Belongs within: Lagenida.
Contains: Astacolus, Lenticulina, Marginulina, Dentalina, Nodosaria, Lagena, Frondicularia.
The Lagenidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Permian to the present. They are divided between three subfamilies, which may be distinguished by the shape of the aperture: rounded or radiate in Nodosariinae, a single elongate slit in the Lingulininae, or dentate or cribrate in the Plectofrondiculariinae. The chambers of the test are commonly arranged in a straight or arcuate series in all three subfamilies, or in an enrolled series in a number of Nodosariinae (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).
Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964b, as Nodosariidae): Test free, one or more chambers in planispiral, biserial, uncoiling, curved or straight series; aperture simple, slitlike or radiate, peripheral in coiled forms, terminal in straight forms, may have apertural chamberlet, or may have elongate neck.
<==Nodosariidae [Aequilateralidae, Equilateralidae, Lagenidae, Nautiloidae, Stichostegia]
| i. s.: Parafissurina Parr 1947 H03, LT64b
| |--*P. ventricosa (Silvestri 1904) [=Lagena ventricosa, Ellipsolagena ventricosa] LT64b
| `--P. ovalis Todd 1957 H03
|--Plectofrondiculariinae [Plectofrondicularinae] LT64a
| |--Bolivinella Cushman 1927 LT64a, C40
| | `--*B. folia (Parker & Jones 1865) [=Textularia folium] LT64b
| |--Amphimorphina Neugeboren 1850 C40 [incl. Amphimorphinella Keijzer 1953 LT64b]
| | |--*A. haueriana Neugeboren 1850 C40
| | `--A. butonensis (Keijzer 1953) [=*Amphimorphinella butonensis] LT64b
| `--Plectofrondicularia Liebus 1902 [incl. Parafrondicularia Asano 1938] LT64b
| |--*P. concava Liebus 1903 C40
| |--P. californica C40
| |--P. floridana LT64b
| |--P. japonica (Asano 1938) [=*Parafrondicularia japonica] LT64b
| |--P. mexicana C40
| |--P. miocenica C40
| |--P. vaughani C40
| `--P. whaingaroica B49
|--Lingulininae LT64b
| |--Berthelinella Loeblich & Tappan 1957 LT64b
| | `--*B. paradoxa (Berthelin 1879) [=Frondicularia paradoxa] LT64b
| |--Daucinoides de Klasz & Rérat 1962 LT64b
| | `--*D. circumtegens de Klasz & Rérat 1962 LT64b
| |--Ellipsocristellaria Silvestri 1920 LT64b
| | `--*E. sequana (Berthelin 1880) [=Lingulinopsis sequana] LT64b
| |--Rimulina d’Orbigny 1826 LT64b
| | `--*R. glabra d’Orbigny 1826 LT64b
| |--Gonatosphaera Guppy 1894 [incl. Linguloglandulina Silvestri 1903] LT64b
| | |--*G. prolata Guppy 1894 LT64b
| | `--G. laevigata (Silvestri 1903) [=*Linguloglandulina laevigata] LT64b
| |--Lingulinopsis Reuss 1860 LT64b
| | |--*L. bohemica (Reuss 1846) [=Lingulina bohemica] LT64b
| | `--L. carlofortensis LT64b
| |--Lingulonodosaria Silvestri 1903 [incl. Lingulinella Gerke 1952] LT64b
| | |--*L. nodosaria (Reuss 1863) [=Lingulina nodosaria] LT64b
| | `--L. arctica (Gerke 1952) [=*Lingulinella arctica] LT64b
| |--Mucronina d’Orbigny 1826 [incl. Nodomorphina Cushman 1927, Staffia Schubert 1911] LT64b
| | |--*M. hasta (d’Orbigny 1826) [=Nodosaria (Mucronine) hasta] LT64b
| | |--‘Nodosaria’ compressiuscula Neugeboren 1852 [=*Nodomorphina compressiuscula] LT64b
| | `--M. tetragona (Costa 1855) [=Nodosaria tetragona, *Staffia tetragona] LT64b
| `--Lingulina Orbigny 1826 W76 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*L. carinata d’Orbigny 1826 C40
| |--L. buddencanyonensis BL79
| |--L. dubiella (Gerke 1957) [=Frondicularia (*Frondiculina) dubiella, *Frondiculinita dubiella] LT64b
| |--L. loryi BL79
| |--L. pagoda H04
| |--L. strigata Wang 1976 W76
| |--L. tenera [incl. L. tenera var. hexogonella, L. tenera var. maxima] W76
| `--L. wilcoxensis C40
`--Nodosariinae [Lageninae] G-B87
| i. s.: ‘Cribrella’ Gawor-Biedowa 1987 nec Agassiz 1835 nec Lütken 1857 G-B87
| |--*C. lacrima Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
| |--C. fusiformis Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
| `--C. ovata Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
| Alfredosilvestris Andersen 1961 LT64b
| `--*A. levinsoni Andersen 1961 LT64b
| Astacolus LT64b
| Austrocolomia Oberhauser 1960 LT64b
