Yponomeutoidea

Sedge moth Glyphipteryx chrysoplanetis, photographed by Donald Hobern.

Belongs within: Ditrysia.

The Yponomeutoidea are a group of mostly small moths, the larvae of which bore in stems or leaves of plants. Ocelli are present in Plutellidae and Glyphipterygidae but absent in Argyresthiidae and Yponomeutidae (Nielsen & Common 1991).

Characters (from Nielsen & Common 1991): Very small to medium sized, ocelli present or absent; chaetosemata usually absent; scape sometimes with pecten; proboscis naked; maxillary palps small, 1-4-segmented; labial palps short, drooping or moderately ascending; epiphysis present; spurs 0-2-4, rarely 0-2-0; fore wing with M rarely retained in discal cell, chorda and pterostigma often present, R₅ usually to termen, venation sometimes reduced; retinaculum in female sometimes a subcostal scale-tuft; hind tibiae usually smooth, abdomen sometimes with inconspicuous dorsal spining, S2 of tineid type and usually with transverse rim near anterior margin, male segment 8 with pleural lobes present and often with paired coremata. Larva with 3 (sometimes 2) prespiracular setae on prothorax, crochets in a uniordinal, uniserial to multiserial circle, occasionally in transverse band or absent; boring in stems, mining in leaves, feeding beneath a slight webbing, or in a more extensive webbing. Pupa without dorsal abdominal spines, or rarely with dorsal transverse ridges; in larval gallery or in fusiform or oval, silken, sometimes network cocoon or exposed, usually not protruded from cocoon or shelter at ecdysis.

<==Yponomeutoidea
    |--Ypsolophidae NC91
    |--Acrolepiidae M03
    |--Argyresthiidae [Argyresthiinae] NC91
    |    |--Argyresthia notoleuca NC91
    |    `--Argyresthites P92
    |--Aegeriidae C70
    |    |--Diapyra igniflua C70
    |    |--Paradoxecia pieli Lieu 1935 H38
    |    `--Scoliomima insigna B28
    |--Plutellidae [Plutellinae] M03
    |    |--Dolichernis chloroleuca P27
    |    |--Protosynaemis eratopis P27
    |    |--Chrysorthenches AY04
    |    |--Chrysoteuches AY04
    |    |--Leuroperna sera NC91
    |    |--Epinomeuta truncatipennella RJ93
    |    |--Acmosara Meyrick 1887 M87
    |    |    `--*A. polyxena Meyrick 1887 M87
    |    |--Proditrix M03
    |    |    |--P. nielseni McQuillan 2003 M03
    |    |    `--P. tetragona M03
    |    |--Orthenches P27
    |    |    |--O. glyphtarcha L27
    |    |    `--O. similis P27
    |    `--Plutella Schrank 1802 B07
    |         |--P. antiphona L27
    |         |--P. maculipennis P27
    |         |--P. sera L27
    |         `--P. xylostella GE05 [=Cerostoma xylostella H04]
    |--Glyphipterygidae M03
    |    |--Heliostibes M27
    |    |    |--H. electrica P27
    |    |    `--H. vibratrix Meyrick 1927 M27
    |    |--Simaethis P27
    |    |    |--S. albifasciata P27
    |    |    |--S. analoga P27
    |    |    |--S. chionodesma C70
    |    |    |--S. combinatana P27
    |    |    |--S. ophiosema C70
    |    |    `--S. taprobanes Z. 1877 M86
    |    `--Glyphipterix NC91
    |         |--G. achlyoessa P27
    |         |--G. acronoma P27
    |         |--G. ataracta P27
    |         |--G. chrysoplanetis P27
    |         |--G. cometophora P27
    |         |--G. condonias L27
    |         |--G. gemmipunctella NC91
    |         |--G. octonaria P27
    |         |--G. transversella P27
    |         `--G. zelota P27
    `--Yponomeutidae YS10
         |  i. s.: Tonza purella P27
         |         Urodus parvula GE05
         |         Enaemia M87
         |           |--E. caminaea Meyrick 1887 M87
         |           |--E. erythractis Meyrick 1887 M87
         |           `--E. pyrilampis Meyrick 1886 M86
         |         Mieza M86
         |         Ceratophysetis Meyrick 1887 M87
         |           `--*C. sphaerosticha Meyrick 1887 M87
         |--Atteva GE05 [Attevinae NC91]
         |    |--A. aurea KP19
         |    |--A. exquisita MF68
         |    |--A. niphocosma NC91
         |    `--A. niveiguttella [=Corinea niveiguttella] WM66
         |--Prays YS10 [Praydinae NC91]
         |    |--P. citri RC91
         |    |--P. nephelomima NC91
         |    |--P. oleellus YS10
         |    `--P. parilis NC91
         `--Yponomeutinae NC91
              |--Zelleria NC91
              |    |--Z. copidota P27
              |    `--Z. euthysema C70
              `--Yponomeuta Latreille 1802 L02
                   |--*Y. evonymellus L02, KP19 [=Tinea evonymella L02]
                   |--Y. cognatella F92
                   |--Y. interellus P27
                   |--Y. malinella YS10
                   |--Y. padella G84
                   |--Y. paurodes NC91
                   |--Y. pustulellus C70
                   |--Y. rorellus F92
                   `--Y. vigintipunctanta F92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AY04] Austin, A. D., D. K. Yeates, G. Cassis, M. J. Fletcher, J. La Salle, J. F. Lawrence, P. B. McQuillan, L. A. Mound, D. J. Bickel, P. J. Gullan, D. F. Hales & G. S. Taylor. 2004. Insects ‘Down Under’—diversity, endemism and evolution of the Australian insect fauna: examples from select orders. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 216–234.

