Phanocrinidae

Phanocrinus formosus, from The Fossil Forum.

Belongs within: Erisocrinacea.

The Phanocrinidae are a group of crinoids with apposed arms known from the Carboniferous period (Moore et al. 1978).

Characters (from Moore et al. 1978): Tall, comparatively narrow cylindrical crown with apposed arms. Cup bowl-shaped, medium high or low, base concave or sub-horizontal; radial articular facets plenary; three to one anal plates in cup. Anal sac slender, shorter than arms. Arms five to ten with branching on primibrachs 1, usually uniserial, but may become biserial with gently convex outer surfaces and flattened sides, pinnulate. Stem transversely round.

Phanocrinidae
    |--Bronaughocrinus Strimple 1951 ML78
    |    `--*B. figuratus Strimple 1951 ML78
    |--Hosieocrinus Wright 1952 ML78
    |    `--*H. caledonicus (Wright 1936) [=Tribrachiocrinus caledonicus] ML78
    |--Idosocrinus Wright 1954 ML78
    |    `--*I. bispinosus Wright 1954 ML78
    |--Pentaramicrinus Sutton & Winkler 1940 ML78
    |    |--*P. gracilis (Wetherby 1880) [=Cromyocrinus gracilis] ML78
    |    `--P. bimagnaramus U78
    |--Cryphiocrinus Kirk 1929 ML78
    |    |--*C. girtyi Kirk 1929 ML78
    |    `--C. bowsheri ML78
    `--Phanocrinus Kirk 1937 ML78
         |--*P. formosus (Worthen in Meek & Worthen 1873) [=Zeacrinus formosus] ML78
         |--P. cooksoni Laudon 1941 ML78
         `--P. imoensis Burdick & Strimple 1973 UL78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ML78] Moore, R. C., N. G. Lane, H. L. Strimple, J. Sprinkle & R. O. Fay. 1978. Inadunata. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 2 pp. T520–T759. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[U78] Ubaghs, G. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 1 pp. T58–T216. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[UL78] Ubaghs, G., N. G. Lane, H. Wienberg Rasmussen & H. L. Strimple. 1978. Evolution. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 2 pp. T275–T316. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).