| `--*A. marschalli Oberhauser 1960 LT64b
| Chrysalogonium Schubert 1907 LT64b
| |--*C. polystoma (Schwager 1866) [=Nodosaria polystoma] LT64b
| `--C. cretaceum C40
| Citharina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
| |--*C. strigillata (Reuss 1846) [=Vaginulina (*Citharina) strigillata] LT64b
| |--C. colliezi (Terquem 1866) [=Marginulina colliezi, *Pseudocitharina colliezi] LT64b
| |--C. discors LT64b
| |--C. gracilana M08
| |--C. inaequistriata (Terquem 1864) [=Marginulina inaequistriata, *Saccularia inaequistriata] LT64b
| |--‘*Hybridina’ obliqua Kübler & Zwingli 1866 LT64b
| `--‘*Pseudovaginulina’ oxyacantha Wedekind 1937 LT64b
| Citharinella Marie 1938 LT64b
| |--*C. karreri (Berthelin 1880) [=Flabellina karreri] LT64b
| `--C. tarrantensis LT64b
| Cribrorobulina Thalmann 1947 LT64b
| `--*C. serpens (Seguenza 1880) [=Robulina serpens] LT64b
| Dentalinoides Marie 1941 LT64b
| `--*D. canulina Marie 941 LT64b
| Dentalinopsis Reuss 1860 LT64b
| `--*D. semitriquetra Reuss 1860 LT64b
| Dimorphina d’Orbigny 1826 [=Glandulodimorphina Silvestri 1901] LT64b
| `--*D. tuberosa d’Orbigny 1826 [=*Glandulodimorphina tuberosa] LT64b
| Dyofrondicularia Asano 1936 LT64b
| `--*D. nipponica Asano 1936 C40
| Flabellinella Schubert 1900 LT64b
| |--*F. tetschensis (Matouschek 1895) [=Frondicularia tetschensis] LT64b
| `--F. zittelliana C40
| Involutaria Gerke 1957 LT64b
| `--*I. triassica Gerke 1957 LT64b
| Kyphopyxa Cushman 1929 LT64b
| `--*K. christneri (Carsey 1926) [=Frondicularia christneri] LT64b
| Lagenoglandulina Silvestri 1923 LT64b
| `--*L. subovata (Stache 1865) [=Glandulina subovata] LT64b
| Lankesterina Loeblich & Tappan 1961 LT64b
| `--*L. frondea (Cushman 1922) [=Bolivina frondea, Polymorphina frondea] LT61
| Marginulinopsis Silvestri 1904 LT64b
| `--*M. densicostata Thalmann 1937 LT64b
| Neoflabellina Bartenstein 1948 [=Flabellina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 non Voigt 1834] LT64b
| |--*N. rugosa (d’Orbigny 1840) LT64b [=*Flabellina rugosa LT64b, Palmula rugosa C40]
| `--N. reticulata G-B87
| Orthomorphina Stainforth 1952 LT64b
| `--*O. havanensis (Cushman & Bermudez 1937) [=Nodogenerina havanensis] LT64b
| Palmula Lea 1833 (see below for synonymy) LT64b
| |--*P. sagittaria Lea 1833 C40
| |--‘*Planularia’ elliptica Nilsson 1826 LT64b
| |--‘*Frondiculina’ obliqua von Münster 1838 LT64b
| |--P. reticulata C40
| `--P. tenuistriata (Franke 1936) [=Flabellina tenuistriata, *Falsopalmula tenuistriata] LT64b
| Pandaglandulina Loeblich & Tappan 1955 [=Pandoglandulina (l. c.)] LT64b
| `--*P. dinapolii Loeblich & Tappan 1955 LT64b
| Planularia Defrance in de Blainville 1826 [incl. Megathyra Ehrenberg 1843] LT64b
| |--*P. auris (Defrance 1824) [=Peneroplis auris] LT64b
| |--P. advena C40
| |--P. crepidula M62
| `--‘*Megathyra’ planularia Ehrenberg 1843 LT64b
| Pseudarcella Spandel 1909 LT64b [=Arpseudacelloum Rhumbler 1913 LT64b, Pseudoarcella (l. c.) H75]
| |--*P. rhumbleri Spandel 1909 H75
| |--P. campanula LT64b
| |--P. feugueuri LT64b
| `--P. patella LT64b
| Pseudonodosaria Boomgaart 1949 [incl. Rectoglandulina Loeblich & Tappan 1955] LT64b
| |--*P. discreta (Reuss 1850) [=Glandulina discreta] LT64b
| |--P. appressa (Loeblich & Tappan 1955) [=*Rectoglandulina appressa] LT64b
| |--P. humilis BL79
| `--P. obesa G-B87
| Pseudotristix Miklukho-Maklay 1960 LT64b
| `--*P. tcherdynzevi (Miklukho-Maklay 1960) [=Tristix (*Pseudotristix) tcherdynzevi] LT64b
| Tentifrons Loeblich & Tappan 1957 LT64b
| `--*T. barnardi Loeblich & Tappan 1957 LT64b
| Tribrachia Schubert 1912 LT64b
| `--*T. inelegans Loeblich & Tappan 1950 LT64b
| Vaginulinopsis Silvestri 1904 LT64b
| |--*V. carinata (Silvestri 1898) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
| |--V. hochstetteri B49
| `--V. soluta (Silvestri 1898) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
|--Saracenaria Defrance in de Blainville 1824 [incl. Hemirobulina Stache 1865, Saracenella Franke 1936] LT64b
| |--*S. italica Defrance 1824 C40
| |--S. akitaensis Iwasa & Kikuchi 1954 H03
| |--S. angularis JW99
| |--‘*Hemirobulina’ arcuatula Stache 1865 LT64b
