Clydonautilaceae

The Upper Permian Permonautilus cornutus (Liroceratidae), views of two specimens. Figures fromm Kummel (1964).

Belongs within: Nautilida.

The Clydonautilaceae were a lineage of nautilid cephalopods known from the Carboniferous to the Triassic (the genus Potoceras may have appeared earlier in the Upper Devonian). Though early forms had fairly straight sutures, some later forms developed the most complexly folded sutures of any nautiloid (Kummel 1964).

Characteristics (from Kummel 1964): Generally smooth, involute, globular to occluded shells. Sutures nearly straight in early forms but becoming highly differentiated in one later lineage [Clydonautilidae + (Gonionautilus + Siberionautilus)].

<==Clydonautilaceae [Lirocerataceae, Liroceratina]
    |--Ephippioceratidae [Epphipphioceratidae] K64
    |    |--Megaglossoceras Miller, Dunbar & Condra 1933 K64
    |    |    |--*M. montgomeryense (Worthen 1884) [=Nautilus montgomeryensis] K64
    |    |    `--M. pristinum K64
    |    `--Ephippioceras Hyatt 1884 [incl. Arthuroceras Shimanskiy 1962] K64
    |         |--*E. ferratum (Cox 1858) [=Nautilus ferratus] K64
    |         |--E. divisum P68
    |         `--E. inexpectans Miller & Youngquist 1947 P68
    |--+--+--Gonionautilus Mojsisovics 1902 [Gonionautilidae] K64
    |  |  |    `--G. securis (von Dittmar 1866) [=Nautilus securis] K64
    |  |  `--Siberionautilus Popov 1951 [Siberionautilidae] K64
    |  |       `--*S. multilobatus Popov 1951 K64
    |  `--Clydonautilidae K64
    |       |  i. s.: Callaionautilus Kieslinger 1924 K64
    |       |           `--*C. turgidus Kieslinger 1924 K64
    |       |         Cosmonautilus Hyatt & Smith 1905 K64
    |       |           `--*C. dilleri Hyatt & Smith 1905 K64
    |       |--Styrionautilus Mojsisovics 1902 K64
    |       |    |--*S. styriacus (Mojsisovics 1873) [=Nautilus styriacus] K64
    |       |    `--S. discoidolis K64
    |       `--+--Clydonautilus Mojsisovics 1882 K64
    |          |    |--*C. noricus (Mojsisovics 1873) [=Nautilus noricus] K64
    |          |    |--C. biangularis K64
    |          |    `--C. timorensis K64
    |          `--Proclydonautilus Mojsisovics 1902 [=Procladonautilus (l. c.)] K64
    |               |--*P. griesbachi (Mojsisovics 1896) [=Nautilus griesbachi] K64
    |               |--P. buddhaicus K64
    |               |--P. ermollii K64
    |               `--P. spirolobus K64
    `--Liroceratidae [Coloceratidae, Paranautilidae] K64
         |--Alexandronautilus Shimanskiy 1962 K64
         |    `--*A. abichi [=Coloceras abichi, Permonautilus (Alexandronautilus) abichi] K64
         |--Condraoceras Miller, Lane & Unklesbay 1947 K64
         |    `--*C. primum Miller, Lane & Unklesbay 1947 K64
         |--Hemiliroceras Ruzhentsev & Shimanskiy 1954 K64
         |    `--*H. inflatum Ruzhentsev & Shimanskiy 1954 K64
         |--Indonautilus Mojsisovics 1902 K64
         |    `--*I. kraffti (Mojsisovics 1902) [=Nautilus kraffti] K64
         |--Peripetoceras Hyatt 1894 [=Periptoceras (l. c.); incl. Cyclonautilus Hind 1911, Nannoceras Hyatt 1894] K64
         |    `--*P. freieslebeni (Geinitz 1843) [=Nautilus freieslebeni, Temnocheilus freieslebeni] K64
         |--Permonautilus Kruglov 1933 K64
         |    `--*P. cornutus (Golovinsky 1868) [=Nautilus cornutus] K64
         |--Potoceras Hyatt 1894 K64
         |    `--*P. dubium Hyatt 1894 K64
         |--Paranautilus Mojsisovics 1902 K64
         |    |--*P. simonyi (Hauer 1849) [=Nautilus simonyi] K64
         |    `--P. meridionus K64
         |--Coelogasteroceras Hyatt 1893 [=Conradiceras Cossmann 1900, Solenoceras Hyatt 1884 non Conrad 1860] K64
         |    |--*C. coxi Gordon 1960 [=Nautilus canaliculatus Cox 1858 non Eichwald 1857] K64
         |    `--C. mexicanum K64
         |--Sibyllonautilus Diener 1915 [incl. Tumidonautilus Diener 1915] K64
         |    |--*S. sibyllae (Mojsisovics 1886) [=Nautilus sibyllae] K64
         |    `--S. fergusoni K64
         |--Bistrialites Turner 1954 H99
         |    |--*B. bistrialis (Phillips 1836) (see below for synonymy) H99
         |    |--B. bimembris Shimansky 1967 H99
         |    |--B. coyanus (Orbigny 1850) (see below for synonymy) H99
         |    `--B. crowdecotensis Turner 1954 H99
         `--Liroceras Teichert 1940 [incl. Coloceras Hyatt 1893 non Nitzsch 1882] K64
              |--*L. liratum (Girty 1911) [=Coloceras liratum] K64
              |    |--L. l. liratum P68
              |    `--‘Coloceras’ l. obsoletum Girty 1911 P68
              |--L. globulare P68
              `--‘Coloceras’ mexicanum Girty 1909 P68

*Bistrialites bistrialis (Phillips 1836) [=Nautilus bistrialis, Coelonautilus bistrialis, Coloceras bistriale, Coloceras bistrialis (l. c.), Liroceras bistrialis, Nautilus (Temnocheilus) bistrialis] H99

Bistrialites coyanus (Orbigny 1850) [=Nautilus coyanus, Coloceras coyanum, C. coyanus (l. c.), Vestinautilus coyanus; incl. Nautilus (Temnocheilus) pinguis M’Coy 1844 non de Koninck 1843] H99

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H99] Histon, K. 1999. A revision of A. H. Foord’s monograph of Irish Carboniferous nautiloid cephalopods (1897-1901). Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society 153: 63-129.

[K64] Kummel, B. 1964. Nautiloidea – Nautilida. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt. K. Mollusca 3. Cephalopoda – General Features – Endoceratoidea – Actinoceratoidea – Nautiloidea – Bactritoidea (R. C. Moore, ed.) pp. K383-K457. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press.

[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the Type Specimens of Invertebrate Fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1-198.