[B28] Betrem, J. G. 1928. Monographie der Indo-Australischen Scoliiden mit zoogeographischen Betrachtungen. H. Veenman & Zonen: Wageningen.

[B07] Blakemore, R. J. 2007. Origin and means of dispersal of cosmopolitan Pontodrilus litoralis (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae). European Journal of Soil Biology 43: S3–S8.

[C70] Common, I. F. B. 1970. Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 765–866. Melbourne University Press.

[F92] Fan Z. 1992. Key to the Common Flies of China 2^nd ed. Science Press: Beijing.

[G84] Gauld, I. D. 1984. An Introduction to the Ichneumonidae of Australia. British Museum (Natural History).

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H38] Heinrich, C. 1938. An important mulberry insect. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (8): 249–250.

[KP19] Kawahara, A. Y., D. Plotkin, M. Espeland, K. Meusemann, E. F. A. Toussaint, A. Donath, F. Gimnich, P. B. Frandsen, A. Zwick, M. dos Reis, J. R. Barber, R. S. Peters, S. Liu, X. Zhou, C. Mayer, L. Podsiadlowski, C. Storer, J. E. Yack, B. Misof & J. W. Breinholt. 2019. Phylogenomics reveals the evolutionary timing and pattern of butterflies and moths. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 116 (45): 22657–22663.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[L27] Lindsay, S. 1927. A list of the Lepidoptera of Deans Bush, Riccarton, Canterbury. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 693–696.

[M03] McQuillan, P. B. 2003. The giant Tasmanian ‘pandani’ moth Proditrix nielseni, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Plutellidae s. l.) Invertebrate Systematics 17: 59–66.

[M86] Meyrick, E. 1886. On some Lepidoptera from the Fly River. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (2): 241–258.

[M87] Meyrick, E. 1887. Descriptions of new Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1037–1048.

[M27] Meyrick, E. 1927. Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 697–702.

[MF68] Moran, R., & R. Felger. 1968. Castela polyandra, a new species in a new section; union of Holacantha with Castela (Simaroubaceae). Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 15 (4): 31–40.

[NC91] Nielsen, E. S., & I. F. B. Common. 1991. Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 817–915. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[P27] Philpott, A. 1927. The maxillae in the Lepidoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 721–746.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RC91] Ragusa Di Chiara, S. 1991. Using native phytoseiids in agricultural cropping systems. In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 159–166. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WM66] Wallace, A. R., & F. Moore. 1866. List of lepidopterous insects collected at Takow, Formosa, by Mr. R. Swinhoe. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 355–365.

[YS10] Yefremova, Z. A., & I. S. Strakhova. 2010. A review of the species of the genus Elasmus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from Russia and neighboring countries. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 89 (3): 634–661.

Last updated: 2 March 2021.