| |--S. spinosa BL79
| |--S. triangularis M08
| `--S. trigona (Terquem 1866) C40, LT64b [=Marginulina trigona LT64b, *Saracenella trigona C40]
`--+--Lenticulina C40
`--+--Amphicoryna Schlumberger in Milne-Edwards 1881 C40, LT64b (see below for synonymy)
| |--A. scalaris (Batsch 1791) LT64b (see below for synonymy)
| |--‘*Plesiocorine’ edwardsi Schlumberger 1882 LT64b
| |--‘*Vaginoglandulina’ laevigata Silvestri 1906 LT64b
| `--A. separans (Brady 1884) [=Nodosaria scalaris var. separans, *Lagenonodosaria separans] LT64b
|--+--Marginulina C40
| `--+--Dentalina C40
| `--+--Nodosaria C40
| `--Lagena C40
`--+--Frondicularia C40
`--Vaginulina d’Orbigny 1826 C40 [=Vaginula Risso 1826 LT64b, Vaginulinella (l. c.) LT64b]
|--*V. legumen (Linné 1758) [=Nautilus legumen, *Vaginula legumen] LT64b
|--V. directa M08
|--V. elegans B49
|--V. kochii [incl. V. kochii var. striolata] C40
|--V. midwayana QS03
|--V. patens C40
`--V. webbervillensis C40
Nomen nudum: Plectofrondicularia proparri Battey 1949 B49
Amphicoryna Schlumberger in Milne-Edwards 1881 C40, LT64b [=Amphicoryne Brady 1884 LT64b, Amphycorina (l. c.) LT64b; incl. Lagenonodosaria Silvestri 1900 LT64b, Nodosariopsis Silvestri 1902 non Rzehak 1895 LT64b, Plesiocorine Schlumberger in Milne-Edwards 1882 LT64b, Plesiocoryna (l. c.) LT64b, Vaginoglandulina Silvestri 1906 LT64b]
Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch 1791) LT64b [=Nautilus scalaris LT64b, Lagenonodosaria scalaris B49; incl. Marginulina falx Jones & Parker 1860 LT64b, *Amphicoryna falx LT64b, *Nodosariopsis falx LT64b]
Citharina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 [=Cytharina (l. c.); incl. Hybridina Kübler & Zwingli 1866, Pseudocitharina Payard 1947, Pseudovaginulina Wedekind 1937, Saccularia Wedekind 1937] LT64b
Lingulina Orbigny 1826 W76 [incl. Frondiculina Gerke 1957 nec Lamarck 1816 nec Muenster 1835 LT64b, Frondiculinita Gerke 1961 LT64b]
Palmula Lea 1833 [incl. Falsopalmula Bartenstein 1948, Frondiculina von Münster in Roemer 1838 non Lamarck 1816, Phalsopalmula Agalarova 1960, Planularia Nilsson 1826 non Defrance 1826] LT64b
*Vaginulinopsis carinata (Silvestri 1898) [=Vaginulina soluta var. carinata, Vaginulinopsis inversa var. carinata] LT64b
Vaginulinopsis soluta (Silvestri 1898) [=Vaginulina soluta; incl. Marginulina inversa Costa 1856 non Neugeboren 1851, Vaginulinopsis inversa] LT64b
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.
[B49] Battey, M. H. 1949. The geology of the Tuakau-Mercer area, Auckland. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77 (3): 429–455.
[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).
[G-B87] Gawor-Biedowa, E. 1987. New benthic foraminifers from the Late Cretaceous of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 32 (1–2): 49–72.
[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.
[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.
[H75] Häntzschel, W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea. Supplement 1. Trace Fossils and Problematica 2nd ed. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.
[LT61] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961. Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new and validated genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 213–234.
[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.
[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.
[M08] McMillan, I. K. 2008. Reappraisal of foraminiferal assemblages of the Santonia-Campanian Mzamba Formation type section, and their correlation with the stratigraphic succession of the KwaZulu Basin. African Natural History 4: 25–34.
[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.
[QS03] Quattrocchio, M. E., & W. A. S. Sarjeant. 2003. Dinoflagellates from the Chorrillo Chico Formation (Paleocene) of southern Chile. Ameghiniana 40 (2): 129–153.
[W76] Wang K. 1976. The foraminifera from the Changhsing Formation in western Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 15 (2): 187–195.
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