Trematosauria

Reconstruction of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis, copyright Dmitry Bogdanov.

Belongs within: Stereospondylomorpha.

The Trematosauria are a clade of temnospondyls defined by Yates & Warren (2000) as including all species closer to Trematosaurus than Parotosuchus.

Synapomorphies (from Yates & Warren 2000): Interorbital space greater than 50% of skull width at mid orbital level; stapedial foramen absent; sharp rimmed depressions absent at posterior end of ventral surface of parasphenoid plate; denticle patches absent from all three coronoids; chorda tympanic foramen located on preaticular; hamate process absent.

<==Trematosauria [Trematosauroidei] YW00
    |  i. s.: Lyrocephalus euri CZ79
    |--+--Luzocephalus YW00
    |  `--Trematosauroidea YW00
    |       |--Thoosuchus jakovlevi YW00
    |       `--Lyrocephaliscus [Trematosauridae] YW00
    |            `--L. euri YW00
    `--+--Metoposauroidea YW00
       |    |--Almasaurus habbazi Dutuit 1972 YW00, CZ79
       |    |--Buettneria perfecta YW00
       |    |--Apachesaurus PI05
       |    `--Metoposaurus Lydekker 1890 D07
       |         |--M. bakeri D07
       |         |--M. diagnosticus YW00
       |         |--M. heimi D07
       |         |--M. krasiejowensis D07
       |         |--M. maleriensis DDL04
       |         |--M. santaecrucis D07
       |         `--M. stuttgartiensis D07
       `--+--Plagiosauroidea YW00
          |    |--Laidleria [Laidleriidae] YW00
          |    |    `--L. gracilis Kitching 1958 CZ79
          |    `--Plagiosauridae YW00
          |         |--Plagiosternum danilovi YW00
          |         `--Plagiosaurus YW00
          `--+--Brachyopoidea YW00
             |    |--Keratobrachyops australis YW00
             |    `--+--Brachyopidae YW00
             |       |    |--Xenobrachyops allos YW00
             |       |    |--Brachyops laticeps S87
             |       |    `--Batrachosuchus YW00
             |       |         `--‘Blinasaurus’ henwoodi YW00
             |       `--Chigutisauridae YW00
             |            |--Siderops kehli YW00
             |            `--Pelorocephalus Cabera 1944 YW00, D07 [incl. Chigutisaurus YW00]
             |                 |--P. cacheutensis D07
             |                 |--P. ischigualastensis D07
             |                 |--P. mendozensis D07
             |                 `--P. tenax D07
             `--Rhytidosteoidea CZ79
                  |--Indobrachyopidae CZ79
                  |    |--Derwentia warreni Cosgriff 1974 CZ79
                  |    `--+--Indobrachyops panchetensis Van Huene & Sahni 1958 CZ79
                  |       `--+--Rewana quadricuneata Howie 1972 CZ79
                  |          `--Mahavisaurus CZ79
                  |               |--M. australis (Lehmann 1966) [=Lyrosaurus australis] CZ79
                  |               `--M. dentatus Lehmann 1966 CZ79
                  `--Rhytidosteidae YW00
                       |  i. s.: Arcadia myriadens YW00
                       |         Trucheosaurus YW00
                       |--Deltasaurus CZ79
                       |    |--D. kimberleyensis Cosgriff 1965 CZ79
                       |    `--D. pustulatus Cosgriff 1965 CZ79
                       `--+--Pneumatostega Cosgriff & Zawiskie 1979 CZ79
                          |    `--*P. potamia Cosgriff & Zawiskie 1979 CZ79
                          `--+--Rhytidosteus capensis Owen 1884 CZ79
                             `--Peltostega CZ79
                                  |--P. erici Wiman 1916 CZ79
                                  `--P. wimani Nilsson 1946 CZ79

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CZ79] Cosgriff, J. W., & J. M. Zawiskie. 1979. A new species of the Rhytidosteidae from the Lystrosaurus Zone and a review of the Rhytidosteoidea. Palaeontologia Africana 22: 1–27.

[DDL04] Datta, P. M., D. P. Das & Z.-X. Luo. 2004. A Late Triassic dromatheriid (Synapsida: Cynodontia) from India. Annals of Carnegie Museum 73 (2): 12–24.

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[PI05] Parker, W. G., R. B. Irmis, S. J. Nesbitt, J. W. Martz & L. S. Browne. 2005. The Late Triassic pseudosuchian Revueltosaurus callenderi and its implications for the diversity of early ornithischian dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 272: 963–969.

[S87] Stephens, W. J. 1887. On the Biloela labyrinthodont (second notice). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1113–1121, pl. 14.

[YW00] Yates, A. M., & A. A. Warren. 2000. The phylogeny of the ‘higher’ temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128: 77–121.