--H. wilsoni FP64
       `--+--+--Telespiza BKB15
          |  |    |--T. cantans JF06
          |  |    `--T. ultima JF06
          |  `--Loxioides JT12
          |       |--L. bailleui JF06
          |       `--L. cantans L81
          |            |--L. c. cantans L81
          |            `--L. c. ultima L81
          `--+--+--Magumma parva BKB15
             |  `--+--+--Pseudonestor xanthophrys BKB15
             |     |  `--‘Hemignathus’ parvus [=Viridonia parva] JF06
             |     `--Loxops BKB15
             |          |--L. caeruleirostris JF06
             |          |--L. coccineus JT12
             |          |    |--L. c. coccineus HSS13
             |          |    |--L. c. ochraceus HSS13
             |          |    |--L. c. rufa MS55
             |          |    `--L. c. wolstenholmei HSS13
             |          `--L. maculata USDI77
             |               |--L. m. maculata USDI77
             |               |--L. m. bairdi MS55
             |               |--L. m. flammea USDI77
             |               `--L. m. mana USDI77
             `--+--+--‘Hemignathus’ kauaiensis BKB15
                |  |--‘Loxops’ parva FP64
                |  |--‘Loxops’ sagittirostris FP64
                |  `--‘Hemignathus’ virens JT12 [=Loxops virens SA82, Viridonia virens JF06]
                `--+--Oreomystis mana BKB15
                   `--+--+--Palmeria dolei BKB15
                      |  `--Ciridops anna FP64
                      `--+--+--Vestiaria coccinea BKB15
                         |  `--Drepanis Temminck 1820 FP64, B94 [Drepanidinae]
                         |       |--*D. pacifica (Gmelin 1788) B94
                         |       `--D. funerea FP64
                         `--Himatione BKB15
                              |--H. chloris MS55
                              |--H. sanguinea SA82
                              `--H. stejnegeri MS55

Drepaninini incertae sedis:
  Heterorhynchus lucidus MS55
  Oreomyza flammea MS55
  Rhodacanthis FS01
    |--R. flaviceps FS01
    `--R. palmeri FS01
  Psittirostra Temminck 1820 FP64, B94
    |  i. s.: P. flaviceps FP64
    |         P. palmeri FP64
    |--P. psittacea FP64
    |    |--P. p. psittacea MS55
    |    `--P. p. deppei MS55
    `--+--P. bailleui FP64
       `--+--P. cantans FP64
          |    |--P. c. cantans FP64
          |    `--P. c. ultima FP64
          `--P. kona FP64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.

[FS01] Flannery, T., & P. Schouten. 2001. A Gap in Nature: Discovering the World's Extinct Animals. Text Publishing: Melbourne.

[HSS13] Hirschfeld, E., A. Swash & R. Still. 2013. The World's Rarest Birds. Princeton University Press: Princeton (New Jersey).

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149–186.

[L81] Long, J. L. 1981. Introduced Birds of the World: The worldwide history, distribution and influence of birds introduced to new environments. Reed: Sydney.

[MS55] Mertens, R., & J. Steinbacher. 1955. Die im Senckenberg-Museum vorhandenen Arten ausgestorbener, aussterbender oder seltener Vögel. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (3–4): 241–265.

[SA82] Sibley, C. G., & J. E. Ahlquist. 1982. The relationships of the Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepaninini) as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Auk 99: 130–140.

[USDI77] USDI (United States Department of the Interior). 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420–36431.